A Practical Introduction to Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis

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Sec. 3.5 Calculating the Running Time for a Program 75but each time the cost of the inner loop is different because it costs c 3 i withi changing each time. You should see that for the first execution of the outerloop, i is 1. For the second execution of the outer loop, i is 2. Each timethrough the outer loop, i becomes one greater, until the last time throughthe loop when i = n. Thus, the total cost of the loop is c 3 times the sum ofthe integers 1 through n. From Equation 2.1, we know thatn∑i =i=1n(n + 1),2which is Θ(n 2 ). By simplifying rule (3), Θ(c 1 + c 2 n + c 3 n 2 ) is simplyΘ(n 2 ).Example 3.12 Compare the asymptotic analysis for the following twocode fragments:sum1 = 0;for (i=1; i
76 Chap. 3 Algorithm Analysissum1 = 0;for (k=1; k
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xviPrefacemake the examples as clea
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xviiiPrefaceOne of the most importa
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xxPrefaceOthers at Prentice Hall wh
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1Data Structures and AlgorithmsHow
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Sec. 1.1 A Philosophy of Data Struc
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Sec. 1.1 A Philosophy of Data Struc
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Sec. 1.2 Abstract Data Types and Da
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Sec. 1.2 Abstract Data Types and Da
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Sec. 1.3 Design Patterns 13Data Typ
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Sec. 1.3 Design Patterns 151.3.3 Co
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Sec. 1.4 Problems, Algorithms, and
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Sec. 1.5 Further Reading 194. It mu
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Sec. 1.6 Exercises 21If you want to
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Sec. 1.6 Exercises 231.12 Imagine t
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Page 46 and 47: Sec. 2.1 Sets and Relations 27examp
Page 48 and 49: Sec. 2.2 Miscellaneous Notation 29x
Page 50 and 51: Sec. 2.3 Logarithms 31positive inte
Page 52 and 53: Sec. 2.4 Summations and Recurrences
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Page 56 and 57: Sec. 2.5 Recursion 37factorial of n
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Page 66 and 67: Sec. 2.7 Estimating 47Example 2.17
Page 68 and 69: Sec. 2.8 Further Reading 49typical
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Page 76 and 77: 3Algorithm AnalysisHow long will it
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Page 98 and 99: Sec. 3.6 Analyzing Problems 79binar
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Page 102 and 103: Sec. 3.9 Space Bounds 83pixel. Assu
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Page 112 and 113: Sec. 3.13 Exercises 93(f) sum = 0;f
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Page 118 and 119: 4Lists, Stacks, and QueuesIf your p
Page 120 and 121: Sec. 4.1 Lists 101The next step is
Page 122 and 123: Sec. 4.1 Lists 103mentations, asser
Page 124 and 125: Sec. 4.1 Lists 105/** Array-based l
Page 126 and 127: Sec. 4.1 Lists 107Insert 23:1312 20
Page 128 and 129: Sec. 4.1 Lists 109currtailheadFigur
Page 130 and 131: Sec. 4.1 Lists 111// Linked list im
Page 132 and 133: Sec. 4.1 Lists 113curr... 23 12 ...
Page 134 and 135: Sec. 4.1 Lists 115// Singly linked
Page 136 and 137: Sec. 4.1 Lists 117determined size.
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Sec. 4.2 Stacks 125/** Stack ADT */
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Sec. 4.2 Stacks 127// Linked stack
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Sec. 4.2 Stacks 129Currptr β 1Curr
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Sec. 4.2 Stacks 131Example 4.3 The
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Sec. 4.3 Queues 133/** Queue ADT */
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Sec. 4.3 Queues 135frontfront20 512
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Sec. 4.3 Queues 137// Array-based q
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Sec. 4.4 Dictionaries 139enqueue pl
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Sec. 4.4 Dictionaries 141Method cle
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Sec. 4.4 Dictionaries 143// Contain
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Sec. 4.4 Dictionaries 145/** Dictio
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Sec. 4.5 Further Reading 1474.5 Fur
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Sec. 4.6 Exercises 149(a) The data
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Sec. 4.7 Projects 1514.3 Use singly
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5Binary TreesThe list representatio
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Sec. 5.1 Definitions and Properties
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Sec. 5.1 Definitions and Properties
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Sec. 5.2 Binary Tree Traversals 159
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Sec. 5.2 Binary Tree Traversals 161
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Sec. 5.3 Binary Tree Node Implement
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Sec. 5.4 Binary Search Trees 171Thi
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Sec. 5.4 Binary Search Trees 173120
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Sec. 5.4 Binary Search Trees 175/**
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Sec. 5.4 Binary Search Trees 177min
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Sec. 5.4 Binary Search Trees 17937
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Sec. 5.5 Heaps and Priority Queues
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Sec. 5.6 Huffman Coding Trees 189Le
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Sec. 5.6 Huffman Coding Trees 191St
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Sec. 5.6 Huffman Coding Trees 193/*
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Sec. 5.6 Huffman Coding Trees 195//
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Sec. 5.6 Huffman Coding Trees 197A
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Sec. 5.8 Exercises 199Many techniqu
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Sec. 5.8 Exercises 2015.19 Write a
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Sec. 5.9 Projects 203(d) The record
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6Non-Binary TreesMany organizations
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Sec. 6.1 General Tree Definitions a
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Sec. 6.2 The Parent Pointer Impleme
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Sec. 6.3 General Tree Implementatio
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Sec. 6.3 General Tree Implementatio
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Sec. 6.4 K-ary Trees 221RRABABCDEFC
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Sec. 6.5 Sequential Tree Implementa
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Sec. 6.5 Sequential Tree Implementa
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Sec. 6.7 Exercises 2276.2 Write an
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Sec. 6.7 Exercises 229CAFBEHGDIFigu
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Sec. 6.8 Projects 231proved perform
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7Internal SortingWe sort many thing
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Sec. 7.2 Three Θ(n 2 ) Sorting Alg
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Sec. 7.3 Shellsort 24559 20 17 13 2
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Sec. 7.4 Mergesort 24736 20 17 13 2
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Sec. 7.5 Quicksort 249static
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Sec. 7.5 Quicksort 251static
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Sec. 7.5 Quicksort 253InitialPass 1
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Sec. 7.5 Quicksort 255The initial c
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Sec. 7.6 Heapsort 257and fast. The
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Sec. 7.7 Binsort and Radix Sort 259
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Sec. 7.8 An Empirical Comparison of
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Sec. 7.9 Lower Bounds for Sorting 2
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Sec. 7.9 Lower Bounds for Sorting 2
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Sec. 7.10 Further Reading 271• A
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Sec. 7.11 Exercises 2737.7 Recall t
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Sec. 7.12 Projects 2757.16 (a) Devi
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Sec. 7.12 Projects 277classmates? W
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280 Chap. 8 File Processing and Ext
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318 Chap. 9 SearchingThis and the f
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320 Chap. 9 Searchingelement in L,
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322 Chap. 9 SearchingThis is equal
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324 Chap. 9 Searching9.2 Self-Organ
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326 Chap. 9 SearchingWhen a frequen
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328 Chap. 9 Searchingand the total
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330 Chap. 9 SearchingThe set differ
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332 Chap. 9 Searchingprobability th
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334 Chap. 9 SearchingExample 9.6 A
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336 Chap. 9 Searchingand the next f
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338 Chap. 9 Searching01HashTable100
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340 Chap. 9 Searching/** Insert rec
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342 Chap. 9 Searching09050090501100
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344 Chap. 9 SearchingExample 9.9 Co
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346 Chap. 9 Searchingproject at the
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348 Chap. 9 SearchingIf N and M are
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350 Chap. 9 SearchingDepending on t
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352 Chap. 9 SearchingBentley et al.
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354 Chap. 9 Searching(c) How many s
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356 Chap. 9 Searching9.5 Implement
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358 Chap. 10 Indexingfile is create
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360 Chap. 10 Indexing1 2003 5894 10
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362 Chap. 10 IndexingSecondaryKeyJo
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364 Chap. 10 Indexingkey value for
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366 Chap. 10 IndexingFigure 10.7 Br
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368 Chap. 10 Indexing/** 2-3 tree n
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370 Chap. 10 Indexing18331223 30 48
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372 Chap. 10 Indexingprivate TTNode
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374 Chap. 10 Indexing24152033 45 48
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376 Chap. 10 Indexingvalues, but th
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378 Chap. 10 Indexing331012 233348
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380 Chap. 10 Indexing4845 4748 50 5
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382 Chap. 10 IndexingAs mentioned e
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384 Chap. 10 Indexing(b) Show the i
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PART IVAdvanced Data Structures387
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390 Chap. 11 Graphs04123147123(a)(b
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392 Chap. 11 Graphs0 1 2 3 40201 11
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394 Chap. 11 GraphsThe adjacency ma
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396 Chap. 11 Graphsedge list. Funct
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398 Chap. 11 Graphspublic int weigh
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400 Chap. 11 Graphs}// Store edge w
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402 Chap. 11 GraphsABABCCDDFFEE(a)(
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404 Chap. 11 Graphs// Breadth first
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406 Chap. 11 GraphsAInitial call to
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408 Chap. 11 Graphsstatic void tops
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410 Chap. 11 Graphs// Compute short
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412 Chap. 11 Graphs// Dijkstra’s
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414 Chap. 11 Graphs// Compute a min
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416 Chap. 11 GraphsMarkedVertices v
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418 Chap. 11 GraphsInitialA B C D E
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420 Chap. 11 Graphs2 511032041032 6
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422 Chap. 11 Graphstriangular matri
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424 Chap. 12 Lists and Arrays Revis
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448 Chap. 13 Advanced Tree Structur
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PART VTheory of Algorithms479
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482 Chap. 14 Analysis Techniquesthi
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484 Chap. 14 Analysis TechniquesExa
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486 Chap. 14 Analysis Techniquesthe
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488 Chap. 14 Analysis Techniquesof
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490 Chap. 14 Analysis TechniquesHow
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492 Chap. 14 Analysis Techniques= 2
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494 Chap. 14 Analysis TechniquesNot
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496 Chap. 14 Analysis Techniquesfro
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498 Chap. 14 Analysis Techniquesbit
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500 Chap. 14 Analysis Techniquesfro
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502 Chap. 14 Analysis Techniques14.
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504 Chap. 14 Analysis Techniques}G.
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15Lower BoundsHow do I know if I ha
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Sec. 15.1 Introduction to Lower Bou
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Sec. 15.2 Lower Bounds on Searching
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Sec. 15.3 Finding the Maximum Value
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Sec. 15.4 Adversarial Lower Bounds
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Sec. 15.4 Adversarial Lower Bounds
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Sec. 15.5 State Space Lower Bounds
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Sec. 15.5 State Space Lower Bounds
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Sec. 15.6 Finding the ith Best Elem
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Sec. 15.7 Optimal Sorting 525search
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Sec. 15.8 Further Reading 527Merge
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Sec. 15.9 Exercises 52915.10 Show t
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16Patterns of AlgorithmsThis chapte
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Sec. 16.1 Dynamic Programming 533dy
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Sec. 16.1 Dynamic Programming 535ar
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Sec. 16.2 Randomized Algorithms 537
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Sec. 16.3 Numerical Algorithms 545e
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Sec. 16.3 Numerical Algorithms 547d
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Sec. 16.3 Numerical Algorithms 549W
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Sec. 16.3 Numerical Algorithms 5511
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Sec. 16.3 Numerical Algorithms 553i
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Sec. 16.3 Numerical Algorithms 555b
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Sec. 16.6 Projects 55716.8 What is
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560 Chap. 17 Limits to Computations
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562 Chap. 17 Limits to Computationf
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564 Chap. 17 Limits to ComputationP
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566 Chap. 17 Limits to Computation[
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568 Chap. 17 Limits to Computation1
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580 Chap. 17 Limits to ComputationB
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586 Chap. 17 Limits to Computation/
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590 Chap. 17 Limits to ComputationI
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592 Chap. 17 Limits to Computationt
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594 BIBLIOGRAPHY[BG00] Sara Baase a
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596 BIBLIOGRAPHY[LLKS85] E.L. Lawle
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598 BIBLIOGRAPHY[WMB99][Zei07]I.H.
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600 INDEXbest fit, see memory manag
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602 INDEXrelation, 27, 50estimating
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604 INDEXinteger representation, 5,
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606 INDEXpath compression, 215-216,
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608 INDEXterminology, 236-237spatia
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A Practical Introduction to Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis

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