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80> chapter 04Aquaculture – protein provider for the world> During the 1970s aquaculture was a relatively insignificant industry, buttoday it is almost as productive as the ocean fishing sector. About 600 aquatic species are nowraised in captivity, with different species being preferred for different regions. Experts predict thatthe importance of fish farming will increase even more in the future, because it has clear advantagesover beef and pork production.4.1 > No other foodproduction sector hasachieved such highgrowth rates as aquaculturein the past40 years.Fish for 9 billion peopleThe global population is growing at a breathtaking pace. In1950 the world had a total of 2.5 billion people, a figurethat had burgeoned to 7 billion by 2012. According toUnited Nations estimates, this number could exceed the9 billion mark by mid-century. As populations increase, sotoo does the need for food. Fish is a widespread, affordableand healthy source of valuable protein. There is no question,therefore, that the global demand for fish will intensifyin future.When we consider that the amount of wild-capturedfish has not increased in recent years, only one alternativeremains: fish farming, or aquaculture, must fill the gap. IsAverage annual production increase (1970 to 2008)Plant Food CommoditiesCereals 2.1 %Pulses 1.1 %Roots and tubers 0.9 %Vegetables and melons 3.4 %Animal food commoditiesBeef and buffalo 1.3 %Eggs 3.2 %Milk 1.5 %Poultry 5.0 %Sheep and goats 1.8 %Fish 8.4 %it capable of doing so? This is the question many scientistsaround the world are trying to answer.For many years aquaculture played a relatively minorrole in global fish production, but its significance hasincreased dramatically over the past 20 years, spurred bythe demand from Asia’s fast-growing populations. Today,aquaculture makes a major contribution to human nutrition.For example, it provides a large proportion of the animalprotein consumed in China, Bangladesh and Indonesia.Global production of fish, mussels and crab in 2010was almost 60 million tonnes, a figure which includes productionin marine waters, brackish water and freshwater.Aquaculture production is now about three quarters ofthat from ocean fish and seafood caught in the wild. In2011 this amounted to 78.9 million tonnes.No other food industry has shown such growth asaquaculture in recent decades. Between 1970 and 2008annual production worldwide increased by an average of8.4 per cent; much more than poultry farming and eggproduction, which have the second highest growth ratesafter aquaculture.Asia – the cradle of fish farmingAquaculture is not equally important in all countries andall regions. For instance, central Europe in general prefersits fish to be caught in the wild. In China on the otherhand, fish farming is widespread and has enjoyed a millennialong tradition, since carp were first domesticated.China is still the undisputed leader in aquaculture production.Since 1970 it has recorded annual growth rates inaquaculture production of an average 10 per cent, althoughrecently these have slowed to about 6 per cent. Today61 per cent of global production comes from China, with
A bright future for fish farming Asia dominatesworld aquaculture.The total output ofthe top ten producercountries worldwideis shown. Theamounts of farmedalgae and aquacultureproducts not used asfood are not included
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world ocean reviewLiving with the o
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2The Futureof Fish -The Fisheries o
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6> world ocean review 2013This publ
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10> Chapter 011 The importance of m
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14> Chapter 011.3 > Specimensof the
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16> Chapter 01interim increase in s
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18> Chapter 01One species - multipl
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20> Chapter 01What does overfishing
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22> Chapter 01641054 5553 1 2364 51
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24> Chapter 01Diversity at risk> Ma
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26> Chapter 011.14 > This bluefintu
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28> Chapter 01comprising different
Page 30 and 31: 30> Chapter 022 Of fish and folk
Page 32 and 33: 32> Chapter 02Fish - a prized commo
Page 34 and 35: 34> Chapter 02plants serving global
Page 36 and 37: 36> Chapter 02The goodness in fish>
Page 38 and 39: 38> Chapter 022.10 > Eine senegales
Page 40 and 41: 40> Chapter 033 Plenty more fish in
Page 42 and 43: 42> Chapter 03The global hunt for f
Page 44 and 45: 44> Chapter 033.2 > Global estimati
Page 46 and 47: 46> Chapter 03world’s fisheries i
Page 48 and 49: 48> Chapter 033.6 > A net bulging w
Page 50 and 51: 50> Chapter 033.7 > The FAO divides
Page 52 and 53: 52> Chapter 033.8 > The FAO include
Page 54 and 55: 54> Chapter 03What shape are tuna s
Page 56 and 57: 56> Chapter 03Catch (million tonnes
Page 58 and 59: 58> Chapter 03The deep sea - remote
Page 60 and 61: 60> Chapter 033.14 > Seamounts arec
Page 62 and 63: 62> Chapter 03Exclusive economiczon
Page 64 and 65: 64> Chapter 033.18 > The catches of
Page 66 and 67: 66> Chapter 03Catching fish in inte
Page 68 and 69: 68> Chapter 033.23 > Rockall, offIr
Page 70 and 71: 70> Chapter 03Illegal fishing> In m
Page 72 and 73: 72> Chapter 033.25 > Transshipment
Page 74 and 75: 74> Chapter 033.26 > Differentspeci
Page 76 and 77: 76> Chapter 03LandearthstationMarin
Page 78 and 79: 4 A bright future for fish farming7
Page 82 and 83: 82> chapter 04Million tonnes7060Fre
Page 84 and 85: 84> chapter 04important regions are
Page 86 and 87: 86> Chapter 04Towards more eco-frie
Page 88 and 89: 88> Chapter 04How much fish does a
Page 90 and 91: 90> Chapter 04Effluent to feed plan
Page 92 and 93: 92> Chapter 04Production of salmon
Page 94 and 95: 94> Chapter 055 Getting stock manag
Page 96 and 97: 96> Chapter 05Fishing at its limit>
Page 98 and 99: 98> Chapter 055.2 > > Barren land,p
Page 100 and 101: 100> Chapter 05the Food and Agricul
Page 102 and 103: 102> Chapter 05Why fishing at MSY l
Page 104 and 105: 104> Chapter 055.6 >Blindtext westn
Page 106 and 107: 106> Chapter 05ator and prey - cod,
Page 108 and 109: 108> Chapter 05Towards better fishe
Page 110 and 111: 110> Chapter 05An end to discards?F
Page 112 and 113: 112> Chapter 055.13 > Different fis
Page 114 and 115: 114> Chapter 05are fished sustainab
Page 116 and 117: 116> Chapter 05Mauritania, Senegal
Page 118 and 119: 118> Chapter 055.17 > Generoussubsi
Page 120 and 121: 120> Chapter 05Turning the tide in
Page 122 and 123: 122> Chapter 05is proposing to subd
Page 124 and 125: 124> Chapter 055.20 > Discarding of
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Page 128 and 129: 128 > world ocean review 2013Overal
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130> Appendix
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132> AppendixAbbreviationsAIDCP Agr
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134> AppendixContributorsMany exper
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136> AppendixBibliographyChapter 1
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138> AppendixChapter 4 - A bright f
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140> AppendixIndexPage numbers prin
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142> AppendixPuget Sound 107purse s
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