Chapter 14. Anthropometry and Biomechanics - FAA

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Chapter 14 Anthropometry and biomechanics HFDS 2003 (amended Oct 2009) 14.4.2 Reach envelope data collection. Designers and humanfactors specialists should understand that reach envelopemeasurement data are often related to the data collectionprocedures and apparatus. Often data can be found or should becollected to relate the design reference point of concern to thereach capabilities of the actual users. Another factor in datacollection is the amount of whole body movement allowed. Forexample, consider bending the torso forward so that one or bothshoulders no longer touch the seat back. [Source: Roebuck, Kroemer,& Thomson, 1975]Exhibit 14.4.2 Reach envelopes in vertical and horizontal planesExample. Exhibit 14.4.2 shows an example in whichreach measurement is related to the seat reference pointfrom a restrained shoulder level. In the left graph, a sideview reference plane is shown, and in the right graph, atop view is shown in terms of reach angles. All measuresand dimensions are relative to the apparatus.Discussion. An issue surrounding the application of reach datais how to relate static anthropometric reach dimensions, shoulderjoint points, data collection procedures and apparatus referencepoints, and design reference points. Most reach measurementsare made relative to an apparatus reference point. A furthercomplication is that the apparatus and design seat reference pointmay not be the same or may not reflect the same seatconfigurations (back and pan angles).Definition. Seat reference point is a point in the midsagittalplane where the seat back and seat pan intersect.14-36
HFDS 2003 (amended Oct 2009)Chapter 14 Anthropometry and biomechanics• 14.4.3 Reach envelope interaction with the reach task. Reachenvelope data shall be collected or modified for the tasks,motions, or functions to be accomplished by the reach. Exhibit14.4.3 (a) defines some task demands (touch, grip, and grasp)that affect reach characteristics and measures. [Source: Kroemer,Kroemer, & Kroemer-Elbert, 1990]Exhibit 14.4.3 (a) Touch, grip, and grasp functionsFinger touch. One finger touches anobject without holding it.Palm touch. Some part of the innersurface of the hand touches the objectwithout holding itFinger palmer grip (hook grip). Onefinger or several fingers hook(s) ontoa ridge or handle. This type of fingeraction is used if thumb counterforce isnot needed.14-37
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