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84> chapter 04important regions are China (58.4 per cent of global production),Indonesia (20.6 per cent) and the Philippines(9.5 per cent). Most of the algae produced worldwide isused in the cosmetics, chemical and food industries. Onlya small proportion is used for human consumption, as abase for soups. The tropical algae Eucheuma and Kappaphycus,harvested throughout the Indo-Pacific regionbetween the island of Zanzibar and the Philippines, arealso of significance. They offer many fishermen an additionalincome and are utilized in the chemical, health andbiological industries as a bacterial growth medium.The strengths and weaknesses of aquacultureAquaculture has come in for some hefty criticism in recentyears. For various reasons it still attracts controversy.Food, faecal and metabolic wastes from intensive fishfarms can lead to the eutrophication (over-fertilization)of water in rivers and coastal bays. There have also beencomplaints that fish farmed under intensive conditions formaximum yields are more susceptible to disease thantheir relatives in the wild. Tremendous amounts of antibioticsand other medications are used to fight disease,particularly in relation to shrimp on farms in South EastAsia – with unforeseeable consequences for surroundingecosystems and consumer health. In some cases thesepoints are valid, but they should not detract from the factthat aquaculture can be a very efficient and sustainablemethod of supplying humans with animal proteins – andcounteracting over-fishing.The farming of the classic common carp or mirror carpprovides a positive example of environmentally-soundaquaculture. Carp are bottom feeders, generally eatingsmall aquatic animals, plants, dead plant matter and waste4.6 > In Belize, inCentral America, theconstruction of hugeaquaculture facilitieshas involved thedestruction of largetracts of land andmangroves. Theeffluent is dischargedto the sea withoutany prior treatment.Such operations havebrought the sectorinto disrepute.
A bright future for fish farming Aquacultureemits much lessnitrogen and phosphorusper tonne ofproduced proteinthan livestock farming.Farmed musselseven lower nitrogenand phosphoruslevels as they filterthe water. However,this also means thatmussels from highlypolluted waters canthemselves containhigh nitogen andphosphor levels.
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world ocean reviewLiving with the o
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2The Futureof Fish -The Fisheries o
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6> world ocean review 2013This publ
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10> Chapter 011 The importance of m
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14> Chapter 011.3 > Specimensof the
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16> Chapter 01interim increase in s
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18> Chapter 01One species - multipl
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20> Chapter 01What does overfishing
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22> Chapter 01641054 5553 1 2364 51
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24> Chapter 01Diversity at risk> Ma
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26> Chapter 011.14 > This bluefintu
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28> Chapter 01comprising different
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30> Chapter 022 Of fish and folk
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32> Chapter 02Fish - a prized commo
Page 34 and 35: 34> Chapter 02plants serving global
Page 36 and 37: 36> Chapter 02The goodness in fish>
Page 38 and 39: 38> Chapter 022.10 > Eine senegales
Page 40 and 41: 40> Chapter 033 Plenty more fish in
Page 42 and 43: 42> Chapter 03The global hunt for f
Page 44 and 45: 44> Chapter 033.2 > Global estimati
Page 46 and 47: 46> Chapter 03world’s fisheries i
Page 48 and 49: 48> Chapter 033.6 > A net bulging w
Page 50 and 51: 50> Chapter 033.7 > The FAO divides
Page 52 and 53: 52> Chapter 033.8 > The FAO include
Page 54 and 55: 54> Chapter 03What shape are tuna s
Page 56 and 57: 56> Chapter 03Catch (million tonnes
Page 58 and 59: 58> Chapter 03The deep sea - remote
Page 60 and 61: 60> Chapter 033.14 > Seamounts arec
Page 62 and 63: 62> Chapter 03Exclusive economiczon
Page 64 and 65: 64> Chapter 033.18 > The catches of
Page 66 and 67: 66> Chapter 03Catching fish in inte
Page 68 and 69: 68> Chapter 033.23 > Rockall, offIr
Page 70 and 71: 70> Chapter 03Illegal fishing> In m
Page 72 and 73: 72> Chapter 033.25 > Transshipment
Page 74 and 75: 74> Chapter 033.26 > Differentspeci
Page 76 and 77: 76> Chapter 03LandearthstationMarin
Page 78 and 79: 4 A bright future for fish farming7
Page 80 and 81: 80> chapter 04Aquaculture - protein
Page 82 and 83: 82> chapter 04Million tonnes7060Fre
Page 86 and 87: 86> Chapter 04Towards more eco-frie
Page 88 and 89: 88> Chapter 04How much fish does a
Page 90 and 91: 90> Chapter 04Effluent to feed plan
Page 92 and 93: 92> Chapter 04Production of salmon
Page 94 and 95: 94> Chapter 055 Getting stock manag
Page 96 and 97: 96> Chapter 05Fishing at its limit>
Page 98 and 99: 98> Chapter 055.2 > > Barren land,p
Page 100 and 101: 100> Chapter 05the Food and Agricul
Page 102 and 103: 102> Chapter 05Why fishing at MSY l
Page 104 and 105: 104> Chapter 055.6 >Blindtext westn
Page 106 and 107: 106> Chapter 05ator and prey - cod,
Page 108 and 109: 108> Chapter 05Towards better fishe
Page 110 and 111: 110> Chapter 05An end to discards?F
Page 112 and 113: 112> Chapter 055.13 > Different fis
Page 114 and 115: 114> Chapter 05are fished sustainab
Page 116 and 117: 116> Chapter 05Mauritania, Senegal
Page 118 and 119: 118> Chapter 055.17 > Generoussubsi
Page 120 and 121: 120> Chapter 05Turning the tide in
Page 122 and 123: 122> Chapter 05is proposing to subd
Page 124 and 125: 124> Chapter 055.20 > Discarding of
Page 126 and 127: 126> world ocean review
Page 128 and 129: 128 > world ocean review 2013Overal
Page 130 and 131: 130> Appendix
Page 132 and 133: 132> AppendixAbbreviationsAIDCP Agr
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134> AppendixContributorsMany exper
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136> AppendixBibliographyChapter 1
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138> AppendixChapter 4 - A bright f
Page 140 and 141:
140> AppendixIndexPage numbers prin
Page 142 and 143:
142> AppendixPuget Sound 107purse s
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