2008-2009 Catalog - Virginia Wesleyan College

2008 2009CATALOGB R I N G A S P A R K • L I G H T A F I R E

Correspondence DirectoryInquiries are welcome. You may write or call the College.Mailing address:Virginia Wesleyan CollegeWorld Wide Web1584 Wesleyan Drive http://www.vwc.eduNorfolk, VA 23502-5599Telephone for general information757.455.3200 switchboard 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.General matters concerning the CollegePresident, 757.455.3215Academic AffairsDean of the College757.455.3210Admissions 1-800-737-8684)Vice President for Enrollment Management757.455.3208e-mail: admissions@vwc.eduAdult Studies ProgramDirector of the Adult Studies Program757.455.3263e-mail: asp@vwc.eduAlumni RelationsDirector of Alumni Relations757.455.3298e-mail: alumni@vwc.eduAthleticsDirector of Athletics757.455.3303Business AffairsVice President for Business Affairs757.455.3310e-mail: eaird@vwc.eduFinancial AidDirector of Financial Aid757.455.3345e-mail: finaid@vwc.eduInformation SystemsDirector of Computer Services757.455.3114e-mail: jdmoch@vwc.eduNews, Publications and Campus EventsCollege Communications757.455.3366e-mail: vwcnews@vwc.eduStudent AffairsDean of Students757.455.3273Transcripts and RecordsRegistrar757.455.3358e-mail: reg@vwc.eduVirginia Wesleyan College is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges andSchools to award the degrees of bachelor of arts and of bachelor of science. Inquiries to the Commission on Colleges1866 Southern Lane, Decatur, Georgia 30033-4097 or telephone 404.679.4500 should relate only to theaccreditation status of Virginia Wesleyan and not to general admission information.Non-discrimination PolicyVirginia Wesleyan College admits students of any race, religion, color, creed, gender, national and ethnic origin age, marital status, coveredveteran status, handicap, sexual orientation, or any other legally protected status to all the rights, privileges, programs, and activities generallyaccorded or made available to students at the College. It does not discriminate on the basis of race, religion, color, creed, gender, national orethnic origin, age, marital status, covered veteran status, handicap, sexual orientation, or any other legally protected status in administrationof its educational policies, admission policies, scholarship and loan programs, and athletic and other College-administered programs.

Catalog2008-2009

2Like many of you, I am relatively new to Virginia Wesleyan, having justcompleted my first year here. I suspect that you were drawn to the campusfor the same reasons that attracted me: a warm and intimate campusfeaturing small classes, a dynamic faculty, and an engaging curriculum thatsees character as a central element in academic preparation. Located in oneof the nation’s most vibrant and historic metropolitan areas, VirginiaWesleyan offers a wide array of possibilities for students to serve internshipsand to practice the craft of voluntarism and civic engagement.If you are a new student, you will find it easy to get to know the campusand its people. You will find this book to be an excellent guide to VirginiaWesleyan, inside and outside the classroom. So please read it carefully and refer to it often. But don’t stop there.Please take advantage of this campus’s open doors to ask questions, to make friends, and to createopportunities. And I urge you to become an active campus citizen: get involved in a club, perform with adrama or musical group, play a sport, and attend cultural events.Whether you are a new or returning student, I ask that you please introduce yourself to me. I am anxiousto get to know you, to hear how you are faring, and to help you make your time here academically andpersonally enriching. Make the most of your experience here. Virginia Wesleyan not only will prepare you fora career; it will prepare you for life. Work hard and expect much of yourself. Dream big dreams and let VirginiaWesleyan put you on the path to their realization. To begin, all you need is a spark.Dr. Timothy G. O’RourkeVice Presidentfor Academic Affairs andKenneth R. PerryDean of the CollegeThis catalog is published by Virginia Wesleyan College and contains information concerning campus life, careerpreparation, academic policies, and course offerings. The college reserves the right to make alterations in courseofferings and academic policies without prior notice in order to further the institution’s purpose.The information in the catalog is presented as a guide and is not the offer of a contract. It is not intended to nordoes it contain all policies and regulations that relate to students. Students are expected to familiarize themselves withthe academic policies contained in the catalog. Failure to do so does not excuse students from the requirements andregulations described herein.

College Profile

6 COLLEGE PROFILECOLLEGE PROFILEMission StatementThe mission of Virginia Wesleyan College is toengage students of diverse ages, religions, ethnicorigins and backgrounds in a rigorous liberal artseducation that will prepare them to meet the challenges oflife and career in a complex and rapidly changing world. Inthis endeavor, the College employs a wide range ofapproaches to teaching and learning and providesopportunities to connect the study of the liberal arts withpractical learning experiences on campus, in the HamptonRoads region, and throughout the world. In accord withour United Methodist heritage, Virginia Wesleyan aspiresto be a supportive community that is committed to socialresponsibility, ethical conduct, higher learning, andreligious freedom.Four-Year Graduation GuaranteeVirginia Wesleyan College guarantees that allundergraduate students wishing to graduate in four yearswill be provided necessary courses as required by the collegein the student’s selected major field of study. Any requiredcourses needed beyond four years will be provided to thestudent tuition-free.Entering freshmen wishing to participate in thegraduation guarantee program must complete theguarantee application form upon entry to the college andofficially declare a major before beginning their fallsemester classes at the start of the junior year. Allparticipating students must be qualified to begin collegelevelcourses, have their class schedule approved by theirofficial adviser and register for classes during earlyregistration each semester. They must also meet anyprogram GPA and course, test, and grade requirements asstipulated in the catalog or departmental policy.Students must successfully complete an average courseload of 15 hours each semester (30 hours/year) and remainin good standing at the college. Any course failed or repeatedwill void the guarantee, and any late change in majoroptions may void the guarantee. Students who are interestedin the program should contact the Office of Admissions.The Honor CodeVirginia Wesleyan College is committed to values ofcitizenship and social responsibility fundamental to acommunity of scholars. People who join this academiccommunity agree to maintain academic honesty. Thepurpose of the honor code at Virginia Wesleyan College isto foster an environment of learning based upontrustworthiness and willingness to assume personalresponsibility for honorable behavior. Responsibility forsafeguarding honor and trust belongs to the entire academiccommunity; therefore, students need to assume responsibilityfor honorable behavior in themselves and others. Actsof academic dishonesty, which include cheating, plagiarism,lying, theft, and falsifying data, are violations of the honorcode. Once students become members of the Collegecommunity and are presumed to understand the nature ofsuch violations, they are responsible for avoiding them andfor the consequences if they do not.The honor code offers guidelines for academic conductand disciplinary procedures for infractions of the code. Fora complete statement of the honor code see the StudentHandbook distributed through the Dean of Students’Office.Faculty Advisory SystemPrior to arrival on campus, each freshman is assigned afaculty adviser. Entering students meet with their advisersto work out a schedule of classes prior to registration.Returning students also meet with their advisers prior toregistration.Prior to graduation, a full-time faculty member in thestudent’s major department will certify that the student hascompleted requirements for the major. Therefore, upondeclaring a major you must secure as an academic adviser afull-time faculty member in your major field.Advisers will make every attempt to give effectiveguidance to students in academic matters and to referstudents to those qualified to help them in other matters,but the final responsibility for meeting all academicrequirements for a selected program rests with the student.TranscriptsTranscripts are provided by the Office of the Registrarand are issued only upon the written request of the student.All financial obligations to the college must be met prior tothe release of a transcript.A transcript of work completed at any high school or atany college other than Virginia Wesleyan College must beobtained directly from that institution.Your Rights and ResponsibilitiesFamily Educational Rights andPrivacy Act of 1974All educational records of students enrolled at thecollege are maintained in accordance with the provisions ofthe Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 asAmended. The Act was designed to protect the privacy ofeducational records, to establish the right of students toinspect and review their educational records, and to provideguidelines for the correction of inaccurate or misleadingdata through informal and formal hearings.Student consent is required for the release of recordscovered by the Act to outside parties (i.e., prospectiveemployers), except for those agencies entitled to accessunder the provisions of the Act (i.e., college personnel witha legitimate educational interest, federal education and

COLLEGE PROFILE7auditing officials, and requests related to the application foror receipt of financial assistance.)Any other access must have written authorization fromthe student, with the exception of certain “directoryinformation,” which includes the name, address, andtelephone number of the student, e-mail address, majorfield of study, dates of attendance, degrees, awards andhonors received (including dates), photographic view orelectronic images, and most recent previous educationalagency or institution attended.Students may obtain a copy of the college’s policyconcerning access to educational records from the Office ofthe Registrar.College ProfileThe Heritage of Virginia WesleyanVirginia Wesleyan College is a liberal arts college relatedto The United Methodist Church. Chartered in 1961 andopened in 1966, the college was born into an age ofcomplexity and rapid change and has developed a flexibleeducational program open to innovation in order to meetthe changing needs of today’s students. By design, VirginiaWesleyan is small, believing that the aims of liberaleducation are best achieved in a context where students andfaculty know each other well.The liberal arts and church-related heritages of theCollege complement each other and define the valuesaround which it has been built. The Methodist heritage ofthe college demands openness to truth, not narrowparochialism. The liberal arts were originally so namedbecause they were understood to be liberating, and this stillholds true. The liberal arts focus on the search for humane,social, and scientific principles which, after thoroughexamination, provide the basis for the understanding ofone’s self, of society, and of the world.Virginia Wesleyan seeks to attract students who desire astrong, individualized academic program, who want tostudy matters of concern to them, and who want to beinvolved with other students and professors in creating avital educational experience.The Liberal Arts and CareersWhile liberal arts colleges have traditionally preparedstudents for careers in the professions of teaching, law,business, the ministry, health professions, and the fine arts,Virginia Wesleyan believes that liberal arts studies alsoprovide a proper starting place for numerous otherprofessions. The ability to move upward and laterally in theworld of work frequently depends on the capacity toanalyze, synthesize, make appropriate value judgments,draw conclusions, and communicate results. Thedevelopment of such skills and dispositions is at the veryheart of liberal studies.The College offers approximately 40 majors whichrelate to various careers or to further graduate study. Theseare described later in this catalog.The FacultyAt the heart of the educational experience are thepersons who teach. Virginia Wesleyan has, by design,recruited faculty members whose primary interest andcommitment is to classroom teaching. In addition facultyare engaged in scholarly and artistic activities, andcommunity service. Members of the faculty have earneddegrees from over 140 different colleges and universities,both in the U.S. and abroad. The richness of thiseducational experience is felt in their influence at VirginiaWesleyan.The LibraryHofheimer Library is at the heart of the VirginiaWesleyan campus, both literally and figuratively. It islocated centrally–a minute’s walk from classrooms, dorms,fitness, and dining facilities alike–and provides the highestquality resources and services to meet the research andinformation needs of students, faculty, and staff.Academic resources include an extensive bookcollection, online access to scholarly journals and researchdatabases, individual and collaborative study spaces, a largecomputer lab, and librarians ready to assist students.Advanced research is also supported through interlibraryloan services and cooperative agreements with highereducational institutions both in and outside of theHampton Roads area.In addition to its important role in the academicprogram, the Library’s Starbooks Café, Laptop Lounge, andMarlin Movies collection make it a popular destination forrecreational activities, including relaxing, checking email,and meeting friends.The SettingThe setting of the college complements its dualcommitment to the development of the intellect and toinvolvement in society. Nestled on a 300-acre campus in theheart of Virginia’s largest metropolitan area, the college isphysically insulated from the bustle of the city traffic and yetthe vast resources of this metropolitan area are easilyaccessible. Regardless of your major at Virginia Wesleyan,you are only a few minutes away from a living laboratory.The Norfolk/Virginia Beach area is one of the fastestgrowing urban centers on the Atlantic coast. The college hasdeveloped opportunities for students to bring the theoreticaland practical together in this rich environment.Physical FacilitiesVirginia Wesleyan’s buildings, all constructed since1966, are situated in the midst of expansive lawns,numerous athletic fields, and pleasant woodlands. Thelong-range plan calls for four villages surrounding a centralacademic core. The following complexes and buildings,with completion dates noted, now house the college’sacademic, administrative, and residential functions.

8 COLLEGE PROFILEn Jerry G. Bray, Jr. Village (1966)Residence Halls:Louise W. Eggleston HallAbel E. and Clara Eaton Kellam HallMargarette Hanes Old HallPaul Howard Rose HallAcademic Buildings:Birdsong HallPeter D. Pruden HallAubrey L. Eggleston Commonsn Academic Village IIResidence Halls:East Dormitory (1990):J. Franklin Little Hall (1990)Alison J. and Ella W. Parsons Hall (1990)Walter Clarke Gum Hall (1970)Joseph S. Johnston Hall (1990):Landmark HallWilliam Travis Smithdeal Hall (1970)Academic Buildings (1990):Charles and Bertha Mast Graybeal HallGuy C. and Ora Goodwin Roop HallFloyd E. Kellam Jr. Social Science Center (2002)n Joan and Macon Brock Village (1993)Residence Halls:North HallSouth HallHarry I. and Elizabeth W. Teagle HallApartments and Townhouses (2005)n Fine Arts Building (1966) with the Edward D.Hofheimer Theatre (1981) is home for the college’s finearts offerings in art, music, and theatre. In this complex arelocated art studios, music studios and practice rooms,acting studios, and a multi-media room. The Edward D.Hofheimer Theatre is a versatile facility which serves as asetting for theatrical instruction as well as performance.n Henry Clay Hofheimer II Library (1969) is anattractive building that sits at the center of the campus. Thebuilding houses a variety of academic and informationresources and services to support the College’s liberal artsmission. It also houses the College Archives, as well as astudent art exhibit gallery. The well-equipped computer laband a variety of study, instruction, and work spacescombine to make it a versatile setting where students arefree to engage in scholarly learning and research,collaboration, conversation, reading or just relaxing.n S. Frank and Wilma Williamson Blocker Hallhouses the Science (1970) and Humanities Centers (1988)which have science laboratories, classrooms, the BlockerAuditorium, and faculty offices. The auditorium in thisbuilding is the setting for numerous campus events.n Robert F. and Sara M. Boyd Campus DiningCenter (1991) and related facilities house the collegedining hall, the Alumni Galleria and the private diningareas known as the Shafer Room and the Princess AnneRoom. The college’s collection of memorabilia andpaintings related to the life and ministry of 18th-centuryAnglican cleric John Wesley is on display in this facility.Located adjacent to the dining center are the business officeand campus post office.n Lambuth M. Clarke Hall (1998) reflects the college’scommitment to providing state of the art teachingtechnologies. Teaching spaces, including a tiered classroom,are equipped with features such as computers, videopresenters and interfacing capabilities. The building alsocontains the Adult Studies Office, the LearningResources/Writing Center, the Office of the Registrar, TheCenter for the Study of Religious Freedom, and a 24-hourcomputer laboratory and faculty offices.n Katherine B. and Mills E. Godwin, Jr. Hall (1999)accommodates many of the college’s administrative offices,including the office of the President, Admissions, AlumniRelations, Church Relations, College Communications,Development, Financial Aid and Dean of Students.n Jane P. Batten Student Center (2002) featuresCunningham Gymnasium, a multi-activity athletic center;Scribners, the college Bookstore; a 39-foot high climbingwall; NCAA regulation pool; indoor running track; andconvocation center that serves as the home court for themen’s and women’s basketball teams. Many student servicesand athletic offices are housed in the Batten Center as wellas Communications laboratory space and Recreation andLeisure Services faculty offices.n Women of Wesleyan Greenhouse (1974) providesa laboratory for courses in botany and contains numerousunusual plants.n Frank E. Brown Campanile (1975) is a campuslandmark which symbolizes the institution’s Christianheritage as well as its dedication to the continuous searchfor truth.n Monumental Chapel (1975) is the site of a variety oflectures, campus and community meetings, and worshipservices. The Monumental Chapel and Frank E. Brown BellTower are included in the Council of Independent College’sHistoric Campus Architecture Project.n Penzold Tennis Center (1977) contains six tenniscourts, two of which are lighted.n Trinder Soccer-Lacrosse Center (1996) withFoster Field (1996) is the home of the College’s soccerand lacrosse programs. The Center includes locker rooms,restrooms, an athletic training room, concessions stand andpress box. Foster Field has bleacher seating for 1,000spectators. Lights were added to the facility in 2003.n Maintenance Building (1993) houses the physicalplant operations and storage facilities for the college.

Admission

10ADMISSIONADMISSIONAdmission to Virginia Wesleyan College is basedsolely on the applicant’s academic and personalqualifications. Virginia Wesleyan College admits andseeks to enroll students from a variety of social, religious,racial, economic, and geographic backgrounds. The collegedoes not discriminate on the basis of race, religion,handicap, sex, nationality, or ethnic origin.Application materials and detailed admissions informationare available from the Office of Admissions. Weencourage high school students to apply in the fall of theirsenior year, and transfer students may apply in either thefall or spring semesters. The Admissions Committee willbegin to review completed applications in October for highschool students, and applicants can expect to receiveadmissions notification within three weeks after theirapplications have been made complete. All high schoolapplicants accepted for admission are expected to satisfactorilycomplete their senior year of high school work,and all applicants are required to present a satisfactorymedical report prior to enrollment. The college employs arolling admissions process, however, March 1 is thepreferred application deadline for admission in the fallsemester, and December 1 is the preferred applicationdeadline for entry in the spring semester. Applicationswill continue to be accepted after those deadlinesdepending on availability of space.Although a personal interview is not specificallyrequired, we encourage interested students to visit thecampus and talk with an admissions counselor. You maycall us at 1-800-737-8684 or locally at 757-455-3208 toschedule a time that is convenient for you to meet with us.Admission for High School StudentsPreparation: The Admissions Committee believes thathigh school students who present a strong academicprogram of at least 16 solid high school units have a greaterchance for success in meeting the requirements of theVirginia Wesleyan College curriculum. Accordingly, thepattern of courses offered by each applicant is important inconsideration of the application. The secondary schoolprogram should include at least four academic courses eachyear. Because course offerings vary within the secondaryschools, however, the committee does not attempt tospecify all courses, but recommends that the following 12units be included as a minimum in the high school programfor each applicant:English 4Foreign Language 2 (in one language)Algebra 2Geometry 1History 1Science 2Additional units should be elected from areas of studysimilar to those above.Applicants whose secondary school program issomewhat irregular will not be denied consideration foradmission; records of such students, however, should reflecthigh achievement and aptitude.Admission for Home School StudentsVirginia Wesleyan College eagerly seeks qualifiedstudents who have completed a four-year secondary schoolprogram that meets the general requirements in thefollowing areas:EnglishForeign LanguageAlgebraGeometryHistoryScienceAdditional coursework should be elected from areas ofstudy similar to those above. In some cases, a syllabus maybe requested as part of a student transcript to ensure thatthe Admissions Committee makes proper and consistentadmissions decisions.Home school students are encouraged to apply toVirginia Wesleyan College, as the learning environment oncampus can make for a comfortable transition from theunique “home school” experience. The college feels that theindividual attention given by professors, the small studentto faculty ratio, and the experiential learning that is offeredin the curriculum would greatly enhance that which thehome school student has already undergone for four ormore years.If you would like to speak to an admissions counselorabout college life after home school, you may call theAdmissions Office at 800-737-8684 or 757-455-3208.Credentials Required:1. A completed application for admission form andapplication fee of $40.00. This fee is not refundable.2. An official transcript of the secondary school record,or home school documentation.3. Recommendation from school official.4. An official record of scores on the ScholasticAssessment Tests (SAT I) of the College EntranceExamination Board (CEEB). American CollegeTesting (ACT) Program scores may be presented bystudents who have not found it possible to take theSAT I. Each applicant is responsible for arranging totake the tests and for requesting CEEB or ACT officesto send Virginia Wesleyan College the results of alltests taken. Students whose first language is one otherthan English should submit scores from the Test ofEnglish as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). VirginiaWesleyan’s CEEB code is 5867.5. While it is not required, we encourage new freshmento take the SAT II: Writing Test. We use the results ofthe test to assist in early advisement and placement asyou register for classes the semester before you arrive.Placement tests are also available for students as wedetermine the appropriate beginning classes at VWC.

ADMISSION 11Admission for Transfer StudentsFor admission by transfer from another regionallyaccredited institution, students must submit a completedApplication for Admission, a $40.00 application fee (nonrefundable),and credentials as indicated below:1. Applicants who have not successfully completed theirfirst 12 semester hours of college work:A. An official transcript of college record and anofficial transcript of high school record includingSAT I or ACT scores.B. Statement of good standing from the appropriateofficial at the college last attended.2. Applicants who have successfully completed 12 ormore semester hours of college work:A. High school diploma or GED necessary for receiptof federal financial assistance.B. An official transcript of college record.C. Statement of good standing from the appropriateofficial at the college last attended.A.A., A.S. or A.A.S. degrees earned from the VirginiaCommunity College System are accepted in fulfillment of asignificant portion of Virginia Wesleyan’s four-year generalstudies program. Community college courses that fitVWC’s general studies and other graduation requirementswill be carefully evaluated to provide maximum transfercredit.The transcript of courses taken at another collegeshould reflect a high quality of work. No credit istransferable for work below C grade (2.0) or for failinggrades earned under a system of evaluation equivalent tothe pass/fail concept. Credit awarded must be equivalent tocourses offered at Virginia Wesleyan or logical extensionsthereof. Students may not transfer more than a total of 64semester hours from two-year institutions. A 2.5cumulative grade point average is required for admission tothe Professional Education Program.Special consideration is given to applicants over 23 yearsof age and to veterans of military service.Internal Transfer: Sometimes changes in a student’scircumstances or goals may make it necessary to transferinternally between the day program and the Adult StudiesProgram. Although the college does not permit repeatedswitching between the two programs, a process existswhereby a student may apply for an internal transfer.Interested students should contact either the AdmissionsOffice or the Adult Studies Office. Provisional acceptance isat the discretion of the dean of admissions.Veterans: Virginia Wesleyan is fully approved by theCommonwealth of Virginia to offer college work if youqualify for veterans’ benefits. Your records will be reviewedin order to determine whether training you received inmilitary service will qualify for college credit. You shouldpresent your credentials at the time of application foradmission. If you have a high school diploma or itsequivalent, you are assured admission as a veteran. If youhave attended another college, you will be considered as atransfer student.International Students: Virginia Wesleyan Collegeencourages applications from qualified internationalstudents. If you are not a resident of the United States, yourapplication will be considered on the basis of performancein your educational system and on the quality ofachievement throughout the final four years of academicwork in high school.Applications for international students should besubmitted by June 1. Along with a completed application,international students are required to submit the following:1. A TOEFL score* of at least 550 for the written testand 213 for the computer-based test.2. A transcript of grades from high school in English.3. A recommendation from a high school officialwritten in English.*The college expects all international students to be proficient inthe English language. Students whose native language is notEnglish must take the TOEFL (Test of English as a ForeignLanguage) to be considered for admission to the college.Immigration laws require that all international studentsbe prepared to assume financial responsibility for theireducational and living expenses. For exceptionalinternational students who have outstanding academicrecords in their home countries and have taken the U.S.SAT exam, an application for an Academic or LeadershipScholarship may be submitted to the Admissions Office.The scholarships are awarded based on the TOEFL score,SAT score, transcripts from high school, and scholarshipessays. If you feel that you may qualify for one of thesescholarships, please contact the Admissions Office for moredetails.Early Admission: Numbers of high schools have enrichedand accelerated their programs to the extent that somestudents are capable of benefitting from early admission tothe college. Virginia Wesleyan College enrolls a smallnumber of outstanding high school students in appropriateclasses. If you feel that you may qualify, you should contactthe Admissions Office for an interview. Due to federalfinancial aid regulations, students who do not have a highschool diploma or equivalent will not be considered forfederal financial assistance.Special Students: If you wish to take classes but are nota candidate for a degree at Virginia Wesleyan, you areclassified as a special student. Fees for students who aretaking the classes for academic credit are the same as fees forregular students. Students seeking transfer credit may berequired to submit academic credentials or certification ofgood standing at the current institution.A student who is auditing a class will receive a reducedrate. Special students may complete applications in advancebut must wait for other students to register before they areallowed to register. A special student who decides tobecome a degree-seeking student must reapply foracceptance as a regular student.Health Forms: Entering students are required to submita completed health form prior to enrollment in the college.

12ADMISSIONThese forms must be received by the Health Services Officeat least one month before the student arrives on thecampus. Students will not be allowed to register without ahealth form on file.Campus Visits: You are encouraged to visit our campusfor a tour and interview. As a service to visitors, the AdmissionsOffice provides daily guided tours of the campus.Tours are regularly scheduled for 9:30 a.m., 11:30 a.m.,1:30 p.m., and 3:00 p.m. Since numbers of prospectivestudents request tours, it is recommended that you notifythe Admissions Office in advance of the date on which youplan to visit the campus. The Admissions Office is open8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. on weekdays and to 4:00 p.m. in thesummer. We can schedule a visit for you on most Saturdaymornings during the academic year as well. Applicationforms and specific information pertaining to the collegecurriculum and to the process of admission to VirginiaWesleyan College may be obtained by writing to: Office ofAdmissions, Virginia Wesleyan College, 1584 WesleyanDrive, Norfolk/Virginia Beach, VA 23502-5599 or bycalling 757-455-3208 or 800-737-8684. You may also visitus via our home page on the World Wide Web atwww.vwc.edu or contact us via e-mail at admissions@vwc.edu.College-Level Examination Program (CLEP): Youmay apply for credit in disciplines in which you havedemonstrated proficiency through successful completion ofCLEP examinations.Credit may be earned through both the generalexaminations and the subject examinations if the requiredCLEP score is obtained. In the subject examinations, creditis awarded only in those areas applicable to the VWCcurriculum. CLEP examinations must be approved forcurrent students prior to testing. Additional informationcan be obtained from the Registrar’s homepage. Seewww.vwc.edu/academics/registrar.Advanced Placement: Virginia Wesleyan generallygrants college credit for a score of three or better on theAdvanced Placement Exams of the College EntranceExamination Board. These are normally consideredintroductory-level courses for new students at the College.Credit will not be awarded for both College BoardAdvanced Placement and IB exams in the same subject.(See chart on the following page.)International Baccalaureate: Virginia Wesleyan grantsplacement and/or credit for Higher Level examinationswith a minimum score of 5 in the InternationalBaccalaureate (IB) program. The table below lists courseswhich have been reviewed by academic departments.Additional IB courses not listed here will be reviewed asnecessary. Credit will not be awarded for both IB andCollege Board Advanced Placement exams in the samesubject. No credit is awarded for Subsidiary Levelexaminations.IB EXAM SCOREVWC EQUIVALENT SEM.COURSE(S)HRS.Biology 5 BIO 131 46, 7 BIO 131, 132 8Chemistry 5 CHEM 117 46, 7 CHEM 117, 118 8Computer 5 CS 202, elective 6Science 6, 7 CS 202, 207, elective 9Mathematics 5 MATH 135, 136 66, 7 MATH 135, 136, 172 9Physics C 4* PHYS 221 45* PHYS 221, 222 8*With 5 inmathematics (HL)

Financial Information

16 FINANCIAL INFORMATIONFINANCIAL INFORMATIONTuition and FeesTuition and other expenses at Virginia WesleyanCollege are held to a minimum commensuratewith providing quality education and a fiscallyresponsible operation. In general, the tuition and fees paidby an individual student do not cover the actual costs forthat individual’s education. Grants and gifts received by thecollege through the generosity of The United MethodistChurch, foundations, friends, and others help to reduce thedifference between income and costs. Basic tuition and feesfor students entering the college for the academic year2008-2009 are as follows:Tuition $25,938.00Double Roomand Meals* $ 7,100.00Single Room $ 300.00 additional chargeDamage Deposit $ 150.00Student Activity Fee $ 200.00Technology Fee $ 300.00*Cost of rooms in East, Johnson, Village III, apartments andtownhouses is higher.Cost for Part-time Enrollment and Course Overloads:Tuition costs for students enrolled for less than 12semester hours per semester are computed at $1,081.00 perhour. When students are enrolled for an excess of 18semester hours at the conclusion of the add/drop period ofa given semester the same charge applies for each hour inexcess of 18.Occasional Fees: Students who enroll in certain courseswill be charged a materials fee as listed for each course.Those who enroll for applied music also incur additionalcharges for private lessons.In cases where damage to college property occurs, thestudent(s) involved will be charged a fee to cover repairs orreplacement.Payment of Tuition and FeesThe College bills students for tuition, room and mealseach semester. The charges for the fall semester are due andpayable not later than July 25 and the spring semestercharges are due and payable not later than November 28,2008. Miscellaneous charges are due in full when billed.Advance registration schedules may be deleted forcontinuing students who have not taken care of theirfinancial arrangements as noted above. First-time studentswho have not completed their financial arrangements willbe delayed in being processed for registration. Students maynot attend classes until the proper arrangements have beenmade. The schedule for payment is as follows:1. Resident Student (double room)April 17 $ 500.00July 27 16,669.00November 28 16,519.002. Commuter StudentApril 17 $ 300.00July 27 13,169.00November 28 12,969.00Refund Policy: Since the college must make commitmentsfor the entire year, the tuition and room deposits arenon-refundable, and no refund, rebate or reduction of feeswill be made because of late entrance or withdrawal fromcourses. Students who completely withdraw from thecollege may receive partial refund in accordance with theschedule below.Administrative Withdrawal for Non-Attendance:Students who register for a semester (fall or spring) ofcourse work, but do not attend class sessions of any of thosecourses during the first two full weeks of the semester willbe withdrawn from the College administratively andnotified of that action by a letter sent to both home andcampus addresses. These students will be responsible for50% of tuition and room charges.This does not apply to students who attend somecourses but not all. They will remain enrolled in the Collegeand will receive a grade in courses in which they did notattend but from which they did not formally drop. Thestudent will be responsible for all charges of tuition and feesfor those courses.Students who withdraw or have not attendedclasses for which they registered: The Financial AidOffice is required by federal statute to recalculate federalfinancial aid eligibility for students who withdraw, dropout, are dismissed, or take a leave of absence prior tocompleting 60% of a payment period or term. The federalTitle IV financial aid programs must be recalculated inthese situations.If a student leaves the institution prior to completing60% of a payment period or term, the financial aid officerecalculates eligibility for Title IV funds. Recalculation isbased on the percentage of earned aid using the followingFederal Return of Title IV funds formula:Percentage of payment period or term completed = thenumber of days completed up to the withdrawal datedivided by the total days in the payment period or term.(Any break of five days or more is not counted as part of thedays in the term.) This percentage is also the percentage ofearned aid.Funds are returned to the appropriate federal programbased on the percentage of unearned aid using the followingformula:Aid to be returned = (100% of the aid that could bedisbursed minus the percentage of earned aid) multipliedby the total amount of aid that could have been disbursedduring the payment period or term.If a student earned less aid than was disbursed, theinstitution would be required to return a portion of thefunds and the student would be required to return aportion of the funds. Keep in mind that when Title IV

FINANCIAL INFORMATION17funds are returned, the student borrower may owe a debitbalance to the institution.If a student earned more aid than was disbursed tohim/her, the institution would owe the student a postwithdrawaldisbursement which must be paid within 120days of the student’s withdrawal.The institution must return the amount of Title IVfunds for which it is responsible no later than 45 days afterthe date of the determination of the date of the student’swithdrawal.Refunds are allocated in the following order:• Unsubsidized Federal Stafford Loans• Subsidized Federal Stafford Loans• Unsubsidized Direct Stafford Loans (other thanPLUS loans)• Subsidized Direct Stafford Loans• Federal Perkins Loans• Federal Parent (PLUS) Loans• Direct PLUS Loans• Federal Pell Grants for which a Return of funds isrequired• Federal Supplemental Opportunity Grants forwhich a Return of funds is required• Other assistance under this Title for which a Returnof funds is required (e.g., LEAP)Financial AidVirginia Wesleyan believes that no student who wishesto attend Wesleyan should be denied the opportunitybecause of limited financial resources. The Director ofFinancial Aid is available to counsel with you and yourfamily regarding financial planning.If you demonstrate financial need, you may qualify forgrants, low-interest loans, and work-study. Financial need isdetermined after an analysis of the Free Application forFederal Student Aid (FAFSA). To be considered forfinancial aid, you need to submit the FAFSA, which isavailable at www.FAFSA.ED.GOV or from your guidancecounselor or the college. Financial aid is granted on anannual basis and your need is re-evaluated each year. Firstpreference is given to applicants who meet the March 1priority mailing deadline.Virginia Wesleyan also offers academic scholarships,without regard to need, to entering new and transferstudents with outstanding academic records.Aid Programs:Academic Competitiveness Grant (ACG)Pell eligible freshmen and sophomores based on needand academic performance.National Science and Mathematics Access to RetainTalent Grant (SMART)Pell eligible Juniors and Seniors based on GPA andspecific fields of study.Federal Pell GrantAmount — $523-$4,731 grant (2008-2009)Eligibility — Demonstrated needFederal Supplemental EducationalOpportunity Grant (FSEOG)Amount — $200-$2,000 grantEligibility — Demonstrated needFederal Work-Study (FWS)Amount — $1,000-$1,500 awardEligibility — Demonstrated needFederal Perkins LoanAmount — $200-$3,000 loanEligibility — Demonstrated needFederal Stafford Student Loan ProgramsSubsidizedAmount — $200-$5,500 loanEligibility — Demonstrated needFiling dates — May 1-August 1UnsubsidizedAmount — $200-$5,500 loanEligibility — No need requirementFiling dates — May 1-August 1Virginia Tuition Assistance Grant (VTAG)Application — VTAG applicationfrom Virginia WesleyanAmount — $3,200 (2008-2009)(Amount subject to change)Eligibility — No need requirement;Virginia domiciliary requirementCollege Scholarship Assistance Program (CSAP)Amount — $1,000-$2,000 grantEligibility — Demonstrated need;Virginia domiciliary requirementVWC Merit Scholarships:Wesleyan ScholarsApplication — Wesleyan Scholar CompetitionFiling deadline — January 1Amount — Up to full comprehensive fees forfour yearsEligibility — No need requirement; based onacademic credentials, essays,and interviewsPresidential ScholarshipApplication — VWC Admission ApplicationFiling deadline — March 15Eligibility — No need requirement; based onacademic achievement,SAT scores, GPAAcademic Dean ScholarshipApplication — VWC Admission ApplicationFiling deadline — March 15Eligibility — No need requirement; basedon academic achievement,SAT scores, GPALeadership ScholarshipApplication — VWC Admission ApplicationFiling deadline — March 15Eligibility — No need requirement; based ondocumented leadership activities inschool and community

18 FINANCIAL INFORMATIONTransfer ScholarshipsApplication — VWC Admission ApplicationAmount — VariesEligibility — No need requirement; based onacademic achievementPhi Theta Kappa ScholarshipApplication — VWC Admission ApplicationAmount — VariesEligibility — Member of Phi Theta Kappa3.0 GPA and at least 24 transferablesemester hours.Number of scholarships awardedvary each year. Amount ofscholarship award varies with GPAand semester hours completed.Christian Service Cancelable LoanApplication — Christian Service Agreement/Promissory noteAmount — Up to half-tuition for 8 semesters.Eligibility — No need requirement; UnitedMethodists of Virginia Conference;intend to prepare for full-timeChristian Service position; full-timeenrollment in day program.Sons/Daughters and Spouses of ClergyApplication — VWC Admission ApplicationAmount — Up to half-tuition grant for eightsemestersEligibility — No need requirement; dependentsons and daughters as well as spousesof United Methodist Clergy of theVirginia Conference; full-timeenrollment in day program.Satisfactory Academic ProgressStandard for Financial Aid EligibilityAll continuing students must be making satisfactoryacademic progress to be considered for financial assistance.Financial assistance includes Pell Grants, SupplementalGrants, Federal Work Study, Perkins Loans, Stafford Loans,and PLUS Loans. It also includes institutional funds suchas faculty and staff tuition remissions, ministers’ dependentgrants, Christian Service loans, need-based grants, etc.Full-Time Students• Full-time students will be allowed six academic years(one academic year is two semesters plus one summer)in which to complete the baccalaureate degree.• Full-time students must earn a minimum of 20 hoursin any single year (fall, spring, summer).• Full-time students must also maintain an acceptablequality point ratio as follows: a student classified as afreshman must have a minimum cumulative gradepointaverage of 1.6; sophomore, 1.8; junior, 2.0; anda senior, 2.0.A student whose cumulative grade-point average isbelow the minimum will be considered to be makingsatisfactory progress if the required number of credit hoursis earned and a minimum grade-point average of 2.0 ismaintained for the immediate past semester.Students must be progressing toward a degree in asatisfactory manner. This is defined as having earnedapproximately one-sixth of required hours after oneacademic year, two-sixths after two years, etc., progressingat one-sixth minimum completion of graduation requirementseach year.Part-Time StudentsPart-time students are expected to progress at proportionatelythe same rate as full-time students, and will belimited to 12 academic years of aid eligibility.Transfer StudentsThe satisfactory progress of transfer students will bebased on the student’s class status at the time of enrollmentat Virginia Wesleyan College. Total enrollment at allinstitutions is limited to six years of full-time enrollment.Previous enrollment will be assessed only on the hourstransferred for credit to Virginia Wesleyan College.ProbationAt the end of each semester, the student receivingfinancial assistance will be evaluated for satisfactoryacademic progress. If the student is not maintainingsatisfactory progress he/she will be mailed a warning letterand will be on probation for the following semester.Suspension of AidA student currently on probation and not makingsatisfactory progress at the end of the spring semester willreceive a letter indicating termination of financial assistancefor the following semester. He/she may use the summersession or next semester without aid to regain eligibility. Byfulfilling the grade-point average and credit-hourrequirements, the student will be eligible to receive aid forthe following semester.AppealsStudents who believe special circumstances determinedtheir unsatisfactory progress may appeal their suspension ofaid. This is done by writing a letter of appeal to theFinancial Aid Committee, c/o the Financial Aid Office. Thewritten request must contain an explanation as to why thestudent did not meet the minimum standards plus reasonsthe student believes he/she can achieve those standards inthe future. The Financial Aid Committee will review thecase, document the decision reached, and notify the studentin a timely manner.

Plan of Study

20PLAN OF STUDYPLAN OF STUDYThe EducationalProgramAsound education which prepares students foreffective living must have qualities of breadth,depth, and flexibility.This is an era which requires specialists in manyareas, but the times demand individuals who have theability to understand their disciplines in the context of thewide-ranging needs of a free society and in relation to thefuture. In other words, this is an era which calls for personswho have breadth of understanding and insight. Suchpersons not only are better prepared to meet the needs of arapidly changing society, but are prepared to respondcreatively to numerous opportunities for personalenrichment. The general studies requirements in VirginiaWesleyan’s education program speak particularly to theneed for breadth.A person who is liberally educated has experienced thediscipline of mastering a particular field of knowledge ordiscipline. Virginia Wesleyan’s curriculum offers theadvantage of uniting breadth with depth by combininggeneral studies with intensified studies in a special field. Bythe end of their sophomore year, students select a majorfrom one of numerous fields.A strong liberal arts program has flexibility which allowsstudents to choose courses which add to the dimension ofbreadth provided in general studies, and which may alsosupplement the dimension of depth provided by theirmajor. Approximately one-third of the courses which youwill take are elective. You will also find that you have manychoices in selecting courses which will fulfill general studiesrequirements. You are urged to work closely with yourfaculty adviser in developing your personal educationalgoals and to exercise widely your powers of choice inselecting the courses which will best fulfill these goals.The Baccalaureate DegreeThe liberal arts program at Virginia Wesleyan Collegeoffers a bachelor of arts degree and a bachelor of sciencedegree with numerous options for majors in humanities,sciences, and social sciences. Students successfully carryingthe normal course load of 15 semester hours can expect tograduate after eight semesters. The specific requirements forgraduation are listed on the following pages. See the tablebelow for a list of majors and degrees offered:Majors and Degrees BA BSAmerican StudiesArtXBiology X XChemistryXClassical StudiesXCommunicationsXComputer ScienceXCriminal JusticeXEarth and Environmental Sciences X XEnglishXEnvironmental StudiesXForeign Languages and Literatures XFrenchXGermanXHealth and Human ServicesXHistoryXHumanitiesXIndividualizedXInterdivisionalXInternational StudiesXLatinXLiberal Arts Management Program XLiberal StudiesXMathematics X XMusicXNatural Sciences and Mathematics XPhilosophyXPolitical ScienceXPsychologyXRecreation and Leisure StudiesXReligious StudiesXSocial SciencesXSocial StudiesXSociologyXSpanishXTheatreXTheatre and EnglishXWomen’s and Gender StudiesXX

PLAN OF STUDY 21Additional Baccalaureate DegreeStudents may earn a maximum of one B.A. and one B.S.at Virginia Wesleyan by fulfilling the requirements of eachof the two degrees, either separately or concurrently, andmust present a minimum of 30 additional semester hours(beyond the first degree) in residence for the second degree.Of the additional 30 hours, at least 24 must be at the upperlevel and at least 18 must be in the major area. These 30semester hours must be traditionally graded. A studentpursuing concurrent degrees at VWC must earn aminimum of 150 semester hours. The grade point averageof a second degree, which is not earned concurrently, will beseparate from the grade point average of the initial degree.A degree cannot be earned by combining partialrequirements from a B.A. with partial requirements from aB.S. nor can a second degree be awarded with a major in thesame rubric as in the first degree. Graduation requirementsand limitations are the same for both baccalaureate degreesand may serve to fulfill the requirements of both degrees.All requirements in effect at the time of graduation must besatisfied. All holders of a bachelor’s degree will be subject tothe academic requirements and regulations for seniors.Such students will be eligible for scholastic awards andrecognition including Dean’s List, Honorable Mention List,and honor societies. Candidates for Latin honors must earna minimum of 60 semester hours at VWC.If in the judgment of the faculty in the major area, theearlier work of a student does not adequately cover morerecent advances or needs in the field, the student may berequired to repeat certain courses or otherwise make up thedeficiency. These requirements should be established at anearly date and must have the approval of the division chairin the major and be on file with the Office of the Registrar.Divisional StructureVirginia Wesleyan’s academic program is administeredthrough the Division of Humanities, the Division ofNatural Sciences and Mathematics, and the Division ofSocial Sciences. The divisional structure affordsopportunities for interdisciplinary communication andaction not normally afforded by a departmental structure.The disciplines included in each of the divisions are:The Division of HumanitiesArt/Art HistoryClassicsCommunicationsEnglishFrenchGermanHistoryJournalismMusicPhilosophyReligious StudiesSpanishTheatreThe Division of Natural Sciencesand MathematicsBiologyChemistryComputer ScienceEarth and Environmental SciencesEnvironmental StudiesMathematicsPhysicsThe Division of Social SciencesEducation/Special EducationGeographyHealth and Human ServicesHistoryManagement, Business, and EconomicsPolitical SciencePsychologyRecreation and Leisure StudiesSociology and Criminal JusticeAn Individualized Academic Program: Convincedthat students have differing needs, Virginia Wesleyan hasdesigned a flexible academic program. Approximatelyone-third of your courses will consist of general studiesrequirements, one-third will be electives, and approximatelyone-third will be in your major. In the case of interdisciplinarymajors more hours are normally given tofulfilling major requirements. Within the framework ofrequirements described below, you are encouraged to workwith your faculty adviser in designing a program of studieswhich will meet your particular needs.While the major responsibility for getting fully involvedin the academic program rests with you, the interchangewhich takes place between you and your instructors is avery important part of the learning process. Because thecampus is small, and because of their interest in students,you will find that faculty members are generally accessibleto you.GraduationRequirementsThe Program of General StudiesThe General Studies curriculum at Virginia Wesleyan isdesigned to enable each student to acquire basicproficiencies in and access to various modes of knowingwhich contribute to becoming a self-sufficient learner. Theprogram contains the following requirements:1. English (7 sem. hrs.)Students fulfill the two-semester English requirementby completing English 105 during their firstsemester and by completing a 200-level literaturecourse or the equivalent by the end of theirsophomore year. To complete the English 105requirement, students must pass the course with a“C” or better. Once they have completed the English105 requirement, students are eligible to enroll in a

22PLAN OF STUDYsophomore-level literature and writing course.Many, but not all, 200-level English courses fulfillthis requirement with prior consent from theinstructor. Selected upper-division literature coursesmay also fulfill this requirement and may be suitablefor students with greater than average priorexperience with literature and writing.2. Mathematics (competence in collegealgebra)Students may demonstrate proficiency in algebrain one of the following ways: 1) a passing score onthe algebra proficiency exam: 2) successfulcompletion of MATH 104 or a higher level MATHcourse, depending on placement; or 3) transfercredit for MATH 104, or higher. Students who musttake a mathematics course in order to demonstratequantitative proficiency should register for theappropriate course within their first three semestersat Virginia Wesleyan. In addition, they shall, ifnecessary, continue to register for a mathematicscourse each subsequent semester until themathematics requirement is fulfilled.3. Foreign Language (up to 14 sem. hrs.,dependent on placement)As a condition for graduation, all students mustdemonstrate proficiency in French, German, Latin,or Spanish either by successfully completing coursework through the 212 course or through exemptionfor foreign language at the high school level asdescribed below.* Incoming students will receive acourse placement recommendation from the ForeignLanguages and Literatures Department when theycome to campus during orientation. Thedepartment strongly recommends that studentsrequiring further language study enroll in therecommended course for their first semester.Incoming transfer students transferring in fewerthan 60 semester hours and who have not met theplacement exemption standards of the college mustcomplete the full language proficiency requirementof the college (completion of the 212-level course.)Students who transfer in 60 semester hours or moreprior to enrolling at Virginia Wesleyan are requiredto complete only two semesters in one of theseforeign languages.*Adult Studies Program (ASP) students should refer to“Degree Requirements” in the “Adult Studies Program”section of the catalog.4. Laboratory Science (4 sem. hrs.)All students must successfully complete alaboratory science course in the Division of NaturalSciences and Mathematics. In courses where thelecture and lab portions of the course constituteseparate enrollments (i.e., a three semester hourlecture and a 1 semester hour lab), the lab mustcorrespond with the lecture course. Students whofail either section of a 3/1 lab course must retake thefailed section to satisfy the lab science requirement.Several lab science courses also count toward theEmpirical Knowledge (E) requirement describedbelow. In such cases, “double dipping” is notpermitted. A student who passes a lab/E course andhas not yet satisfied the lab science requirement willreceive General Studies credit only for the labscience requirement, not the E. If a student passes alab/E course after having already satisfied the labscience requirement, the course will then counttoward the E requirement. If a student passes thelecture section of a lab/E course but not the labsection, the three semester hour lecture section willsatisfy the E requirement but not the lab sciencerequirement.5. Writing Intensive courses (6 courses)All students must successfully complete sixcourses designated as Writing Intensive (W) courses.Writing Intensive courses work to improve overallwriting ability as well as teach the standards ofacademic and professional writing within theirrespective disciplines. No more than six and nofewer than two Writing Intensive courses arerequired of every Virginia Wesleyan student. Thenumber of Writing Intensive courses required oftransfer students will be determined at the time oftheir initial enrollment by the number of hourstransferred as follows:INITIAL SEM. HRS. “W” WRITINGTRANSFERREDCOURSESTO VWCREQUIRED1-20 621-40 541-60 461-80 381+ 26. Frames of Reference (6 courses)Students are required to complete one course ineach of the following six Frames of Referencecategories:a. Aesthetic Understanding (A)b. Communication (C)c. Empirical Knowledge (E)d. Historical Perspectives (H)e. Institutional and Cultural Systems (S)f. Ethical Values and Faith Perspectives (V)More than one Frames of Reference course maybe taken per semester, and a course used to fulfill aFrames of Reference requirement may also be usedto meet a major or minor requirement. Students areencouraged to begin taking Frames of Referencecourses during their freshman year. Completedescriptions and goals of each of the Frames ofReference are listed below.7. Senior Integrative Experience (I)The Senior Integrative Experience is a 400-levelcourse designed to provide integrative study in aspecific discipline, based on the Frames of Reference

PLAN OF STUDY 23distribution listed above. As with Frames ofReference courses, a course used to fulfill the SeniorIntegrative Experience requirement may also be usedto meet a major or minor requirement. SeniorIntegrative Experience courses are only available tostudents who have completed (or will completebefore the course begins) at least 75 semester hourstoward graduation and who have, in the judgmentof the individual student’s adviser, completed mostof VWC’s General Studies requirements.See course listings in this catalog and online for agiven semester to identify courses which fulfill thisrequirement.8. The Divisional RequirementAmong the courses used to satisfy the GeneralStudies program, a minimum of three semesterhours must be completed successfully in each of thecollege’s three academic divisions: Humanities,Natural Sciences and Mathematics, and SocialSciences.The Frames of Reference and SeniorIntegrative ExperienceAesthetic UnderstandingCourses bearing the Aesthetic Understanding (A)designation explore visual art, music, theatre and film.These courses provide students with the opportunity tounderstand our cultural heritage as expressed in worksof artistic expression created by others and/or to createthese kinds of works themselves. Students study thecreative process itself in order better to understand andevaluate works intended to provoke an aestheticresponse.Goals:• To become acquainted with major achievements inthe arts.• To explore the cultural and historical context ofartistic achievements.• To learn techniques for critical analysis andappreciation of works of art.• To acquire an appropriate vocabulary with whichto articulate this knowledge.• (In classes focusing on creative experience) Tolearn the techniques, discipline, and value ofcreating works intended to evoke an aestheticresponse.CommunicationCourses bearing the Communication (C) designationfocus on the processes and systems of language, verbal ornon-verbal. Students will pay particular attention tosigns and symbols, the nature and transfer of meaning,channels or carriers of communication and theirrelation to society, and fundamentals of rhetoric. Thesecourses will help students understand the encoding anddecoding of symbol systems in order to effectivelycommunicate to various audiences.Goals:• To develop an awareness of the processes andsystems of interpersonal, group or masscommunication.• To understand several of the formal expressivepatterns through which humans have attempted toconvey meanings.• To evaluate the quality of evidence, negotiateconflicting positions, and analyze the effectivenessof a text’s approach.• To understand the rhetorical concerns of communication,including audience expectations andappropriate strategies.Empirical KnowledgeCourses bearing the Empirical Knowledge (E)designation use the empirical method to provide ameans of gaining knowledge about natural or socialphenomena through systematic observation and directexperience. Empirical observations are used to developexplanatory theories capable of being supported orrefuted.Goals:• To study the systematic observation of natural,social, or behavioral phenomena utilizingquantitative and/or qualitative methods.• To discuss the development of explanatory theoriesbased on systematic observation or experience.• To test predictions in order to verify or refutetheories or hypotheses.• To examine the strengths and limitations of theempirical approach and explore how empiricallybased claims differ from those based on othermodes of knowledge.Historical PerspectivesCourses bearing the Historical Perspectives (H)designation focus on studying how societies change overtime. This endeavor concentrates on understanding howpolitics, values, beliefs, cultures, and individuals interactwith and reflect specific historical contexts. Thisemphasis on historical context excludes courses that aretopically focused on a specific discipline (i.e., the historyof history).Goals:• To demonstrate understanding of how societieschange over time.• To learn how to interpret and to evaluate primarymaterials within both their historical contexts andfrom later historical perspectives.• To cultivate independent arguments abouthistorical developments based on the study ofprimary materials.Institutional and Cultural SystemsCourses bearing the Institutional and Cultural Systems (S)designation focus on human society and its attempts toattain goals valued collectively. Special emphasis is placedon developing a better and more critical understanding ofthe institutions and cultural systems that play anincreasingly significant role in contempoary life.

24PLAN OF STUDYGoals:• To explore different ways of defining society,including learning to recognize various types ofsocial phenomena and distinguishing differenttypes of social organization.• To examine different types of social goals, theirsources, and the institutions and processes whichimplement them.• To understand and apply different analyticalperspectives, including learning to integrateperspectives from diverse fields of inquiry in theanalysis of society and social institutions.Ethical Values and Faith PerspectivesCourses bearing the Ethical Values and FaithPerspectives (V) designation explore one of two possibleareas of knowledge or a combination of both. These are:Ethical Values: Such courses are designed to preparestudents, through education in moral reasoning, toanalyze moral and ethical problems, propose solutions,and make responsible decisions.Goals:• To identify moral and ethical issues.• To develop analytical skills for dealing with theseissues.• To understand both the logical and the personaland social consequences of moral stands.Faith Perspectives: Such courses are designed to preparestudents to recognize how faith perspectives andreligious heritage shape worldviews; to enable studentsto analyze, compare and interpret different historicalreligious traditions; and to help students recognize theimplications of those traditions for society andindividuals.Goals:• To identify the worldview and value systems ofvarious faith perspectives.• To recognize how faith perspectives shape worldviews,actions and interactions with society.• To develop conceptual tools and analytical skillsfor understanding and criticizing faith and valueexperiences in a rational way.Senior Integrative ExperienceThe Senior Integrative Experience is designed as acapstone experience for the General Studies program.Courses bearing the Senior Integrative Experience (I)designation are designed to help students understand howdisparate academic disciplines are interconnected across theliberal arts curriculum. Because solutions to complex worldproblems require a mature, holistic and interdisciplinaryapproach, students must include in their thinking theinsights and methods offered by various modes ofknowledge across the spectrum of the liberal arts. TheSenior Integrative Experience therefore draws upon theknowledge and perspectives of different subject areas whileat the same time synthesizing these diverse approaches tolearning into a coherent worldview.Goals:• To review the differing methods and perspectiveswhich characterize each of the Frames of Referencecategories.• To reflect on the interconnectedness of thosemethods and perspectives.• To demonstrate understanding of that interconnectednessthrough a major project or group ofassignments.EnglishCOURSES SATISFYING GENERAL STUDIES REQUIREMENTSCourses are subject to change.•105 (First-semester college writing requirement)•200-level literature and writing course (second half of the English requirement)Complete one course from the following list:•ENG 216•ENG 232•ENG 250•ENG 261/361•ENG 265•ENG 271/371•ENG 285•ENG 287•ENG 310 with consent•ENG 318 with consent•ENG 327 with consent•ENG 336 with consent•ENG 346 with consent•ENG 347 with consent•ENG 350 with consent•ENG 355 with consent•ENG 357 with consent•ENG 378 with consent•ENG 385 with consent•ENG 440 with consent•ENG 441 with consent•ENG 442 with consentMathematics•MATH 104 OR •MATH 105 or equivalent (as described above)Foreign LanguageFR, GER, LATN or SPAN: 111, 112, 211, 212Note possible exemptions described above.

PLAN OF STUDY 25Laboratory ScienceComplete one from the following list:•BIO 100/101 •BIO 332 •CHEM 118 •CHEM 480 •EES 330•BIO 120/121 •BIO 355 •CHEM 210 •EES 124/125 •EES 450•BIO 131 •BIO 370 •CHEM 270 •EES 130/131 •INST 300•BIO 132 •BIO 371 •CHEM 311/321 •EES 132/133 •PHYS 141/143•BIO 150/151 •BIO 372 •CHEM 312/322 •EES 200 •PHYS 142/143•BIO 207 •BIO 373 •CHEM 345 •EES 210 •PHYS 215•BIO 221 •BIO 380 •CHEM 411/422 •EES 220 •PHYS 216•BIO 300 •BIO 384 •CHEM 412/422 •EES 270 •PHYS 221•BIO 311 •BIO 420 •CHEM 450 •EES 300 •PHYS 222•BIO 316 •CHEM 117Writing Intensive (W) coursesComplete six from the following list:•BIO 316•BIO 375•BIO 445•CHEM 240•CHEM 437•CJ 240•CJ 373•CJ 393•CJ 420•CLAS 450•COMM 422•EDUC 321•EES 340•ENG 105•ENG 216•ENG 230•ENG 240•ENG 242•ENG 250•ENG 251•ENG 259•ENG 261/361•ENG 265•ENG 271/371•ENG 285•ENG 287•ENG 298•ENG 299•ENG 310•ENG 314•ENG 318•ENG 327•ENG 336•ENG 340•ENG 346/347•ENG 350•ENG 355•ENG 357•ENG 365•ENG 398•ENG 441•ENG 472•ENVS 323•ENVS 326•ENVS 400•FR 443•GER 205•GER 244•GER 305•GER 306•GER 340•HHS 307•HHS 401•HIST 303•HIST 314•HIST 319•HIST 323•HIST 347•HIST 348•HIST 353•HIST 360•HIST 415•HIST 418•HIST 426•HIST 460•INST 344•INST 470•INST 482•JOUR 201•JOUR 310•JOUR 330•JOUR 335•JOUR 343•JOUR 397•JOUR 435•MATH 323•MBE 301•MBE 324•MBE 330•MBE 332•MBE 333•MBE 355•MBE 373•MBE 400•MBE 406•MBE 407•PHIL 337•POLS 204•POLS 206•POLS 250•POLS 265•POLS 323•POLS 326•POLS 340•POLS 373•POLS 433•POLS 465•PSY 320•PSY 348•PSY 480•REC 206•REC 234•REC 300•REC 301•REC 304•RELST 265•SOC 188•SOC 480•SPAN 443•TH 346/347•TH 407FRAMES OF REFERENCEAesthetic Understanding (A)Complete one from the following list:•APMU 111* •ART 211 •ARTH 201 •MUS 101 •SPAN 270•APMU 121-452** •ART 212 •COMM 220 •MUS 201 •TH 201•APMU 211* •ART 218/318 •ENG 232 •MUS 202/302 •TH 210•ART 101 •ART 221/322 •FR 329 •MUS 213/313 •TH 220•ART 105 •ART 223/326 •GER 240/340 •MUS 214/314 •TH 230*•ART 110 •ART 225 •GER 244 •MUS 250/350 •TH 301•ART 111 •ART 307 •HUM 231 •MUS 251/351 •TH 302•ART 112 •ART 310 •HUM 301 •MUS 252/352 •TH 375•ART 117 •ART 316 •MUS 100 •MUS 253/353 •TH 380•ART 210 •TH 407* Three semester hours must be completed to fulfill general studies requirements.** Four semester hours must be completed to fulfill general studies requirements.

26PLAN OF STUDYCommunication (C)Complete one from the following list:•COMM 211 •FR 212•COMM 222 •FR 305•COMM 325 •FR 306•FR 111•GER 111•FR 112•GER 112•FR 211•GER 211•GER 212•GER 305•GER 306•JOUR 201•PHIL 109•SOC 303•SPAN 104•SPAN 105•SPAN 111•SPAN 112•SPAN 211•SPAN 212•SPAN 305•SPAN 306Empirical Knowledge (E)Complete one from the following list:•BIO 100•CHEM 117•BIO 115•CHEM 240•BIO 131•CJ 240•BIO 150•CJ 350•BIO 207•EES 124•BIO 250•EES 130•CHEM 105•EES 132•EES 200•EES 210•EES 250•ENVS 106•GEOG 111•HHS 450•INST 330•MBE 334•PHYS 141•PHYS 142•PHYS 221•PHYS 222•POLS 265•PSY 277•PSY 280•PSY 320•PSY 333•SOC 350•SOSCI 351Historical Perspectives (H)Complete one from the following list:•ARTH 231•GER 314•ARTH 232•HIST 111•ARTH 341•HIST 112•ARTH 351•HIST 113•CLAS 209•HIST 114•CLAS 210•HIST 205/305•ENG 383•HIST 211•FR 313•HIST 212•FR 314•HIST 216/316•GER 313•HIST 220•HIST 224•HIST 225•HIST 231•HIST 233•HIST 234•HIST 235•HIST 237•HIST 240•HIST 246•HIST 250•HIST 313•HIST 314•HIST 317•HIST 328•HIST 347•HIST 352•HIST 353•HIST 365•HIST 380•HIST 383•HIST 415•HIST 418•INST 344•MBE 330•PHIL 332•POLS 217/317•RELST 303•RELST 304•RELST 326Institutional and Cultural Systems (S)Complete one from the following list:•COMM 300 •HIST 433•POLS 201•CJ 373•INST 202•POLS 202/302•ENVS 323•MBE 332•POLS 210•ENVS 326•MBE 333•POLS 250•GEOG 112•MBE 373•POLS 323•HHS 201•POLS 103•POLS 326•HHS 343•POLS 111•POLS 335•HIST 346•POLS 112Ethical Values and Faith Perspectives (V)Complete one from the following list:•CLAS 105•CRSF 232•ENVS 304•GER 205•GER 207/307•HHS 307•HHS 361•HIST 248•HUM 150•PHIL 101•PHIL 102•PHIL 104•PHIL 105•PHIL 110•PHIL 212•PHIL 215•PHIL 221/321•PHIL 272/372•PHIL 304•PHIL 316•PHIL 328•PHIL 337•PHIL 350•POLS 101•POLS 204•POLS 343•POLS 344•POLS 353•POLS 373•PSY 245•REC 101•SOC 110•POLS 239•POLS 434•POLS 465•RELST 113•RELST 116•RELST 130•RELST 140•RELST 157•SOC 230•SOC 270•SOC 311•SOC 351•SPAN 210•SPAN 365•WGS 220•RELST 217•RELST 218•RELST 232•RELST 251/351•RELST 320•RELST 352/452•RELST 361•SOC 336

PLAN OF STUDY 27Senior Integrative Experience (I)Complete one from the following list:•BIO 460•HHS 410•BIO 475•HHS 475•CLAS 450•HIST 405•COMM 422 •HIST 425•ENG 472•HIST 426•ENVS 400•HIST 428•FR 443•HIST 451•HUM 431•INST 444•INST 470•INST 482•MBE 406•MBE 407•MBE 408•MBE 417•MUS 480•PHIL 434•POLS 499•PSY 445•PSY 477•REC 401•RELST 461•RELST 463•SPAN 443•TH 411•WGS 430Other Graduation RequirementsApplication for DegreeThe Application for Degree is available on the VWC homepage. Each candidate for a degree is required to file anApplication for Degree according to the following schedule:Degree Received December May August**Apply for Degree on 9/15 of the 9/15 of the 9/15 of theWebAdvisor by: same year previous year previous yearCompletion of all End of fall End of spring 8/15Degree semester semesterRequirementsDate of Degree December May AugustConferral:Date of May of the May Previous orCommencement following year following May**Exercises:**See Two-Course Rule on the next page.Major: Students must successfully complete at least one ofthe five types of majors offered by the college. A student’smajor professor, or major committee, must certify that agiven student has successfully completed all therequirements for the major prior to graduation. Degreecandidates are required to choose a major by the end of thesophomore year. A student may not submit more than 54semester hours in any one discipline nor more than 78semester hours in any two disciplines for credit towardsgraduation (see “Limitation on Course Credits”).Forms for completing this process are available on theregistrar’s home page or may be obtained at the Office ofthe Registrar. You may change your major at any time byfiling a new declaration. The declaration of a divisional,interdivisional, interdisciplinary or individualized majormust be filed at least three semesters before your anticipatedgraduation. Ordinarily, the summer will not be counted asa semester.Course Hours: Students are required to complete at least120 semester hours of academic course work, two-thirds ofwhich must be traditionally-graded.First Year Seminar: Freshmen and transfers with fewerthan 24 semester hours must successfully complete FirstYear Seminar. In the process of investigating a complexissue, students develop foundational inquiry skills thatemphasize critical thinking and independent learning in aliberal arts environment.Grade Point Average: A candidate for graduation musthave at least a 2.0 (C) average in both the major and as acumulative average. Interdivisional, individualized,humanities, and social studies majors require a 2.5 GPA.Residence Requirement: Students must complete atleast their last 30 semester hours and must earn at least 15semester hours in their major area at Virginia Wesleyan.Oral Communications Proficiency: All students mustdemonstrate the ability to speak well in the Englishlanguage. Each academic major has an approved plan tohelp students develop good speaking skills and to assesstheir competency with oral communications.Foreign Language Proficiency: Students mustdemonstrate proficiency in one foreign language (otherthan English), equivalent to the minimal passing grade onthe exit examination in the 212 course as a condition forgraduation.* This level, if taking a modern language, isdefined in the ACTFL (American Council on the Teaching

28PLAN OF STUDYof Foreign Languages) proficiency guidelines as theIntermediate-Mid level for speaking, listening, reading andwriting. If taking Latin, this level is defined by the advancedprogress indicators contained in the American PhilologicalAssociation’s Standard for Classical Learning.Transfer students must demonstrate the sameproficiency as stated above either through courseworkcompleted at VWC or with the acceptance of equivalentcoursework by transfer from another college or university.Students who transfer in 60 semester hours or more prior toenrolling at Virginia Wesleyan are required to successfullycomplete two semesters in one foreign language (other thanEnglish). Refer to the General Studies section of the catalogfor additional information.*Adult Studies Program (ASP) students should refer tothe “Degree Requirements” in the “Adult StudiesProgram” section of the catalog.Conditions for Fulfillment of the Foreign LanguageProficiency: A student may demonstrate proficiency priorto entering Virginia Wesleyan by scoring at least 600 on theCEEB Foreign Language Achievement test or a 4 or 5 onthe Advanced Placement exam. (Seven semester hours willbe awarded for a score of 5, and three semester hours for ascore of 4 on the Advanced Placement exam.)Students who 1) receive a score lower than 600 on theCEEB Achievement test, or who 2) receive a 1, 2 or 3 onthe Advanced Placement exam, or who 3) fail to achieveminimal proficiency in the Virginia Wesleyan ProficiencyPlacement exam, will be placed at the level determined bythe Foreign Languages and Literatures Department and willtake the necessary course work to attain the 212 level.The Foreign Languages and Literatures Departmenturges students to enroll immediately in the designatedcourse. Should they choose not to enroll immediately, theymust begin their language study within three semesters ofentrance.Computer Literacy: All entering students should be ableto demonstrate basic computer literacy prior to enteringVirginia Wesleyan. Specifically, this means competency inthe following computer skills:• Ability to send and receive e-mail messages withattachments• Ability to use a word processor• Ability to use a web browser to access information onthe InternetNearly every student arrives at Virginia Wesleyan withat least a basic knowledge of and experience withtechnology. On-campus resources permit students at anylevel to attain higher skills levels through additionalcomputer training within their major or in addition to theirmajor field of study. Any student who believes—or whoseadviser believes—that his or her educational skills wouldbenefit from additional training in computer technologyhas the option of enrolling in several different credit courses(e.g. CS100).Students graduating from VWC must meet a standardof computer literacy set by their major program. Each ofthose major programs identifies specific computer skillswhich they expect undergraduates working in theirdisciplines to learn and a plan explaining how students mayacquire the requisite computer skills for that major.Two-Course Rule: If a potential graduate has at most twocourses remaining to be completed by the end of the springsemester of their graduating year, that student, uponreceiving permission from the Office of the Registrar, mayparticipate in May commencement exercises. In order tosecure such permission, a student must:•have submitted an Application for Graduation by themandated September deadline;•have at most two courses remaining to complete allgraduation requirements;•have at least a 2.0 overall grade point average;•have at least a 2.0 grade point average in a traditionalmajor, or at least 2.5 in an interdivisional,individualized, humanities, or social studies major; and•enroll in Virginia Wesleyan’s summer sessions for theremaining graduation requirements.For purposes of determining two courses, the followingapplies: an internship will be regarded as one course,regardless of the number of semester hours it carries; ascience course together with a co-requisite lab will beregarded as one course.If the student receives permission to participate in theceremony, special notice will be made of the student’s statusas an August candidate, and the student will be granted adegree in August upon successful completion of therequired hours. Honors status will not be determined untilall summer coursework is completed.Commencement Exercises: All students who completedegree requirements are expected to participate incommencement exercises with their graduating class in theMay commencement. The previous December potentialgraduates are also encouraged to attend the Decemberreception. Degrees are conferred in May, August andDecember.A student is eligible to participate in the firstcommencement held after that student has completed allgraduation requirements. However, a student who hasparticipated in the May commencement exercises as anAugust candidate may not participate in a latercommencement. If all of the work is not completed byAugust 15, the degree will be conferred at the next conferraldate—December, May or August—following successfulcompletion of all degree requirements.Major ProgramsEach student is required to choose a major field ofconcentration and to complete requirements as indicatedbelow.There are five types of major fields of concentration: thedepartmental, the divisional, the interdivisional, theinterdisciplinary, and the individualized major.

PLAN OF STUDY 29The Departmental MajorThe departmental major consists of at least 24 semesterhours. No more than 42 semester hours shall be required ina department itself, although at least 18 semester hours shallbe in the major discipline. At least 18 semester hours of thetotal shall be at the 300 level or higher.The following departmental majors are offered atVirginia Wesleyan: Art, Biology, Chemistry, Communications,Computer Science, Criminal Justice, Earth andEnvironmental Sciences, English, French, German,History, Foreign Languages and Literatures, Latin,Mathematics, Music, Philosophy, Political Science,Psychology, Religious Studies, Sociology, Spanish, Theatre,and Theatre and English.Specific requirements for each of the above listed majorprograms are found in the “Design Your Future—Programsand Courses” section in the catalog.The Divisional MajorThere are three divisional majors. The Divisional Majorconsists of 50 semester hours. Thirty of the hours must bein junior-senior courses, and 18 of the 50 must be inone department. Of these 18, 12 must be at the 300 or400 level.When formally declaring a major, the student must filea Declaration of Major form with the Office of theRegistrar. In addition, there must be an academic contractwhich consists of a statement by the student of objectivesfor choosing the divisional approach and a tentativeprogram of courses to be undertaken. Contracts may beeffected between students and their faculty advisers whoshall be members of the appropriate division, and thecontract will be subject to initial approval by the relevantdivision. The declaration must be filed initially at least threesemesters before graduation, summer not counting as asemester. The contract is renegotiable at any time at thestudent’s request, and will be reviewed by the division attimes of modifications.It should be carefully noted that the categorization ofdisciplines by divisional majors below is strictly for thispurpose and should not be extended to other applications.The following list indicates these areas of study andthe specific requirements for each of the three divisionalmajors:Humanities: Art/Art History, Classics, Communications,English, French, German, History, Journalism, Music,Philosophy, Religious Studies, Spanish, Theatre.A humanities divisional major includes at least 40 hoursof course work from departments within the humanitiesdivision (history is included), 30 hours of which must be atthe 300 or 400 level. The courses, selected in closeconsultation with a faculty adviser from the division,demonstrate an intellectual coherence and clear focus, suchas a specific historical period or particular intellectualmovement. Students wishing to graduate with a divisionalmajor in humanities will formulate a contract which clearlyarticulates this focus and lists the proposed 40 hours ofcourse work to support the plan of study. Of the coursesselected, one should be designated as satisfying the college’srequirement of “Oral Competency” and another designatedas satisfying the requirement for “Computer Proficiency.”The student will submit the contract for approval by thedivision at least three semesters before graduation, summernot counting as a semester. Students must have a gradepoint average no lower than 2.5 in order to submit acontract, and the grade point average based on gradesearned in the courses that are part of the humanities majorcontract must be no lower than 2.5 at the time ofgraduation.Natural Sciences and Mathematics: Biology,Chemistry, Computer Science, Earth and EnvironmentalSciences, Mathematics, Physics.A major in the Natural Sciences and MathematicsDivision will be designed by the student and a professor inthe division. The specifically designed program must beapproved by all members of the division.Social Sciences: Education, Geography, Health andHuman Services, History, Management/Business/Economics,Political Science, Psychology, Recreation andLeisure Studies, Sociology/Criminal Justice.In addition to the requirements for the area ofconcentration as set by the academic disciplines involved, asocial science divisional major shall include at least sixsemester hours in 300- or 400-level course work from eachof three other departments within the division. These 18hours of upper-level work must be in a department otherthan the one selected as the area of concentration. Due tothe limited availability of electives in Criminal Justice, thearea of concentration may not be in that department.Social science divisional majors must also indicate intheir academic contracts which courses (whether or notthey count toward the major) will be taken to fulfill thecollege’s requirements for “Oral Competency” and“Computer Proficiency,” and explain in writing specificallyhow the indicated courses will fulfill these requirements.A student planning to use Health and Human Servicesas the department of concentration must take HHS 201,HHS 302, POLS 343, PSY/HHS 337, HHS 338 andeither HHS 401 or HHS 450 (based on consultation withadviser.)A student planning to use Management, Business andEconomics as the department of concentration must haveMBE 301, MBE 316, MBE 322, MBE 400 and MBE 405.A minimum of 9 upper-level credits of MBE must be takenin residence at Virginia Wesleyan College.A student may take Education as the area ofconcentration but this course of study will not permitcertification by the State of Virginia to teach in the publicschools. Students seeking certification should confer with afaculty member of the Education Department whenselecting an appropriate major.The Individualized MajorA student whose needs are not met by other majorprograms may develop an individualized major. This type ofstudy requires considerable initiative and imagination. Astudent contemplating this alternative should work out aproposal in consultation with a faculty sponsor. Two

30PLAN OF STUDYadditional faculty members are added to create a reviewcommittee, after which the proposal is submitted to thedean of the college for final approval. This process must becompleted at least three semesters before graduation,summer not counting as a semester.• The major shall have a core component of integratedcourses deemed necessary to meet the student’seducational objectives. This core shall contain nofewer than 30 semester hours beyond those offered infulfillment of general studies introductory-levelrequirements.• At least 21 semester hours of the core must consist of300/400-level courses and six of these 21 hours mustbe in cross-disciplinary, independent research.• Because of the independent research requirement, thestudent must have achieved at least a 2.5 overallaverage, with a minimum of 45 semester hours, beforethe proposal can be approved.• The major must include at least six semester hours ineach of the three divisions beyond those offered infulfillment of general studies requirements. At leastnine of these 18 semester hours must be at 300/400level and outside the major core.The Interdisciplinary MajorStudents may elect one of ten interdisciplinary majorsincluding American Studies, Classical Studies,Environmental Studies, Health and Human Services,International Studies, the Liberal Arts ManagementProgram, Liberal Studies, Recreation and Leisure Studies,Social Studies, and Women’s and Gender Studies.As its name implies, the interdisciplinary major cutsacross various departmental lines and brings togetherrelated courses in various disciplines. Each of these majorsis related to a variety of career interests.Students who have an interest in pursuing aninterdisciplinary major should consult the designatedfaculty coordinator or the dean of the college. ADeclaration of Major form must be filed with the Office ofthe Registrar at least three semesters before graduation,summer not counting as a semester. Details for specificprograms are found in the alphabetical listing of majors andcourses in the back of the catalog.The Interdivisional MajorThe Interdivisional Major (IDM) is an individualizedprogram of study that is defined in each case by a writtencontractual agreement between the student andrepresentatives of the faculty. Students planning to declarethis major should familiarize themselves with the detailedguidelines that are available from the coordinator of theinterdivisional major.In general, an IDM contract must include at least 48semester hours distributed as follows:• 15 semester hours in each of the three academicdivisions plus an additional 3 semester hours earnedeither in one of those divisions or in coursework fromthe category of offerings known as interdisciplinarystudies (INST);• at least 24 of the total semester hours must be at the300 or 400 level (these 24 may be distributed acrossthe three academic divisions in any manner exceptthat all of them may not come from the samedivision);• no more than 50 percent of the credits earned in anyone division may come from the same department;• there must be at least one traditionally gradedlaboratory course in a natural science;• certain courses serving to satisfy the college’s generalstudies requirements are excluded (see previouslymentioned guidelines);• at least a 2.50 grade point average in theinterdivisional major is required.• the grade point average based on grades earned inVirginia Wesleyan courses that are part of a PIDM(Prescribed Interdivisional Major) contract must be nolower than 2.50.The Prescribed Interdivisional Major (PIDM) is a majorthat can be used by students seeking teacher certification inthe areas of Elementary Education (PreK-6), ElementaryEducation with Middle Education Add-On (PreK-6 and6-8), Middle Education (6-8), and Special Education(K-12). The courses in this major meet all the teachercompetencies required by the Virginia Department ofEducation. The PIDM consists of 15 semester hours inrequired courses in the Humanities Division, 18-21semester hours of required courses in the Social SciencesDivision, and 16-17 semester hours of required courses inthe Natural Science/Mathematics Division.• the total number of required semester hours is likely tobe 52-59;• the number of semester hours that must be at the 300or 400 level is 18;• no offering identified by its rubric as an educationcourse may be included.The prescribed course work must be completed asoutlined on the Virginia Wesleyan College web site orunder Interdivisional Major—Prescribed later in thiscatalog. The identified courses meet the teachercompetencies as required by the Commonwealth ofVirginia. (Prospective teachers should confer with theirPIDM advisers at all times in order to schedule specificrequired courses.)Academic Regulationsand InformationClassification of Students:Freshman Fewer than 24 semester hours earnedSophomore 24-53 semester hours earnedJunior 54-84 semester hours earned,“Declaration of Major” filedSenior 85 or more semester hours earnedDegree hours only are used in determining academicclassification.

PLAN OF STUDY 31Minor: Students have the option of completing one ormore minors in addition to a major program. This choicemust be approved by a full-time faculty member in theminors department who will certify that the student hascompleted the requirements prior to graduation. No morethan eight semester hours taken to fulfill requirements for astudent’s major (or majors) may also be used to fulfill minorrequirements. A course used to fulfill a minor requirementmay be used to fulfill a General Studies requirement.Students with Advanced Placement credit should consultthe specific department to determine if those semesterhours can be included as part of the minor. Application forMinor forms are due in the Registrar’s Office by March 1for May or August graduation and by October 1 forDecember graduation.A minor shall consist of a minimum of 18 semesterhours (traditionally graded). At least 9 semester hours mustbe taken at the 300/400 level. A minimum of 9 hours mustbe taken in residence at VWC. A 2.0 GPA (C) average isrequired for all courses taken in the minor field. Studentscannot complete a minor in the same area(s) as their major.The requirements for each minor are listed in theappropriate section of this catalog which deals with thatdiscipline.Virginia Wesleyan College offers the following minors:MinorsArt (See Studio Art)Art HistoryBiologyBusinessChemistryClassical StudiesComputer ScienceCriminal JusticeEarth and Environmental SciencesEnglishEnvironmental StudiesFrenchGermanHistoryJournalismMathematicsMedia StudiesMusicPhilosophyPolitical SciencePsychologyReligious StudiesSociologySpanishStudio ArtTheatreWomen’s and Gender StudiesAuditing a Course: Students may audit a course byelecting this option at the time of registration and with thewritten permission of the instructor, the student’s adviser,and the dean of the college. The charge for audited coursesis the same as that for other courses.Less formal arrangements are possible with thepermission of the instructor, but in such instances, thecourse shall not appear as part of the permanent record.Catalog of Entry: Students who have left the college fora time, have not earned additional credit, and have beenreadmitted to Virginia Wesleyan may choose to satisfyeither the requirements listed in the catalog which wascurrent at the time they first enrolled in the college or thosein effect at the time of their application for graduation.Students who have left the college and earned additionalcredit prior to readmission to Virginia Wesleyan mustsatisfy the requirements listed in the catalog at the time oftheir application for graduation.Registration: By the beginning of each semester, studentsare required to formally register for classes at the timespecified in the course schedule prepared prior to eachsemester. Currently enrolled students should register duringadvance registration to have the maximum chance ofobtaining a satisfactory class schedule. Late registrationextends through the first five days of the fall or springsemester. Refer to the Registrar’s Office home page forregistration information and for details concerning courseofferings, procedures, and requirements.Change of Registration: Students may change aregistration (adding or dropping a course, or changing asection of a course) by completing a Course Selection Format the Registrar’s Office. Students wishing to add a courseafter the first week of classes must have the approval of theinstructor, and the course will increase the total hours in astudent’s course load even though another course may bedropped (see “Withdrawal from Course”).Class Attendance Policy: VWC expects students toattend all class meetings of courses in which they areenrolled. Each professor will set an attendance policy andinclude it in the course syllabus. Professors, who bestunderstand the course responsibilities of individualstudents, have sole authority over course attendancepolicies; they may evaluate all excuses for absence anddetermine whether or not to permit students to make upwork missed. Professors may request from the college nurseor a physician a written confirmation of illness, or from thedean of students a written confirmation of the absence forreasons related to co-curricular or extra-curricular activities.Course Loads: A full-time student is one who carries atleast 12 semester hours per semester. A student who carriesfewer than 12 semester hours is classified as a part-timestudent. The following restrictions are placed upon themaximum course load which a student may carry in a givensemester; exceptions to these policies may be made onlywith the written endorsement of the student’s facultyadviser and the approval of the dean of the college:

32PLAN OF STUDY(a) Freshmen and first semester transfer students will becounseled by their advisers according to their pastrecord as to whether they should limit theirregistration to four or five courses during their firstsemester at Virginia Wesleyan.(b) The maximum academic credit load for a student onacademic probation will be 13 semester hours.(c) Any student with a cumulative grade point averageof less than 2.0 will be limited to 13 semester hours.(d) The maximum academic credit load for a studentwith a cumulative grade point average between 2.00and 2.49 will be 16 semester hours.(e) The maximum academic credit load for a studentwith a cumulative grade point average of 2.5 orabove will be 18 semester hours.(f) All semester hours of “Incomplete” from theprevious term (counting summer as a term) will beconsidered part of the student’s academic load.Course Limitations: You may have more than one majorlisted on your transcript, but no more than 54 semesterhours in any one discipline, nor more than 78 semesterhours in any two disciplines submitted for graduation. Dueto the interdisciplinary nature of the Management,Business, and Economics department, however, a LiberalArts Management Program major taking the 12 semesterhour internship course (MBE 416) may have no more than60 semester hours in MBE courses, nor more than 78semester hours in any two disciplines submitted forgraduation. A student who wishes to take more than 54semester hours in one discipline or 78 semester hours in anytwo disciplines will have to take additional hours beyondthe 120 semester hours required for graduation.Dean’s List: A student who earns an average of 3.5 orabove during a given semester will be named to the Dean’sList for that semester; a student with an average of 3.25-3.49 will be named to the Honorable Mention List.Additional qualifications for these honors are that a studenthave full-time status, carry at least nine semester hours oftraditionally graded courses, and have no F grades orIncompletes.Examinations and Grade Reports: Final examinationsare given in most courses at the end of each term during thefinal examination period. Any student who has as many asthree back-to-back examinations should consult theinstructor with respect to a possible schedule adjustment.Final grades may be reviewed and/or printed directlyfrom WebAdvisor on the VWC home page.Progress Report comments and/or grades of C- andlower can be viewed on WebAdvisor beginning with theeighth week of the fall and spring semesters. For final gradesof C- or lower, faculty submit “C- reports” which areavailable on WebAdvisor at the end of the fall and springsemesters.Grading System: Virginia Wesleyan College uses a 4.0grading system. The table below lists the letter grades thatinstructors use to document their evaluation of your workand to document your academic status in the class. Thetable below defines the meaning of the letter grade andspecifies the number of quality points that correspond toeach grade. Quality points are used to determine yourgrade point average (GPA). The procedure for calculatingyour GPA is described in “Grade Point Averages.”Grading SystemQuality Used toLetter Points per CalculateGrade Meaning Sem. Hr. GPA?HExceptional quality workin an honors course 4.00 YesA Excellent work 4.00 YesA- 3.67 YesB+ 3.33 YesBGood work, definitelyabove average 3.00 YesB- 2.67 YesC+ 2.33 YesC Average work 2.00 YesC- 1.67 YesD+ 1.33 YesD Below average work 1.00 YesD-Work meets minimumrequirements for credit 0.67 YesF Failure 0.00 YesWF Withdrawn while failing 0.00 YesW Withdrawn 0.00 NoWP Withdrawn while passing 0.00 NoSSatisfactory work inpass/fail course 0.00 NoUUnsatisfactory work inpass/fail course 0.00 NoWUWithdrawn unsatisfactoryin pass/fail course 0.00 NoZSatisfactory work inaudited course 0.00 NoUZUnsatisfactory work inaudited course 0.00 NoWork which theinstructor considersI justifiably incomplete(See “Incomplete” inthis section). 0.00 NoGrade Point Averages: A student’s major and cumulativegrade point average is computed on work taken atVirginia Wesleyan, exclusive of pass/fail courses. Coursework taken on a cross-registration basis is also included inthe Virginia Wesleyan grade point average, again exclusiveof pass/fail courses.A student’s grade point average is obtained by dividingthe total number of semester hours attempted at VirginiaWesleyan, including failures and withdrawal failures, intothe number of quality points earned at Virginia Wesleyan.Courses in which the mark was WP or W, and coursestaken on a pass/fail basis, are not included in thecomputation of the grade point average. In the case of

PLAN OF STUDY 33repeated courses, only the hours and the grade points fromthe last attempt are used in the computation.The following examples demonstrate the method ofcomputing the grade point averages:1. A student who completes 15 semester hours with 12semester hours of C and 3 semester hours of S hasearned 24 quality points for the C’s and no qualitypoints for the S. To find the student’s average, dividethe 12 semester hours of traditionally graded workattempted into the 24 quality points earned to findthe grade point average of 2.0.2. A student who completes 15 semester hours with 3semester hours of B, 3 of C+, 3 of C-, 3 of D, and 3of F has earned 9 quality points for the B, 6.99 forthe C+, 5.01 for the C-, 3 for the D, and 0 for the F,for a total of 24 quality points. Divide the 15semester hours into the 24 quality points to find thegrade point average of 1.6.A semester’s grade point average is computed underthese rules by considering only courses undertaken in agiven semester. The cumulative grade point average of allwork at Virginia Wesleyan is simply computed byconsidering all traditionally graded courses undertaken.Cumulative grade point averages cannot be computed byaveraging semester grade point averages.Incomplete: An Incomplete is given at the discretion ofthe instructor when circumstances beyond the control ofthe student prevent the completion of course requirements.Incomplete work must be made up during the ensuingterm (summer counting as a term) so that a letter grade canbe turned in to the Registrar no later than the last day ofclasses. Otherwise, an Incomplete is recorded as an “F.” Anyexception to this practice must have the approval of thedean of the college prior to the stated deadline.Graduating with Honors: In order to be considered forany category of graduation with honors, students mustfulfill all institutional requirements described in the catalogunder which they are to graduate. For a student whosemajor draws on a single discipline, the average shall becomputed by including all courses which appear on thetranscript bearing the rubric of the major discipline andwhich the catalog describes as suitable for fulfillment of amajor in the discipline. For a student who is majoring in aprogram which draws on more than one discipline, thisaverage shall be computed by including all courses which,according to a list provided to the registrar by the student’sadviser, constitute the major program for that student.Each of the following requirements must besatisfied to graduate with Latin honorsSem. hrs. completed at VWC 60Degree hours completed (min.) 120*Minimum GPA major courses(including transfer courses)3.0*Minimum cum GPA(including transfer courses)3.4Two traditionally-gradedcourses (3 or more sem. hrs. ea.)at the 300/400 level fromtwo different divisionscum laudemagna cum laudesumma cum laude6 sem. hrs.•Cumulative GPA ofat least 3.40•Cumulative GPA ofat least 3.60•Recommendation ofdepartment ordivision•Faculty vote•Entitled tomagna cum laude•Cumulative GPA ofat least 3.80•6 sem. hrs. ofindependent researchat the 300/400 levelwith highcompetenceas certified by thefaculty supervisor(s)*Transferred grades cannot increase the VWC GPAfor honorsThe independent research requirements may be satisfiedby the completion of: 1) 300-400-level independentresearch (see “Program Enhancement”); 2) 400-levelcatalog courses such as senior projects, senior thesis ororiginal research projects requiring independent research;or 3) an alternate independent project primarily devoted toindependent research. Catalog courses, such as, but notlimited to, BIO 489, CHEM 489, CJ 480, CS 489, EES489, HIST 360, 460, INST 482, MATH 489, MUS 480,PSY 480, SOC 480, SOSCI 351 satisfy the independentresearch requirement. The independent work need not be“original” except to the student, and could be primarilyexpository in nature. A student should demonstrate thathe/she understands the methods of independent researchand can employ them in the production of a significantpaper or project. The faculty supervisor of such projectsshall make application in writing to the appropriatedivision chairman for approval of the project andevaluation shall be similar to the method used forindependent research.Two final copies of each project intended to satisfy theindependent research requirements for highest distinctionare to be submitted by the student. One is to be markedand graded by the project evaluators. The other copy,bearing the signatures of its evaluators, will remainunmarked and will be placed in the library for publicexamination for a period of not less than one month duringthe following semester (excluding summer).To qualify for any honors category, students withtransfer credit must satisfy the quality point average requirementsboth in the set of all courses counted towardgraduation and in the set of courses taken at VirginiaWesleyan.

34PLAN OF STUDYThe honors status for students who are Augustcandidates for graduation will be determined after allsummer course work is completed.Repeating a Course: Students will normally be allowedto repeat a course for which they have been charged qualitypoints only once, and then only if the original grade wasbelow a C (2.0). However, students with a cumulative gradepoint average of 2.0 or above may take for a third time acourse not previously passed if they obtain the writtenrecommendation of their adviser and the approval of thedean of the college, who will consult with any instructorwho has previously taught that course or the coordinator ofthe department in which that course was taught. When astudent repeats a course, all previous grades for that courseremain on the transcript, but only the last grade is used incomputing the grade point average.Non-Resident Credit: While a student is matriculated atVirginia Wesleyan, no credit will be given for courses takenat another college unless permission is given through theOffice of the Registrar prior to registration for such courses.Pass/Fail Grades: Some courses are offered only on apass/fail basis and are so noted in the class schedule for agiven semester. Students also have the option in a givensemester of electing to take one traditionally graded courseon a pass/fail basis provided that the course is not requiredto fulfill general college requirements or any part of thestudent’s major or minor program or the repeat of a courseoriginally taken as a traditionally-graded course. Inaddition, the course cannot be used to fulfill therequirements for graduation with honors. To effect thiselection, a student must obtain the adviser’s signature on aPass/Fail form and return the form to the Office of theRegistrar before the end of the third week of the fall orspring semester or before the end of the first week of asummer class.The following limitations apply: In any given semester,students may not enroll for more than one-third of theiracademic load in pass/fail courses except on writtenrecommendation of their advisers and the approval of thedean of the college. No more than one-third of a student’stotal hours offered for graduation may consist of coursesgraded on a pass/fail basis.Pass/fail grading may not be elected for any honorsseminar nor any course challenged for the H grade.The Grade of H: The H grade may be assigned for workof exceptional quality. This grade may be earned in eitheran honors course or in any other course or pair of courseswhen requested by the student and approved by theappropriate members of the faculty.A student may challenge a course or pair of courses forthe grade of H by following these procedures:During the semester before the course is taken, thestudent must gain concurrence from the instructor(s)involved. The instructor(s), with the aid of the petitioningstudent, must submit a proposal to the Honors Committeebefore early registration for the ensuing semester. Thisproposal must indicate how the work of the petitioningstudent will surpass, in both qualitative and quantitativeways, the requirements normally expected. Particular stressis placed on the qualitative aspects of the additionalrequirements. An honors course listed on a given student’stranscript will include the notation “HNRS.” A grade of Hor another appropriate letter grade may be assigned by theinstructor. Having challenged a course or pair of courses forthe grade of H, a student may not later elect to use thepass/fail option.Course Drop: To drop a course a student must submit acompleted Course Selection Form to the Registrar. Afterthe first week of classes dropping a course does not reducethe total number of semester hours charged for thesemester. Drops after the first week of classes and prior tothe automatic “WF” period (see Academic Calendar) willresult in a grade of W, WP, WF or WU, as determined bythe instructor. From the beginning of the automatic “WF”period until the last day of classes for the semester a dropwill result in an automatic WF or WU. Exceptions to thispolicy may be made for students who withdraw from thecollege for reasons of documented illness.Grade Changes: A request for a grade change must besubmitted by the faculty member to the dean of the collegefor approval. Any change of grade from a reassessment mustbe made within 12 months of the issuance of a grade.Name Changes: Accuracy in record keeping is of theutmost importance in the Office of the Registrar especiallyas we strive to protect the privacy of your academic record.Please notify us at once if you have a name change bybringing the original copy of the birth certificate, marriagecertificate, or court order. Name changes affect only the lastname whereas the first and middle names given at birthremain the same (unless it is a court-ordered change).Withdrawal and Readmission to the College: Astudent who wishes voluntarily to withdraw from thecollege during a given term is not considered officiallywithdrawn until he or she notifies the registrar in writing ofthis intention and completes an official withdrawal form.Assigned grades of W, WP or WF will be determined by thedate of withdrawal and the discretion of the instructor. Anyregistrations for the semester following the withdrawal willbe deleted. If a student fails to register for consecutivesemesters by the last date for late registration, he or she isassumed to have withdrawn from the college.A student who withdraws and desires to return to thecollege must reapply to the Admissions Office forconsideration by the Committee on Academic Standing.A student who has been academically dismissed mayonly apply for readmission once they have met the criteriaas outlined in the Selective Retention Policy.Program EnhancementThe PORTfolio ProgramAt Virginia Wesleyan, we believe that a liberal artseducation is the best preparation for life, especially forcitizenship, careers and professions. However, we have

PLAN OF STUDY 35discovered that too many students view their collegeexperience as bifurcated into “sets of classes”—courses intheir major, courses in general studies, and electivecourses—and “everything else”—learning outside theclassroom through co-curricular activities, careerdevelopment fieldwork, or volunteer experiences. ThePORTfolio Program is a unique four-year experience thatseeks to fully integrate liberal and experiential learning byconsciously relating the two.The PORTfolio Program brings the liberal arts to lifefor selected students by allowing them to pursue theircollege education while using the Chesapeake Bay, the citiesof Hampton Roads and the world as their classroom.Complementing a student’s major, the PORTfolio Programoffers an integrated set of specially designed team-taughtliberal arts seminars, co-curricular activities, andexperiential learning opportunities that connect the best ofa liberal arts education with real-world experiences. Inaddition, students in the program develop an electronicportfolio that helps them connect the lessons of theclassroom to the world beyond the campus and link fieldexperiences to their formal education. Freshmen areadmitted to the program based on their academic, serviceand leadership experience, and potential. Applications forthe PORTfolio Program are made at the same time studentsapply to the college.Inquiries about the PORTfolio Program may beaddressed to the Office of Admissions.Experiential LearningVirginia Wesleyan College provides students withlearning experiences which allow them to obtain practicalknowledge in the world beyond the campus. Theseexperiences may help the student to translate classroomtheory into practice, refine knowledge and skills, contributeto organizations on a professional level, test careerpossibilities, as well as enhance marketability for futureemployment and/or graduate studies.EXTERNSHIPS are structured work experiences whichallow students to observe and to gain exposure to a workarea of interest. Designed primarily for freshmen andsophomores, these experiences may confirm an academicmajor, allow self-assessment of skills and suitability for aprofession, and provide training that leads to internships orjob opportunities. Externships may have prerequisites set bythe sponsoring organization and, although they arerecorded on the student’s transcript, they do not providesemester hours towards meeting graduation requirements.To have the externship recorded on the transcript, a studentmust complete at least 30 hours of approved work at aparticipating institution and arrange the externshipthrough the Career Services Center before beginning it.INTERNSHIPS are learning experiences that integrateacademic preparation and skills gained in a liberal artseducation with professional work experience. There are twotypes of internships.Non-academic internships allow qualified students toundertake meaningful responsibilities with sponsoringorganizations. They are not recorded on the transcript anddo not provide credit-hours towards meeting graduationrequirements, but they may provide invaluable experiencefor later life. The Career Services Center maintainsinformation on both academic and non-academicinternships.Academic internships are designed for students toundertake significant responsibilities, to reflect on themission and daily activities through completion ofapproved assignments such as papers or projects which aresubmitted to a faculty member, and often are accompaniedby a seminar or other academic component. These aredesigned primarily for juniors and seniors within theirmajor field of study, and students must meet theprerequisites specified by the academic department whichoffers such internships. To be admitted to the internshipprogram, a student must meet the appropriate criteria,register for an approved internship class listed in thecatalog, and fulfill the academic and work requirementsspecified by the course. The minimum standard foracademic internships established at Virginia WesleyanCollege is 100 hours of work experience for 3 semesterhours. These academic internships help meet graduationrequirements, and they provide the student with theknowledge and know-how to do well later in life.See descriptions of College Level Examination Programs(CLEP) and Military credit under “Adult Studies Program.”Academic ResourcesSupport Services: Virginia Wesleyan offers its studentsseveral sources of academic support which are available freeof charge. These support services include writing assistancethrough the Writing Center, and peer and professionaltutoring, study skills workshops and courses, and individualacademic counseling through the Learning Center. Contactpersons: Dr. Carol Johnson, director of the Writing Center;Ms. Althia Woodson-Robinson, director of the AcademicSkills Program; and Mrs. Fayne Pearson, assistant to thedean of the college, coordinator of services for special needsstudents, and coordinator of the Learning Center.Accommodations for Students With SpecialNeeds: Virginia Wesleyan recognizes, and is sensitive to,the needs of students with disabilities, as well as otherhandicapping conditions. In keeping with Title 5, Section504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the college willrespond to requests for accommodations when the requestsare based upon recent medical or other acceptableprofessional documentation of disabilities. A student’sdecision to use academic support services and to seekaccommodation is voluntary. The student has theresponsibility for contacting the appropriate person, theassistant to the dean of the college, in order to requestaccommodation for a handicapping condition or a learningdisability. In cases where there is strong evidence of alearning disability, the college will make arrangements fordiagnostic testing at the student’s expense. In cases where ahandicap has been documented, arrangements for theappropriate accommodations will be made to support thestudent in the academic program that will fit his/heraptitudes and skills and, at the same time, adhere toVirginia Wesleyan’s requirements.

36PLAN OF STUDYGuided Study, IndependentResearch,TutorialStudents who meet the specific requirements of eachprogram may enroll for three semester hours of guidedstudy or independent research in a given semester. Eighteensemester hours is the maximum which may count towardthe total required for graduation. Exceptions to this policymay be made only by the dean of the college.In preparing proposals for a guided study orindependent research project, you should very carefullystate your objectives and the means of accomplishing theseobjectives. Juniors and seniors will be given preferencewhere enrollments are limited.When you plan to pursue this type of study you shouldobtain a copy of the guidelines from the Office of theRegistrar.Guided Study credit is available in each discipline inwhich you desire to pursue a program of guided reading orresearch, not necessarily in your major field, if you meet theminimum requirements of the program. To enroll in guidedstudy, you must have junior status and the approval of yourfaculty adviser and project adviser and be in good academicstanding. You must present to the faculty members of theappropriate division a brief written description of yourproposed guided study program after the project has beenapproved by the faculty member who would direct thestudy. All such proposals must be received and acted uponby the division two weeks prior to the end of the semesterpreceding the one in which the guided study will beundertaken. The program presumes close supervision ofyour reading or research by the instructor, includingsessions together at least twice each month. You maypropose a guided study project on a graded or pass/failbasis.Independent Research provides an opportunity forupperclassmen who have demonstrated competence in theirmajor field to engage in an independent program of studywith minimal faculty supervision. To enroll, you must meetthe minimum requirements of junior status, a 2.5cumulative grade point average with a 3.0 average in yourmajor field, and receive divisional approval of a writtenproject proposal, following the same procedure as thatoutlined for guided study. At the conclusion of a semesterof study, you will present the results of your research orallybefore the instructor who directed the research and twoother faculty members who are to be agreed upon by youand your instructor. The instructor will then determine theletter grade which you will receive for the program.Tutorial course work enables a student to take a regularcatalog course on an individual basis rather than in aclassroom format. Semester hour credit for a tutorial is thesame as for the catalog course. The required paperwork canbe obtained from the Office of the Registrar and must besubmitted prior to registering for the course.Cross RegistrationVirginia Wesleyan’s membership in the VirginiaTidewater Consortium provides students with opportunitiesfor enriching their educational programs through aprocess of cross registration at other institutions of highereducation located in Hampton Roads. Students must havethe written approval of their adviser and the registrar and bein good academic standing (2.00 GPA). Subject to availablespace in a given semester, Virginia Wesleyan students maycross register at other member institutions for a coursewhich is not offered here. Grades earned through crossregistration become part of the student’s grade pointaverage. Complete information covering the conditions ofcross registration is available in the Office of the Registrar.Transient RegistrationStudents must be in good academic standing andcomplete an application and receive the written approval oftheir adviser and the registrar prior to registering for coursesat other institutions. Approved credit is accepted fortransfer only when a grade of C (2.0) or above is earned.Transfer credit does not affect the student’s grade pointaverage at VWC. Complete information covering theconditions of transient registration is available in the Officeof the Registrar.Experimental CoursesOccasionally an instructor or a group of students maywant to study a topic not adequately covered in the existingcurriculum. Anytime a department wishes to offer a coursethat is not in the catalog, it may do so with the permissionof the Educational Programs Commission, uponrecommendation of the division involved. If, after thecourse is taught, the department decides that it wants thecourse placed in the catalog on a permanent basis, it willthen submit such a request to the division. When severalstudents decide that they would like to study a particulartopic and can get a faculty member to participate, they mayseek approval through following the process describedabove.Honors CourseworkThe college offers in-course honors options which areavailable to all students. Wesleyan Scholars, as participantsin an honors program, are required to complete a specifiednumber of honors course hours.The process for challenging a given course for honorsdesignation and grading is student initiated. The instructorof the course must agree to work with the student and mustthen file with the Honors Committee a statement ofhonors grade requirements. Honors courses aretraditionally graded except that extraordinary work can berewarded with the grade of “H.” If awarded, the grade of Hwill appear on the student’s academic transcript, though itwill count toward the GPA as if it were an A. A student maynot elect to take on a pass/fail basis a course which he or shechallenges for an honors grade.Winter SessionWinter Session is a three-week, credit-bearing term ofintensive, engaged learning that complements andstrengthens the academic program at Virginia Wesleyan

PLAN OF STUDY 37College. Scheduled in January, Winter Session providesopportunities for students and faculty to focus on a singleacademic subject without the usual distractions from othercourses and commitments. A three-semester hour WinterSession course provides, in three weeks, the contact hoursand academic work load that in a regular semester would bedistributed across 15 weeks; it does so, however, in ways notavailable or not as effectively pursued in conventionalsemesters. Hence, these courses, many of which involvefield trips, travel components, and pedagogical innovations,reflect an experimental, experiential quality whilemaintaining the standards of academic attainment thatreflect our institution. The specific courses offered varyfrom year to year and rarely duplicate courses taught in thefall or spring.In addition to three-semester hour courses, WinterSession will also provide opportunities for supplementalone-semester hour and not-for-credit workshops andexperiences. Hence, while students are not required to takeany Winter Session courses, those who do may earn up tofour semester hours in a given year toward graduation.Full-time status for day students continues to be aminimum of 12 semester hours per semester, withoutregard to Winter Session credits.Beyond a fee of $125, day students enrolled full-timeduring both fall and spring semesters are not chargedadditional tuition for Winter Session courses, as long asthey earn no more than 36 semester hours across theacademic year and no more than 18 in one semester. Ifstudents are charged for exceeding 18 semester hours duringthe fall semester, the additional hours they are charged forin the fall semester shall not count toward the 36 hour total.Where they apply, lab and material fees, as well as any travelexpenses, are additional.Resident students wishing to live on campus duringWinter Session must be enrolled in a credit-bearing courseduring Winter Session. Resident students who meet thatenrollment requirement are then not assessed an additionalroom charge for Winter Session. They are, however,required to purchase a three-week meal plan.Winter Session policy and course information isavailable on the web. Students register for Winter Session inthe fall, in the weeks preceding spring registration.Course descriptions for the Winter Session courseslisted below can be found under the individual departmentheadings.Winter Session CoursesAPMU 230 Wesleyan Singers’ Tour (3)ART 105 Introduction to Studio Art (3)ART 110 Representations of Space (3)ART 307 Travel Photography (3)BIO 250 Field Experiences in Biology (3)BIO 460 Zymurgy: Science of Fermentation (3)CHEM 440 Methods of Biochemistry (3)CLAS 175 Sports and Society in AncientGreece/Rome (3)COMM 220 Experimental Film and Video (3)COMM 336 Filmmaking on Hollywood,In Hollywood (3)EES 250 Field Exp in Earth andEnvironmental Sciences (3)ENG 106 College Writing Workshop (2)ENG 107 Practical Grammar (1)ENG 230Environmental Literatureand Ecological Reflection (3)ENG 232 Literature Into Film (3)ENG 367 Ulysses on the Elizabeth (3)ENG/HIST 383 Banned Books and Law inAmerican History (3)ENVS 106 Humans and the Environment (3)FR 400 French Cinema (3)GER 205 The Short Prose of Kafka (3)GER 244 German Women Filmmakers (3)HE 100 Stress Management (1)HHS 308 Gerontological Services (3)HHS 318 Aging in the Media (3)HHS 402 Women on the Brink (3)HHS 410 Homeless in America (3)HIST 262Seminar in the History ofEuropean Cities (3)HIST 375 The History of Piracy (3)HIST 380 Dos Passos’ USA (3)HIST 381 The South of Erskine Caldwell (3)HIST 385 Socialism, Communism,& Marxism Seminar (3)HIST 425 WPA Art and Great Depression (3)HUM 150 Service-Learning in a Global Context (3)HUM 231/431 A Tale of Two Cities: Londonand Paris (3)INST/PORT 123 Hampton Roads Service Learning (1)INST 126 Mus & Folk Cult of SouthernAppalachians (1)INST 150 Introduction to KnittingINST 161 Bees and Beekeeping (1)INST 224 Career Exploration andExternships (1)INST 230 Women of the Caribbean (3)INST 355 Science, Ethics & Public Policy (3)MBE 106 Economics and the Environment (3)MBE 111 Global Commerce (3)MBE 335 Accounting Information Systems (3)PE 106 Basic Pocket Billiards (1)PHIL 316 Needs of the Soul (3)POLS 353 Globalization and Its Discontents (3)PORT 124 Service Learning in Hampton Roads (3)PORT 225 PORTfolio Career Study (3)PSY 394 Psych-Cinema, Story, Science (3)REC 215REC 237Resort Management and Operations:A Case Study (3)Travel’s Impact on Cultureand Environment (3)RELST 265 Extreme Religion (3)SPAN 210 Hispanic Icons and Rituals (3)SPAN 213 Modern Mexico (3)SPAN 270 Latin American Music and Dance (3)

38PLAN OF STUDYThe Honors and Scholars ProgramIn 1985, Virginia Wesleyan initiated an exciting newhonors program called Wesleyan Scholars, which wasexpanded in 1995 to include a broader range of academicachievers. High school seniors who have establishedacademically superior records are invited to apply in the fallprior to their graduation. Honors and Scholars students,including Wesleyan Scholars, participate in academicallychallenging honors courses and in enriching co-curricularexperiences. They also compete for scholarships which maycover tuition costs up to the full amount.Inquiries about the Honors and Scholars Program maybe addressed to the director of Honors and Scholars.ROTCVirginia Wesleyan College offers students the opportunityto enroll in an Army ROTC program through anextension agreement with the established ROTC unit atOld Dominion University. Courses are offered whichdevelop a student’s ability to organize, motivate, and leadothers. Further information on this program may beobtained by contacting the VWC Admissions Office.Study AbroadStudents who have demonstrated maturity andestablished a good academic record are encouraged toconsider the possible advantages of international study for asemester. This opportunity is not limited to students ininternationally-oriented degree programs. College-levelcredit earned abroad is applicable toward Wesleyan degreerequirements as long as the student has obtained priorapproval from the Office of International and InterculturalPrograms and the registrar.Students may choose to study in a variety of countriessuch as England, Japan, Australia, Greece, or Germany aswell as attend our own programs in France, Mexico, andSpain. Interested students may seek information from theOffice of International Programs to receive assistance inchoosing the right program, financial planning, scholarshipsources, credit transfer and support while abroad.Application deadline for the fall semester is March 1; forthe spring semester it is October 15.Virginia Wesleyan students wishing to apply to theseprograms must usually have a quality point average of 3.0or above and permission of their department to studyabroad. Students may transfer a maximum of 18 semesterhours per semester from their program abroad. Creditearned abroad for a Virginia Wesleyan College approvedprogram is considered transfer credit for the purpose of thewriting (W) requirement. Grades earned abroad will not beincluded in the student’s quality point average.College-level credit earned abroad is applicable towardVirginia Wesleyan degree requirements as long as thestudent has obtained prior approval from the registrar.Virginia Wesleyan College has several uniquepartnerships abroad where students may enroll for asemester as an exchange or visiting student. Students enrolldirectly from Virginia Wesleyan and may enjoy specialprivileges during their stay. For more informationconcerning the college exchange with the University ofMadero in Puebla, Mexico, Humboldt Universitat inGermany, or partnerships with the University of Angers inFrance and Oxford Brookes University, please contact theOffice of International and Intercultural Programs.Summer in AustriaSummer in FranceSummer in GermanySummer in MexicoSummer in QuebecSummer in SpainFor information concerning all summer abroadprograms, please contact the Office of International andIntercultural Programs.Adult Studies ProgramVirginia Wesleyan College is committed to encouraginglearning as a lifelong process, and the Adult StudiesProgram (ASP) offers evening and weekend courses to helpmeet the educational needs of adult students, age 23 orolder, whose work, family and community commitmentsrequire scheduling outside of daytime hours. ASP coursestake into consideration the special needs of adult learnerswhile maintaining the academic quality found in allWesleyan programs. Courses are offered for those who planto complete a degree as well as for those who desire to takeindividual courses for personal enrichment or careeradvancement.Adult Studies students may pursue their studies oneither a full-time (12 credits per semester) or part-timebasis, and as either a classified student (i.e., pursuing adegree or other designated program) or unclassified student(taking individual courses for credit, but not towards adegree or designated program).AdmissionTo start the application process, new students arerequired to meet with an Adult Studies Program adviser. Tobe eligible for admission, you must have graduated fromhigh school or received your high school equivalencycertification.There are no required entry exams. While adult studentsare generally expected to be at least 23 years of age, thereare special circumstances whereby those age 21 or 22 canbe considered for admission (check with the ASP officefor details).Transfer Students: The Adult Studies staff will issue anunofficial transcript evaluation to assist you in structuringyour program at Virginia Wesleyan. Once you have appliedand been accepted, and official copies of all collegetranscripts have been received, you will receive an officialtranscript evaluation from the registrar. Studentstransferring from a Virginia community college whocomplete an associate’s degree with a cumulative grade

PLAN OF STUDY 39point average of 2.5 or higher may transfer to VirginiaWesleyan College with junior standing. To be eligible forguaranteed admission, students must complete a transferorientedassociate’s degree, and must have declared intent totransfer to Virginia Wesleyan College.Internal Transfer: Sometimes changes in a student’scircumstances or goals may make it necessary to transferinternally between the day program and the Adult StudiesProgram. Although the college does not permit repeatedswitching between the two programs, a process exists toaccommodate this need when the circumstances warrant.However, students who first enroll in one branch of thecollege and subsequently change to the other programremain bound by the foreign language requirement of theprogram in which they first enrolled unless three fullsemesters or more elapse between their departure and thesemester for which they seek readmission. Studentsinterested in an internal transfer should contact either theAdmissions Office or the Adult Studies Office.Financial Aid: The amount of traditional financial aidavailable to part-time students is limited. To qualify,students must demonstrate financial need and carry at leastsix semester hours per semester. Basic financial aidinformation is available in the Adult Studies Office. Sincetraditional financial assistance is limited, Virginia Wesleyanhas developed a unique “Adult Incentive Grant” throughwhich the Adult Studies tuition rate is substantially reducedfrom the day program rate.Another form of financial assistance is our “EmployerTuition Deferral” (ETD) program, which enablesqualifying participants to defer their payment of tuitionuntil their employer reimburses them at the end of thesemester. In addition, military tuition assistance andveterans’ benefits may be applied toward your tuition forASP courses, and a limited number of scholarships areawarded annually to selected ASP students, based onfinancial need and academic achievement. Details aboutthese various forms of financial assistance can be obtainedat the ASP office or on the ASP home page. Contact theCollege’s financial aid office for information about federalfinancial aid eligibility.Major ProgramsSeveral majors are available through the Adult StudiesProgram. See listings in the “Major Programs” and“Programs and Courses” sections of this catalog for detailedinformation on each of these programs:1. Management/Business/Economics Liberal ArtsManagement Program (LAMP)—see page 1222. Criminal Justice—see pages 29, 165 - area of SocialSciences concentration3. Social Science Divisional Major with a concentrationin criminal justice, history, political science,psychology, or sociology—see page 294. Social Studies—see page 295. PIDME—PreK-6 teacher preparation program*—see page, 39, 75•PIDME (Prescribed Interdivisional MajorElementary) This is a major for students working towardteacher certification in grades PreK-6 as an elementaryschool or special education teacher. The identified coursesmeet the teacher competencies required by theCommonwealth of Virginia. PRAXIS I and VCLA must bepassed to Virginia standards before enrolling in theprofessional education course work sequence. PRAXIS IImust be taken before student teaching and immediatelyafter finishing the PIDME content sequence. Studentsseeking this certification must also pass the VirginiaReading Assessment test before they can be considered aprogram completer and apply for certification.Depending on a student’s current circumstances andeducational background, other majors may be available onan individual basis.Alternative Certification for Teachers (ACT)Program: Alternative Certification for Teachers (ACT) isdesigned to prepare career changers to teach in the contentareas of math, earth science, chemistry, biology, English,art, music, foreign language, and history/social studies forgrades 6-12 (art, music, and foreign language grades K-12)as well as special education. The elementary alternatecertification program will prepare career changers to teachin elementary school grades PreK-6. This innovativeevening program provides the professional knowledgenecessary for effective classroom teaching. It is for careerchangers who have already earned a four-year degree andpossess the general knowledge, liberal arts background, andcontent area competencies incorporated in traditionalteacher education programs and who demonstratesignificant involvement in a career for at least one year.The professional educational courses includefoundations of education, human growth and development,curriculum and instructional procedures, reading, specialeducation, computer skills, classroom management, andsuccessful classroom experience. The coursework has beencarefully designed to respond to the teacher competenciesdetailed in the Licensure Regulations for School Personnel,Virginia Department of Education. PRAXIS I and VCLAmust be passed at time of application (see EducationDepartment elsewhere in this catalog for details). The ACTprogram also provides coursework for conditional/provisionallicensed teachers.General InformationDegree Requirements: Requirements for ASP studentsto complete the B.A. degree at Virginia Wesleyan are thesame as those for day students, with one exception.Regardless of how many hours they transfer in, ASPstudents are required to successfully complete two semesters(rather than four) of one foreign language. Two years of aforeign language in high school with a “C” or better averagewill fulfill this requirement.Audit: You may audit Adult Studies Program courseswithout record for a fee of $50.00 per semester hour.Certain courses may be audited only on a space-availablebasis. Audit registrations may not change to credit status ata later date. Students who audit with record are required to

40 PLAN OF STUDYpay the current Adult Studies tuition rate and are graded ona satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis. Senior citizens (age 62 orover) may audit Virginia Wesleyan courses on a spaceavailablebasis for $50 per course.Advising: Academic counseling and extended office hoursare provided for evening students by the Adult StudiesOffice. Help is available to assist you in making a transitioninto college life, a mid-life career change, or advancementand career development.Class Schedules: Our class schedule accommodates thetraditional work day, with classes that meet in the eveningand on alternate weekends. Our program is flexible toaccommodate your busy schedule. The average part-timestudent takes one or two courses each semester, but you canwork towards a degree as slowly or as rapidly as you wish.Part-time students are also encouraged to enroll in thesummer sessions.Summer Sessions: For both day and evening students,the summer schedule offers a variety of courses in sessionsof three, five and a half, and eleven weeks. You may enrollin any combination of courses and sessions that meet yourneeds up to a maximum of twelve semester hours. Studentsrequiring additional coursework during the summer needthe approval of the academic dean.Alternative Forms of Credit.College Level Examination Program (CLEP): VirginiaWesleyan College participates in the College LevelExamination Program. CLEP is a national program ofcredit-by-examination that offers a student the opportunityto obtain recognition for college-level achievement. Anycurrently enrolled student may earn college credit throughCLEP in the subject areas as well as five general areas(English composition, mathematics, natural sciences,humanities, and social sciences/history) earned prior totheir last 30 semester hours at VWC. A student may beawarded a maximum of 30 semester hours for CLEP (or acombination of CLEP/DANTES) credit. Currentlyenrolled students must obtain the registrar’s approval byapplying through WebAdvisor before scheduling a testingsession.Additional information is available on the Registrar’sOffice home page. See www.vwc.edu/academics.Military Credit: The guidelines set forth by the AmericanCouncil on Education (ACE) are followed when grantingcredit for educational experiences in the armed services.Students should submit a SMART transcript. Creditawarded must be equivalent to courses offered at VirginiaWesleyan College or logical extensions thereof and reviewedby faculty. A student may be awarded a maximum of 30semester hours for military credit.Academic StandingSelective Retention Policy: Except under extraordinarycircumstances as determined by the Committee onAcademic Standing, the following policy will govern theacademic status of students (academic probation, dismissal,suspension).A cumulative grade point average of 2.0 (C) is requiredfor good academic standing at Virginia Wesleyan College.When a student’s average falls below 2.0, the conditions ofhis academic status vary with his classification. In any case,the probationary status of each student always requires himto schedule special conferences with his adviser and, onsome occasions, with the dean of the college.The freshman student who does not achieve at least a1.6 after undertaking the equivalent of one semester of fulltimeacademic work is automatically on academicprobation. All freshmen must have at least a 1.6 cumulativeaverage after undertaking the equivalent of two semesters offull-time academic work. Freshmen who do not achieve thisstandard will be eligible for suspension or dismissal.Any student whose cumulative average is below 1.8 afterundertaking the equivalent of three semesters of full-timeacademic work is automatically on academic probation.All students must have at least a 2.0 cumulative averageafter undertaking the equivalent of four semesters of fulltimeacademic work or they will be eligible for suspensionor dismissal.At any time after undertaking the equivalent of fivesemesters of full-time academic work any student isautomatically on probation if his cumulative grade pointaverage falls below 2.0. Such a student who is on probationwill be expected to raise his cumulative average to at least2.0 by the end of the next semester of full-time academicwork or be eligible for suspension or dismissal.If, at the end of any given semester, the cumulativegrade point average of a sophomore, junior, or senior fallsbelow 1.6, the student will be eligible for suspension ordismissal.Any student who fails more than half of the semesterhours in his or her academic load in any semester aftercompletion of two or more semesters will be subject tosuspension for two terms or dismissal.Transfer students fall within this policy according to thetotal number of college semesters attempted.The suspended student will not receive transfer creditfor any course work taken at another institution during thetwo terms immediately following the suspension.After being out of college for two terms (summercounting as a term), the suspended student may apply tothe Committee on Academic Standing (through the dean ofadmissions) for readmission. If the student is readmitted,the conditions shall be established by the Committee onAcademic Standing at the time of readmission and shall be

PLAN OF STUDY41communicated to the student in writing by the dean ofadmissions. Once suspended, students who do not meet theconditions of their final probation will be dismissed fromVirginia Wesleyan College.Students who have been academically dismissed by theCommittee on Academic Standing for five years or moremay apply for readmission. Conditions for readmissioninclude submitting a statement, along with relevantsupporting documentation, of academic and/or workrelatedaccomplishments since last enrolled at the College.The material is intended to offer evidence that the studenthas grown in maturity, ability to handle responsibility, andcommitment to achievement such that they should be ableto experience academic success if allowed to begin theirstudies again at VWC. If readmitted, the student will begiven the option of Academic Clemency.In implementing this policy, the “Equivalent of onesemester of full-time academic work” is defined as aminimum of 12 semester hours; two semesters, 24 semesterhours; three semesters, 36 semester hours; four semesters,48 semester hours.The maximum academic credit load for a student onacademic probation is 13 semester hours. Any student witha cumulative grade point average of less than 2.0 is alsolimited to 13 semester hours.Each student is responsible for being aware of his or herown academic standing relative to the college policy and isentitled to an appeal decision of the Committee. Letters ofappeal should be directed to the chairperson located in theRegistrar’s Office.Academic ClemencyA student who has been readmitted following academicdismissal by the Committee on Academic Standing for fiveyears or more will be given the option of requestingacademic clemency under the provisions stated below:•If desired, the student must request academic clemencyat the time of first readmission following academicdismissal. Once requested and approved and thestudent has enrolled, academic clemency cannot berescinded.•The student must follow the Academic Catalog ineffect at the time of readmission.•The option is available to degree-seeking students onlyand applies to all previous course work with gradesbelow “C” (2.00).•Previous VWC course work with grades below “C”(2.00) will not be used to satisfy any graduationrequirement nor will the grades be calculated in thecumulative GPA or hours earned.•All course work and forgiven grades remain on theacademic transcript. A statement of academic clemencywill be entered after each semester for which coursework is forgiven.•Students who receive academic clemency are notprecluded from graduating with Latin honors.•A second academic dismissal is permanent and withoutappeal.

PLAN OF STUDY43Center for Sacred Music • Center for the Study of Religious Freedom

44 CENTER FOR SACRED MUSICThe Center for Sacred Music at Virginia WesleyanCollege educates students for careers in churchmusic ministry, and offers opportunities for allstudents to broaden their awareness of the music and ritualthat have been part of humankind’s various faithexpressions since the world began.Church Music Certificate Program: The ChurchMusic Certificate at Virginia Wesleyan offers practical andtheoretical knowledge for Church Music Ministry careerpreparation. The course of study includes academic courses,symposia attendance, critical observations of area churchmusic programs, and participation in the College’s annualSacred Music Summer Conference. It has been recognizedby the College Board for its excellence in training churchmusicians in the liberal arts setting.Three semester-length courses are offered: Sacred MusicHistory, Directing Church Choirs, and Hymnology andChoral Literature (offered as MUS 310: Topics in SacredMusic) and are requirements for the certificate program,but may also be taken as a supplement to other curricula,and provide a theoretical basis of study.Sacred Music-of-the-World SymposiumSeries: The Center offers an annual symposium series tofoster understanding, and to encourage an appreciation fordiversity in the sacred music and ritual of various faithcommunities. Offered during the campus co-curricularhour on occasional Tuesdays and Thursdays throughout theacademic year, programs are designed to appeal to studentsin all disciplines.Past topics have included “Sacred Sounds: CulturalUnity and Diversity,” a four-part series; “Then Sings MySoul” on the four streams of American ProtestantHymnody; “Let All the World in Every Corner Sing,” anexamination of “service music” used in various worldreligions; “Here Comes the Bride,” wedding ritual andmusic in various world traditions; and “Sing Me ToHeaven,” an exploration of the music and ceremony used incultures for funerals and services of remembrance.Performance Opportunities: The Wesleyan FestivalChorus is a massed choir of students and communitysingers linking choral musicians with the finest conductorsin the world for worship leadership and for concertperformances. Each summer, the chorus presents twoevents as part of the Sacred Music Summer Conference.CENTER FORSACRED MUSICSacred Music Summer Conference: The SacredMusic Summer Conference is a non-denominationalshowcase for outstanding instruction in the sacred arts.Steeped in the Wesley tradition of “training minds andwarming hearts,” the conference offers workshops forstudents preparing for church music ministry careers, thosealready active in the profession, and music teachers.An average of 200 people participate each year,participating in workshop sessions in choral conducting,congregational singing, organ, handbells, children’s choirs,and all areas of church music ministry. The event is led by18 guest faculty and members of the VWC musicdepartment. The evening worship and choral concert choirsprovide an unparalleled experience for those who enjoysinging under the direction of world-renowned conductors.The Virginia Wesleyan College AnthemSeries: In 2008, the Center for Sacred Music developed achoral anthem series with MorningStar Music Publishers ofSt. Louis, Missouri, entitled “Music from AmericanColleges and Universities.” VWC holds the honor of thepremiere work in that series; an anthem commissionedfrom Texan composer Hal Hopson in celebration of the300th anniversary of the birth of Charles Wesley in 2007.This contribution to American music continues thecollege’s legacy, joining the VWC Choral Anthem Series theCenter developed in 1998 with Hinshaw Music Publishersof Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Now in its tenth year, thatseries includes 11 choral anthems. An additional fouranthems that have been dedicated to the work of the Centerare published by Choristers Guild Publishing, AugsburgPress, and Hal Leonard Music Publishers. Through itsvarious festivals and conferences, the Center commissionsnew music which is premiered at VWC, then madeavailable to the world. Anthems from this catalog ofpublications are used by church and school chorusesthroughout the country, and several have been selected forDistrict Chorus and All-State repertoire selections. VWCjoins Duke University and St. Olaf College as only the thirdinstitution of higher education with a named music series.The Wesley Seminary Connection: VWC’sCenter for Sacred Music collaborates with WesleyTheological Seminary to offer a graduate level ChurchMusic Certificate. Offered as part of the Seminary’s“Equipping Lay Ministry Certificate Program,” studentsmay register through Wesley for classes held at VirginiaWesleyan or at the Seminary’s Washington, D.C. campus.The Center’s Sacred Music Summer Conference fulfills oneof the course requirements for this certificate.

CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM45CENTER FOR THE STUDYOF RELIGIOUS FREEDOMWhy have a Center for the Study of ReligiousFreedom at a liberal arts college with a UnitedMethodist heritage? The answer is simple.We live in a complex and rapidly changing world.Religious and cultural pluralism are prominent features ofour social reality. If we are to be engaged and productivecitizens, we must learn to appreciate the diverse perspectivesfrom which the world is viewed. A liberal arts educationhelps prepare students to do this. By the same token,respect for diversity has always been part of the Methodisttradition. The United Methodist Church’s social principlescondemn all forms of religious intolerance, while stronglyaffirming the fundamental importance of religious libertyand church-state separation. In short, Virginia WesleyanCollege’s commitment to the value of a liberal artseducation, combined with its United Methodist heritage,make it an ideal setting for such a Center.Mission: The mission of the Center for the Study ofReligious Freedom at Virginia Wesleyan College is:• Education: to provide Virginia Wesleyan studentswith an informed understanding of religious freedomas a basic human right;• Scholarship: to engage in sustained study of the legal,social and theological conditions of religious freedom;• Engagement: to combat religious intolerance byconstructively engaging our society’s broad religiouspluralism.Combining the resources of the College and the widercommunity, the Center provides a vehicle for educationand scholarship and a forum where people of diverse faithtraditions (or none) can come together for respectfuldialogue and mutual understanding.Faculty and Student Involvement: The study ofreligious freedom is inherently interdisciplinary, drawing ona wide range of disciplines including history, politicalscience, religious studies, and other fields. Faculty membersfrom across the college’s academic divisions contribute tothe Center’s work through the teaching in these disciplinesand by participating in Center programs.Students benefit from Center educational programs inmany ways. Center courses affirm the value of diverseperspectives and methodologies in understanding complexissues (see page 61). The Center’s public educational eventsoffer additional opportunities for student enrichment.Students involved in service learning programs orcommunity service organizations may work with theCenter on specific projects. The Center’s library includesmore than 1,000 books on religious freedom and relatedissues, and these materials are available to students, faculty,and other interested users.Community Initiatives: Each year, the Centersponsors several educational events that reach beyond thecampus community and invite the larger public into ourongoing exploration of religious freedom. Interfaith paneldiscussions, semester-long symposia on particular issues,presentations on sacred music, plays, and films are amongthe types of programs regularly offered by the Center. Manyevents are arranged in partnership with local organizationsor faith communities. One of the Center’s hallmarkprograms is the NEXUS Interfaith Dialogue Series.“Nexus” means “a point of connection,” and this is justwhat NEXUS is about: connecting people of all faithsthrough open and respectful dialogue. These personalencounters are vital in our struggle to overcome religiousintolerance in our society.The Center seeks not only to educate our minds, but totouch our hearts and transform our communities. Thisrequires respectful engagement with those whoseworldviews are different from our own. We need not beafraid of our religious differences. Instead, we can choose tosee them as opportunities for mutual understanding andgrowth. This process of committed engagement deepensour self-understanding, strengthens our communities, andreaffirms the democratic principles that support religiousfreedom.The Center for the Study of Religious Freedom islocated on the first floor of Clarke Hall. You are welcome tocome by and visit. You may also want to visit our website:www.vwc.edu/csrf.

46 CENTER FOR SACRED MUSIC

CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM47Careers

48 CAREERShat kind of job can I get with a major in“WFrench?” “If I want to be a lawyer, whatmajor is appropriate?’’ “What kinds of careers areavailable working with children?” “What is the correctadmission test for entering a graduate business school?”These are just a sampling of the kinds of questions studentshave while in college. The efforts of the Career ServicesCenter at Virginia Wesleyan College are devoted to helping.Students decide on a college major and career, gainexperience while a student, search for employment and/orapply to graduate school. Following are some of theprograms and services that are offered.INDIVIDUAL APPOINTMENTS: Career counselingis available on an individual basis, to discuss the student’smajor, career, job search and graduate school concerns.Interest inventories are available to help students identifycareer and major options.CAREER RESOURCES: Makes available a library andcomprehensive website with specific self-assessment,occupational, graduate school, internship, and job searchinformation. Copies of selected publications are available,free of charge.WORKSHOPS: Offered numerous times throughout theyear. Topics include: Choosing a Major; Job SearchStrategies; Resume Writing and Job Search Correspondence;Business and Social Etiquette; Choosing andApplying to Graduate School, and Interviewing Skills,including videotapes of practice interviews.EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING: Students may open thedoor for employment after graduation by participating ininternships and shadowing externships while in school.Through these learning experiences, students gain exposureto fields of interest, relevant work skills, and professionalcontacts. Career Services advises students on locating andestablishing an experience to meet individual needs.Listings are maintained by the office. Many major areas ofstudy at Virginia Wesleyan provide students with theopportunity to participate in an internship for credit duringthe junior or senior year. Check with each academicdepartment to learn about their criteria for completing acredit bearing internship.JOB SEARCH ASSISTANCE: Part-time, summer, andfull-time job leads and internships are provided to studentsthrough job fairs, networking events, listings of currentopenings on the Career Services Center website,employment activities on campus, and Resume Referral.Virginia Wesleyan College is an active participant in Career15, sponsored by the Virginia Foundation for IndependentColleges. Through this program, seniors may interviewwith selected Fortune 500 companies.While Virginia Wesleyan offers a significant number ofcareer preparation possibilities, the majority of the College’smajors are not designed as instruments of “technicaltraining” for specific jobs. Rather, students are expected toCAREERSacquire and to develop abilities in written and oralcommunication, research, critical thinking and decisionmaking which provide the flexibility that will prepare themto cope with a world of constant change.Pre-ProfessionalInformationMedicine, Dentistry, and Veterinary Medicine:Students who wish to pursue careers in these fields mustmeet the admissions requirements for the professionalschool of their choice. Those standards include interest ingrades, relevant co-curricular activities and appropriateinternships, externships, and research. At VWC, the Pre-Professional Committee assists in the application process byproviding guidance to students and by conductinginterviews with students during the fall semester of thesenior year. In addition, the Pre-Professional Club is astudent-run organization that sponsors a variety of activitiesincluding seminars by professionals from various fields,campus visits and meetings with admissions officials frompre-professional programs, and student volunteer activities.The club meets at least twice each semester. Students whohave an interest in pursuing a career in dentistry, medicine,or veterinary medicine are encouraged to consult with Dr.Victor R. Townsend, Jr.Medical School: Students applying for medical schoolare expected to have gained a broad exposure to medicineprior to the submission of their application. Students arealso expected to attain a satisfactory score on the medicalschool admissions test (MCAT) and to complete thefollowing courses: General Biology, 2 semesters (BIO 131,BIO 132); General Chemistry, 2 semesters (CHEM 117,CHEM 118); Organic Chemistry, 2 semesters (CHEM 311,CHEM 321, CHEM 312, CHEM 322); and Physics, 2semesters (PHYS 215 and PHYS 216 or PHYS 221 andPHYS 222). It is also strongly recommended that studentscomplete the following courses: Human Anatomy andPhysiology (BIO 221); Comparative Anatomy (BIO 372);Histology (BIO 371); Biochemistry (CHEM 437); andEthics and Health Care (PHIL 221/321). These additionalcourses are not required but may have a major effect upona student’s success on the MCAT.Dental School: Students applying for dental school areexpected to attain a satisfactory score on the dental schooladmissions test (DAT) and to complete the followingcourses: General Biology, 2 semesters (BIO 131, BIO 132);General Chemistry, 2 semesters (CHEM 117, CHEM 118);Organic Chemistry, 2 semesters (CHEM 311, CHEM 321,CHEM 312, CHEM 322); and Physics, 2 semesters (PHYS215 and PHYS 216 or PHYS 221 and PHYS 222). Somedental schools may also require additional courses inbiochemistry, psychology, and English.

CAREERS49Schools of Veterinary Medicine: Students applyingfor graduate programs in veterinary medicine are expectedto have gained significant experience working with animalsand to have attained a satisfactory score on the graduaterecord examination (GRE). Specific course requirementsvary between schools and students are expected to contactprograms about their specific requirements prior to thesubmission of an application. In general, students shouldcomplete the following courses: General Biology,2 semesters (BIO 131, BIO 132); General Chemistry,2 semesters (CHEM 117, CHEM 118); Organic Chemistry,2 semesters (CHEM 311, CHEM 321, CHEM 312,CHEM 322); Biochemistry, I semester, (CHEM 437);Physics, 2 semesters (PHYS 215 and PHYS 216 or PHYS221 and PHYS 222); English, 2 semesters; Mathematics, 2semesters (college algebra or higher); and Social Sciences, 2semesters. It is also strongly recommended that studentscomplete Comparative Anatomy (BIO 372) and Histology(BIO 371).Allied Health Professions: Students who wish toenter allied health professions (dental hygiene, pharmacy,nursing, health care management, medical technology,occupational therapy, physical therapy, and radiologicaltechnology) will need to complete at least two years andmay want to complete four years of preparatory studies atVirginia Wesleyan College before making application to agiven professional school. Students interested in any ofthese preparatory programs should contact Dr. Victor R.Townsend, Jr. for a listing of required courses.Church-related Vocations: Christian ministry intoday’s world takes many forms such as the pastoralministry, Christian education, hospital and militarychaplaincies, teaching in church-related colleges, andcounseling. A broadly based program of studies in theliberal arts is required for admission to the graduate schoolswhich prepare persons for these ministries. The focus of thisprogram of study may be in the field of religion or someother area of the humanities or the social sciences. Thecollege chaplain, Robert W. Chapman, is available as avocational adviser for students who are contemplatingChristian vocations.Health and Human Services: The designation “humanservices” covers a broad spectrum of career possibilities.Virginia Wesleyan’s program in human services providessignificant training for students who wish to enter careersoriented toward direct service, to community action, to thelegislative process, or to administrative planning. There is awell defined program in each of these areas whichculminates in an internship which is related to a givenstudent’s interests. Students who are interested in thisprogram should contact Dr. Benjamin Dobrin for moreinformation.Law: Numbers of Virginia Wesleyan College students havesuccessfully gained entrance into law school. No singlemajor is recommended for students interested in pursuinga legal career. It is important to note, however, that lawschools emphasize the importance of a broad-based liberalarts education in which the student has excelled. Studentswho are interested in the pre-law course of study at VirginiaWesleyan should contact Ms. Deborah L. Hicks.Environmental Studies: In the context of our role as aliberal arts institution in preparing students for citizenshipand social responsibility, Virginia Wesleyan offers twoapproaches to environmental studies. First, students maychoose the more traditional science track by majoring inbiology, chemistry or general science which will preparestudents for pursuing advanced degrees in ecology,environmental science or toxicology. Students interested inthis approach should contact Dr. Garry E. Noe.A second approach that integrates the divergentperspectives of the liberal arts tradition is the interdisciplinarymajor, environmental studies. The flexibility ofthis track and the breadth of its curricular options allow itto meet a diversity of student interests and needs inenvironmental education. Students interested in thisapproach should contact Dr. Lawrence D. Hultgren or Dr.Maynard H. Schaus.

50 CAREERS

52PROGRAMS AND COURSESPROGRAMS AND COURSESSPECIAL DESIGNATIONSCollege courses are numbered at the 100, 200,300, and 400 levels. Traditionally, these levelscorrespond roughly to the freshman, sophomore,junior, and senior sequence of class standings. As a rule,courses numbered at the 100 and 200 levels areintroductory and have a broad educational utility. Coursesnumbered at the 300 and 400 levels generally build onprevious introductory offerings and have a more specificeducational utility.100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . freshman level200 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sophomore level300 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . junior level400 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . senior levelCourses which count toward a given General Studiesrequirement can be easily identified by a capital letterfollowing the course title.(W) Writing Courses(A) Aesthetic Experience and Criticism(E) Empirical Knowledge(V) Ethical Values, World Views andFaith Perspectives(H) Historical Perspective(C) Communications(S) Institutional and Cultural Systems(I) Senior Integrative ExperienceACADEMIC SKILLSDEVELOPMENTMS. ALTHIA WOODSON-ROBINSONSome students who have graduated from high schoolfind that they are still lacking in certain skills which areimportant for college success. Through the academic skillsdevelopment program, Virginia Wesleyan College offersassistance to students to improve their skills in thinking,writing, reading, and basic computation.A writing lab is available for those who needindividualized attention for improving their writingcapabilities.The Math Department offers special courses andtutoring services for students whose computational skillsneed improvement.Tutoring, and/or workshops in any subject are availableto students desiring or needing improvement of study skillstechniques in a group or on an individual basis through theLearning Center.The college also provides additional assistance tostudents who need to improve such skills as readingcomprehension, vocabulary, note taking, speed reading,and test-taking techniques.ACADEMIC SKILLSDEVELOPMENT (ASD)301 Tutoring (1)Upper-class students who have received grades of no lessthan B may participate in tutoring for credit. To earn onesemester hour, students will comply with a 30-hourtutoring contract. Tutoring sessions will be supervised bythe coordinator of learning resources and approved by theinstructor of the course tutored. Course offered on basis ofneed for tutors.AMERICAN STUDIESDR. CONNIE BELLAMY, Program CoordinatorThe American Studies major invites students to explorethe rich history and culture of the United States. Aninterdisciplinary major within the liberal arts, AmericanStudies prepares students for careers in a myriad of fieldssuch as law, social service, teaching, journalism, business,library science, and the making of public policy, as well asfor graduate and professional degrees. The flexible academicprogram allows students to design an individualized courseof study drawing on a wide variety of disciplines, includinghistory, politics, criminal justice, and government; art, film,theatre, journalism, and literature; education, economics,sociology, religion, and others. Virginia Wesleyan’sAmerican Studies Program is located near many of theimportant places where history was made and continues tobe made: Jamestown, Williamsburg, Washington, D.C.,and by the homes of historical figures such as GeorgeWashington, Thomas Jefferson, and Robert E. Lee. It offersstudents an important and exciting educational experienceboth in and outside the classroom.AMERICAN STUDIESCOURSES (AMST)200 Introduction to American Culture Studies (3)Introduces students to the interdisciplinary field ofAmerican culture studies and exposes them to a variety ofapproaches to understanding American nationalexperiences, values, and ideals as they are reflected in verbal,visual, and material artifacts and human interactions.Investigates the myths and cultural narratives associatedwith these artifacts that have shaped our definition of whatit means to be American and general perceptions aboutAmerican culture. Offered each fall.ANTHROPOLOGY(See Sociology)

ART/ART HISTORY 53ART/ART HISTORYMS. SHARON SWIFT, Program CoordinatorMR. PHILIP GUILFOYLEDR. JOYCE HOWELLMR. JOHN RUDELThe Art Department at Virginia Wesleyan Collegeoffers courses in studio art and art history, balancing artproduction with an awareness of related cultural values.The art major consists of core courses in studio art and arthistory, upper-level art electives in a choice of media, and acapstone course that includes creating a body of work andexhibiting it. Class work is supported by ongoing artexhibitions in two campus gallery spaces, as well as fieldtrips to local and regional museums and galleries. Artmajors can also earn certification for teaching bysupplementing the major with specific education coursesand in-service teaching.Minors in both studio art and art history are offered.Students should carefully select courses for the minor thatcorrespond with their interests or strengthen skills neededfor art related careers in communications, design, business,recreation, therapy, arts management and other creativefields.Major RequirementsCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLESEM.HRS.ART 1013Computer ArtART 1113Drawing IART 1123Painting IART 1173CeramicsART 2113Sculpture IOne of the following:ART 221FibersART 222 3Weaving and MosaicsART 223JewelryART 2253PhotographyART 4503Studio Art SeminarArt Electives, 300-400 level 15ART 231Ancient and Medieval Art3ART 232Renaissance to 20th Century ArtARTH Elective, 300-400 level 3ADDITIONAL COURSES NEEDEDFOR A CERTIFICATION INART EDUCATIONSee continuation of choices next page3TOTAL 48INST 202The School and Society3EDUC 225Characteristics of the Learner3EDUC 338Middle Education Teaching Methods 6-83EDUC 319Reading in the Content Areas3EDUC 303Applied Technology for Innovative Instruction3EDUC 340Secondary Practicum 6-121EDUC 375Content Teaching Methods3EDUC 445Secondary Preservice Teaching I7.5EDUC 446Secondary Preservice Teaching II7.5SPED 372Learning Disabilities & the Exceptional Child 3COMM 222Speech 3ENG 222Modern English Grammar 3Minor Requirements: Studio ArtTOTAL 43COURSE NUMBER AND TITLE(See p. 31 for general minor requirements)SEM.HRS.ART 111Drawing I OR 3ART 112Painting IOne of the following:ART 117CeramicsART 211 3Sculpture IART 212Sculpture II

54ART/ART HISTORYChart continued from previous pageART 101Computer ArtART 225PhotographyORStudio Art electives at 300/400 level 9Minor Requirements: Art History3TOTAL 18COURSE NUMBER AND TITLE(See p. 31 for general minor requirements)ARTH 231Ancient and Medieval ArtARTH 232Renaissance to 20th Century ArtSEM.HRS.Art History electives 300/400 level 9Art History elective, any level 333TOTAL 18ART COURSES (ART)101 Computer Art (3)Explores the computer as an art-making tool. Includespractice exercises to learn software. Topics include photomanipulation, the use of color, typestyles, page design andcomposition. Students apply these concepts and skills tooriginal, digital artworks. Studio class. Lab fee. Offeredeach semester.105 Introduction to Studio Art (3) (A)(Winter Session)Introduces the basic studio materials and techniques formaking art in a variety of media which may includepainting, drawing, ceramics, sculpture, printmaking, crafts,fibers, and/or electronic technology. Includes lectures,demonstrations, studio participation and production,museum and/or artist studio visits, and related historicalinformation. Studio class. Lab fee. Offered in selectedWinter Sessions.110 Representations of Space (3) (A)(Winter Session)Uses studio exercises and group critiques of classprojects to explore visual perception and two-dimensionalrepresentation of the world. Students explore traditionaldrawing techniques and photographic imagery to develop arepertoire of intellectual, visual, and graphic techniques.Offered in selected Winter Sessions.111 Drawing I (3) (A)Acquaints students with the basic concept of drawingwith various media, including pencil, charcoal, chalk, andpen and ink. Experiences in skill-building exercises areemphasized as well as their practical application. Studioclass. Offered each fall.112 Painting I (3) (A)An examination of basic painting techniques. Studentsstudy and experiment with a variety of paintingexperiences, including watercolor, acrylics, and oil types.Numerous kinds of applications are employed on variousworking-surface materials. Students use these experiences tocreate their own pictorial interpretations. Studio class.Offered each fall.117 Ceramics (3) (A)Structured to provide an introduction to ceramic artproduction, balanced with ceramic art history, criticism andaesthetics. Course topics include the development oftechniques for hand-building and throwing on the potter’swheel, clay and glaze preparation, glazing and kiln firing.The course provides students of all skill levels with a solidfoundation in ceramics, to advance the student to a higherlevel of art production. Studio class. Lab fee. Offered eachsemester.210 Raku Ceramics (3) (A)Introduces the materials and techniques for makingRaku-type ceramics. Topics include basic formingtechniques, clay properties, glazes, surface development,firing equipment and techniques, and related historicalinformation. Studio class. Lab fee.211 Sculpture I (3) (A)Explores the possibilities of sculptural form and threedimensionalproblem solving through materials such ascardboard, paper, clay, plaster, wood, metal, etc. Emphasisis placed on the understanding of three-dimensionalconcepts of relief and sculpture-in-the-round throughcarving, modeling, and constructing. Studio class. Lab fee.212 Sculpture II (3) (A)Deals with the sculptural concepts of the 19th and 20thcenturies. A variety of materials are used to develop theconcepts of mobiles, modules, and constructions, with anemphasis on the creative approach. Studio class. Lab fee.218/318 Ceramics II (3) (A)A continuation of Ceramics I with special emphasis onwheel techniques and thrown forms. Students experimentwith different clays and glazes and have the opportunity tofire their own works. Prerequisite: ART 117 or consent.Studio class. Lab fee.221/322 Fibers (3) (A)Investigates the possibilities of fibers as a craft material.Includes basic concepts and techniques of selected fiber artsprocesses which may include: weaving, batik, papermaking,fabric enrichment, and basketry. Studio class. Lab fee.

ART/ART HISTORY55222/324 Weaving & Mosaics (3)Investigates the concepts and techniques of weaving andmosaics. Basic weaving techniques with a variety of loomsare used with an emphasis on creativity. Mosaics areaccomplished with purchased, found, and hand-madetesera. Studio class. Lab fee.223/326 Jewelry (3) (A)Basic jewelry techniques are explored in an effort towardcreative jewelry. A variety of materials such as metals,plastics, natural and manmade fibers are used, along withtechniques such as cutting, soldering, planishing,enameling, and etching. Emphasis is placed on basic designand craftsmanship. Studio class. Lab fee.225 Photography (3) (A)Explores photography as an art form. Topics include thecontrol of basic camera functions, digital media and film,composition, artistic techniques, and laws impacting theuse of photos. Students must supply their own digital or35mm film camera with manual control options. Studentsare responsible for the commercial development of allprints. Studio class.301 Digital Imaging (3)Explores the computer as a tool for personal expressionand production of artworks. Aesthetic topics concentrateon the effective use of color and composition in originaldigital projects. Topics include intermediate features of artsoftware and web-based portfolios. Studio course. Lab fee.Prerequisite: ART 101.303 Graphic Design (3)An introduction to the tools, methods, principles andpractice of graphic design. Topics include visualcommunication, the use of type, the importance of visualresearch to design, communicating with vendors, clientsand audiences, and the efficient use of graphics software.Students create an interview-quality portfolio. Lab fee.Prerequisite: ART 101 or JOUR 303.305 Drawing II (3)An in-depth concentration on skills and methodslearned and experienced in ART 111 with emphasis placedon individual creativity, composition and drawing as anaesthetic. Prerequisite: ART 111 or consent.306 Painting II (3)An in-depth concentration on two major areas ofpainting—watercolor and collage. Students build onpainting concepts and skills learned and experienced inART 112. Prerequisite: ART 112 or consent.307 Travel Photography (3) (A)(Winter Session)A studio course featuring on-location photography.Includes travel to specific locations, regions or foreigncountries. Topics include improving photographic skills,experiencing local art and culture and creatinginterpretations of travel experiences. Students must providetheir own digital camera. Travel may be physicallydemanding. Course may be repeated for additional credit.Prerequisite: consent. Offered in selected winter andsummer sessions.310 Clay Sculpture (3) (A)Designed around the possibilities of sculptural form inclay with the emphasis on handbuilding methods. Finishesand firing techniques are covered as are the elements ofsculpture. Studio course. Lab fee. Prerequisite: ART 117,211 or consent.311 Advanced Paint: Abstract Approach (3)Investigates the abstract approach to painting. Examinesthe source of abstract design in both natural and man-madeforms. Students produce abstract designs and realisticpaintings using abstract principles. The traditional paintingmedia of oil and acrylic is used as well as a variety ofmaterials in combination with them. Studio class. Studentsare expected to do research and to work on projects outsideclass. Prerequisites: ART 111 and 112 or consent.312 Advanced Paint: Realistic Approach (3)Students study and experiment with various styles ofpainting. A variety of techniques are used ranging from theloose and free applications of paint to those that arerestrained and precise. Students are expected to do researchand to work on projects outside class. Prerequisites: ART111 and 112 or consent. Studio class.315 Printmaking (3)A theoretical survey and practical application ofprintmaking processes with (primarily) black and whitemedia. These processes are explored through studio projectswhich consist of intaglio, blockout, relief, and resistprintmaking methods. Prerequisite: junior status orconsent.316 Mixed Media (3) (A)Integrates traditional art materials and skills with digitaltechnology. Exercises introduce processes for experimentation;projects allow for individual interpretation. Topicsmay include using a variety of found and purchasedmaterials for collage, image transfer, texture, surfacetreatment, book binding, working in three-dimensions,computer skills, and presentation. Studio class. Lab fee.317 Drawing the Human Figure (3)Working from life, students study the male and femalefigure through the use of the traditional drawing mediasuch as chalk, charcoal, pencil, ink, and paint.Understanding body structure and how to interpret it isstressed. Prerequisites: ART 111 and 112 or consent.Studio class.

56ART/ART HISTORY319 Studio Art Teaching Assistant (1)Allows qualified students to assist art instructors in theteaching of their classes. May be repeated. Pass/fail grading.Prerequisite: consent. Offered each semester.320 Photography II (3)Intermediate course exploring digital photography.Emphasis is placed on aesthetics and developing personallymeaningful content for portfolios. Additional topicsinclude digital photo retouch, color correction, digitalprinting and creative computer techniques. Students mustsupply their own digital camera with manual controls.Students are responsible for the commercial development ofprints. Prerequisite: ART 225. Offered each spring.321 Advanced Ceramics: Technical (3)An advanced course designed around basic glazechemistry and reduction firing techniques, where studentsdevelop their own glazes and fire their own ware. Emphasisis on the technical aspects as they apply to the students’creative work. Prerequisites: ART 117 and 318 or consent.Studio class. Lab fee.323/423 Advanced Ceramics:Individual Interpretation (3)Designed around the students’ selection of projectswhich have particular meaning and challenge to them.Research and work outside class is expected. Emphasis isplaced on the students’ development. Prerequisites: ART 117and 318 or consent. Studio class. Lab fee.411, 412 Advanced Paint: IndividualInterpretation I, II (3,3)Provides painting experiences that lead to anunderstanding of composing in two-dimensional pictorialspace. An important part of this course is the students’selection of certain projects which have a special meaningand challenge to them. Research and work outside classis expected of all class members. Prerequisites: ART 111and 112 or consent. Studio class.418 Painting the Human Figure (3)Working from life, students render and interpret thehuman figure using the traditional painting media of oil,acrylic, and watercolor. An understanding of body structureis emphasized and how to represent it using variouspainting techniques. Basic elements of portraiture will alsobe touched upon. Prerequisites: ART 111, 112 or 317, orconsent. Studio class.424 Advanced Ceramics: Production (3)Designed for continued growth and exploration in thismedia with special emphasis on production techniques. Animportant part of this course is producing, showing, andsurviving in the potter’s craft. Prerequisites: ART 117 and318 or consent. Studio class. Lab fee.450 Studio Art Seminar (3)Advanced studio art course based on the developmentand presentation of a research project, created withguidance from faculty, and the acquisition of professionalskills appropriate to arts-related careers. As evidence ofartistic accomplishment each student develops athematically focused body of work. The exhibition of thisbody of work along with a gallery talk and an explanatoryresearch paper fulfill the exit requirement for the studio artmajor. Prerequisite: consent. Offered each spring.ART HISTORY COURSES (ARTH)201 Music & Art in Western World (3) (A)Identical to MUS 201.225 The Photograph (3)A history of photography from its invention in 1839to the present. The course investigates within theirhistorical context the major categories of photography, suchas portraiture, documentation, photo-journalism, and artphotography.231 Ancient & Medieval Art (3) (H)A survey of the visual arts and how the arts functionedin culture from Prehistoric cave paintings to the art andarchitecture of late Medieval Europe. The courseconcentrates on the Western tradition of painting,sculpture, and architecture. Offered each fall.232 Renaissance to 20th-Century Art (3) (H)A survey of the visual arts, and the relationship of thevisual arts to social, cultural, and political history from theRenaissance period to the Modern era. The courseconcentrates on the European tradition of painting,sculpture, and architecture, and pays particular attention tothe changing social role of artists and the development ofthe modern definitions of “fine art.” This course is achronological continuation of ARTH 231, but the latter isnot a prerequisite. Offered each spring.233 Art of Africa, Asia, Americas (3)Surveys the long-lived art traditions of diverse globalcultures, including Africa, India, China, Japan, the Pacific,and Pre-Columbian and Native America.341 American Art (3) (H)A history of the visual arts in America from pre-colonialto modern times. Particular attention is paid to therelationship of the visual arts to social and political history,and the issue of “American identity” in the arts.351 19th-Century Art History (3) (H)A history of European and American art from the era ofthe French Revolution to the end of the 19th century. Theworks of major artists, such as David, Goya, Turner, Manet,Monet, Van Gogh, Munch, etc., are investigated withintheir historical contexts.

BIOLOGY57352 20th-Century Art History (3)A history of artists, works, and movements of 20thcenturyEuropean and American art, investigated withintheir histrorical contexts.360 Topics in Art History (3)An in-depth study of some particular period of arthistory or some disciplinary aspect or problem. May berepeated for credit as topic varies.BIOLOGYDR. SORAYA M. BARTOLDR. DEIRDRE GONSALVES-JACKSONDR. PAUL M. RESSLARDR. PHILIP ROCKDR. MAYNARD H. SCHAUSDR. VICTOR R. TOWNSEND, JR., Program CoordinatorThe Department of Biology is committed to providinga strong foundation in basic life sciences that will givemultiple options upon graduation. Both a B.A. and a B.S.degree is offered. In addition to concepts and principles,students learn to see science as a process of discovery andproblem solving through scientific methodology. Thediverse curriculum in the natural sciences and the programof General Studies prepares competent learners of thefuture. Upon successful completion of the program,students may seek careers or graduate work in biology,microbiology, botany, zoology and related areas such as thehealth professions, environmental studies, marine biology,and education.Major RequirementsTo fit each student’s individual program, related coursesto fulfill the requirements of the biology major should beplanned during the second semester of the sophomore yearin close consultation with a science adviser.To complete the college’s requirement for computerliteracy, students majoring in biology must show aproficiency in the following areas: 1) the use of wordprocessing, 2) the use of e-mail, 3) the use of the Internet,and 4) the use of multi-media software. This proficiencyis demonstrated by completing assignments in severalclasses required for the major which include BIO 131, 311and 316.Bachelor of Arts:COURSE NUMBER AND TITLESEM.HRS.BIO 131Principles of Biology I: 4Evolution and EcologyBIO 132Principles of Biology II: 4Cell Biology and GeneticsEcological and EnvironmentalBiology Concentration7-8At least 7 hours from the following:BIO 316, 355, 375, 385, 445Evolutionary and IntegrativeBiology ConcentrationAt least 7 hours from the following: 7-8BIO 300, 332, 370,372, 373, 380, 410Molecular, Cellular, andDevelopmental Biology ConcentrationBIO 311 Genetics 8And one of the following:BIO 420 or 482/484BIO 4851Seminar in BiologyBIO electives (200 level or higher)BIO 221, 250, 285, 300, 316, 332,3-5355, 370, 371, 372, 373, 375, 380,410, 420, 445, 480, 482, 484, 489TOTAL W/I DEPT. 36ADDITIONAL REQUIRED COURSESCHEM 117General Chemistry ICHEM 118General Chemistry IICHEM 311Organic Chemistry ICHEM 321Organic Laboratory ICHEM 312Organic Chemistry IICHEM 322Organic Laboratory IIPHYS 215General PhysicsPHYS 221PhysicsPHYS 216General PhysicsPHYS 222PhysicsOROR44313244TOTAL 61

58 BIOLOGYBachelor of Science:COURSE NUMBER AND TITLESEM.HRS.BIO 131Principles of Biology I: 4Evolution and EcologyBIO 132Principles of Biology II: 4Cell Biology and GeneticsEcological and EnvironmentalBiology Concentration7-8At least 7 hours from the following:BIO 316, 355, 375, 385, 445Evolutionary and IntegrativeBiology ConcentrationAt least 7 hours from the following: 7-8BIO 300, 332, 370,372, 373, 380, 410Molecular, Cellular, andDevelopmental Biology ConcentrationBIO 311 Genetics 8And one of the following:BIO 420 or 482/484BIO 4851Seminar in BiologyBIO 489Research in Natural Sciences 3BIO electives (200 level or higher)BIO 221, 250, 285, 300, 316, 332,0-2355, 370, 371, 372, 373, 375, 380,410, 420, 445, 480, 482, 484, 489TOTAL W/I DEPT. 36MATH 172Calculus IIPHYS 221PhysicsPHYS 222PhysicsMinor Requirements344TOTAL 67COURSE NUMBER AND TITLE(See p. 31 for general minor requirements)SEM.HRS.BIO 131Principles of Biology I: 4Evolution and EcologyBIO 132Principles of Biology II: 4Cell Biology and GeneticsEcological and EnvironmentalBiology Concentration3-4One course from the following:BIO 316, 355, 375, 385, 445Evolutionary and IntegrativeBiology ConcentrationOne course from the following: 3-4BIO 300, 332, 370,372, 373, 380, 410Molecular, Cellular, andDevelopmental Biology Concentration 4BIO 311 or 420BIO 4851Seminar in BiologyTOTAL 19-21ADDITIONAL REQUIRED COURSESCHEM 117General Chemistry ICHEM 118General Chemistry IICHEM 311Organic Chemistry ICHEM 321Organic Laboratory ICHEM 312Organic Chemistry IICHEM 322Organic Laboratory IIMATH 171Calculus I4431323In addition to the above requirements, students seekingcertification for secondary education to teach biology mustcomplete either EES 130 Physical Geology or EES 132Environmental Geology and should consult a member ofthe Department of Education regarding procedures andrequirements for certification.BIOLOGY COURSES (BIO)100 The World of Biology (3) (E)An introduction to biology. The course presents anoverview of the study of life. Emphasis is placed on howbiology affects our daily lives, including such topics asbiodiversity, genetic engineering, and problems associatedwith the expansion of the human population. Designed fornon-science majors. Offered each semester.101 The World of Biology Laboratory (1)Compliments BIO 100. Students observe living systemsand perform basic experiments that demonstrate

BIOLOGY59fundamental biological principles using the scientificmethod as one way to acquire knowledge about our world.Designed for non-science majors. Laboratory session meetsthree hours each week. Prerequisite/co-requisite: BIO 100.$50 lab fee. Offered each semester.115 Human Genetics (3) (E)An introduction to the science of genetics. Emphasis isplaced on human genetics and the genetics of organismsthat are important to mankind. A course for everyoneconcerned about how our genetic makeup affects what weare, what we do, and what we transmit to futuregenerations. Areas such as evolution, reproduction,different types of inheritance and population genetics areexplored. Designed for the non-science major. Offered eachspring.120 Microbes and Man (3)An introductory biology course using microbiology asthe unifying concept to explore many of the facets of thestudy of life. Topics include: the evolution and classificationof life, cell structure and metabolism, the major rolesmicrobes play in ecosystems, molecular genetics, control ofmicrobial growth, biotechnology, the human immunesystem, and major viral and bacterial diseases of humans.Designed for non-biology majors. Corequisite: BIO 121.Offered each fall.121 Microbes and Man Laboratory (1)An introductory biological science lab course designedto accompany BIO 120. Students have the opportunity tolearn a number of basic scientific techniques including: thecorrect use of microscopes, basic aseptic techniques, how tohandle microbial cultures, basic bacterial identification, cellstructure and function, and how to design simpleexperiments using microorganisms. Designed for nonbiologymajors. Corequisite: BIO 120. $50 lab fee. Offeredon demand.131 Principles of Biology I:Evolution and Ecology (4)(E)An introduction to the biological sciences. Lecturetopics include Darwinian evolution, the origin anddiversity of life, functional morphology, and ecology. Thiscourse is designed specifically for students intending topursue a major in biology or EES. $50 lab fee. Offered eachfall.132 Principles of Biology II:Cell Biology and Genetics (4)Completes the introduction to the biological sciencesfor biology and other natural science majors. Lecture topicsinclude biochemistry, cell structure and processes, cellrespiration, fermentation, photosynthesis, cell division,Mendelian genetics, gene expression, cancer biology, andanimal physiology. $50 lab fee. Offered each spring.150 Introduction to Marine Biology (3) (E)An introduction to the organisms and communities ofmarine and estuarine areas. Students examine the basicphysical and ecological processes that are pertinent tomarine habitats and will focus on the diversity of marineorganisms and ecosystems. Designed for non-sciencemajors. Offered each fall.151 Introduction to MarineBiology Laboratory (1)An introductory laboratory study of the organisms andcommunities of marine and estuarine areas. The labincludes field and laboratory identification of localorganisms and investigations in a variety of local fieldhabitats. Designed for non-science majors. Corequisite:BIO 150. $50 lab fee. Offered each fall.207 Environmental Biology (4) (E)A study of specific environmental issues, especially thosethat influence biodiversity and the abundance of organisms.Emphasis is placed on basic ecological principles,overpopulation, air and water resources, environmentalmonitoring, and biodiversity. Designed for majors in thesciences or students minoring in EES. Lecture three hours,laboratory three hours each week. $50 lab fee. Offeredspring of odd-numbered years.221 Anatomy and Physiology (4)An integrated lecture/laboratory experience whichexamines the anatomy and physiology of humans. A surveyof the major organs and organ systems of the body fromboth the histological and gross anatomical perspective isfeatured. Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours eachweek. $50 lab fee. Offered each fall.250 Field Experiences in Biology (3) (E)(Winter Session)Provides students with an intensive field experience inparticular habitats. Studies are conducted to examine theinterrelationship between organisms and their environmentwithin specific habitats. May be repeated for credit astopics change. Does not fulfill the Natural Sciencerequirement for Latin Honors. Lab fee. Prerequisite:consent. Offered in selected Winter Sessions or summers ondemand.280 General Horticulture (3)A course designed to acquaint students with factorsnecessary to grow and maintain plants. Ideal for thoseinterested in learning applied skills in botany. Students willapply knowledge gained in lecture to projects in thegreenhouse. Offered on demand.285 Plants and Man (3)Introduces students to how mankind uses plants andhow plants have influenced human cultures. This course isappropriate for both the non-major and major in science.Offered fall of odd-numbered years.

60 BIOLOGY300 Plant Morphology (4)A morphological and evolutionary study of plants frombacteria to flowering plants. Designed to give the student aview of the structure and modes of reproduction of plants.Prerequisites: a grade of C or better in BIO 132 or consent.Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours each week.Offered spring of odd-numbered years.311 Genetics (4)Principles of heredity as applied to both plants andanimals. Prerequisites: CHEM 105 or 117 and a grade of Cor better in both BIO 131 and 132 or one year of generalbiology. Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours eachweek. Offered each semester.316 General Ecology (4) WA study of plant and animal communities in relation tohabitat with emphasis on the effect of the environment oncommunity structure and distribution. Prerequisites: BIO131 and 132 or one year of general biology or 207. MATH106 is recommended. Lecture three hours, laboratory/fieldthree hours each week. Offered each fall.332 Taxonomy of Vascular Plants (4)Emphasis is on the classification and identification ofthe plants of southern Virginia. The characteristics of themajor families of plants of North America are discussed.Prerequisites: a grade of C or better in BIO 132 or consent.Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours each week.Offered spring of even-numbered years.355 Marine Biology (4)A study of organismal adaptation and communityorganization in marine and estuarine habitats. A variety ofmarine habitats, with the laboratory primarily focusing onlocal species and habitat types is examined. Prerequisite:one year of general biology or BIO 207. Offered each fall.370 Vertebrate Zoology (4)A comparative study of the morphology, life histories,and evolutionary relationships of the major vertebratelineages. This course includes laboratory examinations andfield observations of representative vertebrate animals.Prerequisite: BIO 131. Lecture three hours, laboratory threehours each week. Offered on demand.371 Histology (4)Features a detailed study of the cells, tissues, and organsthat comprise the mammalian body. It is especiallyintended for students seeking careers in biology, medicine,or veterinary sciences. Prerequisite: grade of C or better inBIO 131 or consent. Lecture three hours, laboratory threehours each week. Offered on demand.372 Comparative Anatomy (4)A study of the evolution, morphology, and physiologyof vertebrates. An intensive laboratory directed examinationof the major organ systems of vertebrates as exemplified bythe lamprey, dogfish, salamander, and cat is featured. It isintended for students seeking careers in biology, medicine,or veterinary sciences. Prerequisite: BIO 131 with a grade ofC or better or consent. Lecture three hours, laboratory threehours each week. Offered on demand.373 Invertebrate Zoology (4)A survey of the invertebrate phyla, with a focus on theclassification, evolution, ecology, morphology, and lifehistories of these organisms. This course includes laboratoryexaminations of representative groups and field sampling oflocal invertebrate fauna. Prerequisite: BIO 131. Lecturethree hours, laboratory three hours each week. Offered fallof odd-numbered years.375 Topics in Tropical Biology (3) WFeatures an intensive field experience in neotropicalecosystems (e.g., sea caves, mangrove swamps, coral reefsand rainforests). Descriptive field studies of representativeplants and animals is required. Field activities requirestrenuous exercise and considerable hiking. Destinationsmay include Trinidad, Belize, Costa Rica, U.S. VirginIslands, or the Galapagos Islands. Prerequisite: a grade of Cor better in BIO 131 and BIO 132 or BIO 207, andconsent. Lab fee. Offered summer on demand.380 Comparative Animal Physiology (4)A study of the basic mechanisms by which differentanimals function. Emphasis is placed on how organisms,both invertebrates and vertebrates, make changes in thesebasic mechanisms to deal with differing environmentalconditions. Prerequisites: a grade of C or better in BIO 131or consent. Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours eachweek. Offered on demand.384 Developmental Biology (4)Focuses on the process by which organisms grow anddevelop. Emphasizes principles and concepts that governdevelopment in model organisms such as sea urchins,flatworms, fruit flies, zebra fish, and chickens. Regenerationof appendages, stem cells, cancer and plants are discussed.Prerequisite: BIO 311 or consesnt. Offered fall of evennumberedyears.385 Animal Behavior (4)A study of the mechanisms and evolution of animalbehavior. Topics include genetics and development ofbehavior, neural and physiological mechanisms of behavior,communication, social behavior, habitat selection,reproductive behavior, and parental investment. Laboratoryexercises provide hands-on experience for many of theseconcepts. Prerequisites: BIO 131 or consent. Lecture threehours, laboratory three hours each week. Offered ondemand.

CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM61410 Evolution (3)A study of the theories of evolution and theirproponents in both vegetable and animal kingdoms.Prerequisite: junior/senior status. Offered each fall.420 Cell and Molecular Biology (4)A study of the structure and function of prokaryotes andeukaryotes at the cellular and molecular level. Emphasis isplaced on the molecular nature of cellular structure,metabolism and physiology. Prerequisite: a grade of C orbetter in CHEM 311, 312, 321 and 322. Offered spring ofeven-numbered years.445 Limnology (3) WIntroduces the study of fresh waters, including lake,pond, river, and stream ecosystems. Emphasis is placedon physical processes, primary and secondaryproductivity, biogeochemical cycling, and food webinteractions across all trophic levels. Prerequisite: BIO131 and 132 or equivalent or BIO 207, with a grade of Cor better. Offered spring of even-numbered years.460 Zymurgy: the Science of Fermentation (3) (I)(Winter Session)Introduces the science and art of fermentation and aconsideration of the use of alcohol by human societies.Prerequisite: senior status or consent. Offered in selectedWinter Sessions and spring semester.470 Internship in the Natural Sciences (3)An intensive study of a particular field of sciencethrough on-site field experience. Internships involve handsonopportunities in the sciences that are relevant to thatparticular site. Students are expected to devote a minimumof at least 120 hours for three semester hours, but someplacements may require more time. Students mustcoordinate their internship placement with the supervisingfaculty member at least two months prior to placement.Pass/fail grading. Prerequisites: junior/senior status andconsent. Offered each semester.475 Natural & Social Historyof the Chesapeake Bay (3)(I)Gives students a comprehensive view of one of thelargest and most diverse estuaries in the world, theChesapeake Bay. Students examine the relationships amongthe natural history (flora and fauna), human history,including social and political aspects, use of the bay bydifferent societies, their impact on and preservation of thebay. Saturday field trips required. Prerequisite: junior/seniorstatus. Offered on demand.480 Readings in Biology (1)An advanced seminar that discusses readings from theprimary literature on various announced topics in biology.May be repeated for credit as topics change. Prerequisite:senior/junior status and consent. Offered on demand.482 Microbiology (3)Teaches basic microbiological concepts and the role ofmicroorganisms in various applied areas. Topics include:microbial physiology, cell structure, microbial genetics,pathogenic microorganisms and human diseases, andenvironmental and applied microbiology. Corequisite: BIO484. Prerequisites: BIO 311. Offered spring of oddnumberedyears.484 Microbiology Laboratory (1)Techniques of culturing and identifying microorganismsare taught. Procedures include: culturing,staining, determination of microbial numbers, effect ofenvironmental influences, identification of enzymaticreaction, and isolation and identification of bacterialcultures. Corequisite: BIO 482. Prerequisites: BIO 311.Offered spring of odd-numbered years.485 Seminar in Biology (1)An advanced seminar on various topics in biology. Eachstudent will conduct in-depth library research on a topicof interest and present a seminar to the department.Prerequisite: senior/junior status and a major or minor inthe natural sciences. Offered each spring.489 Research in the Natural Sciences (3)Provides students with the opportunity to conductoriginal scientific research in an area of interest. Studentswork closely with one or more members of the naturalscience faculty to develop and conduct a research project.Students present their findings orally during the semester’sundergraduate research symposium and as a formal researchpaper. Students are encouraged to present their findings ata conference. Prerequisite: junior/senior status and a majorin the natural sciences, prior approval by the projectadviser, and consent of the instructor. May be repeated oncefor a total of 6 semester hours. Identical to CHEM 489 andEES 489. Offered each semester.BUSINESS(See Management, Business and Economics)CENTER FOR THE STUDYOF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM(Also see page 45)DR. PAUL B. RASOR, DirectorThe study of religious freedom is inherentlyinterdisciplinary. It is concerned with the critical FirstAmendment issues of free exercise of religion and churchstateseparation, as well as the larger political, social andreligious contexts within which these issues arise. Thismeans that it draws on a wide range of disciplines,including history, law, philosophy, political science,

62 CHEMISTRYsociology, and religious studies. The study of religiousfreedom at Virginia Wesleyan College may be engagedthrough the many educational programs offered by theCenter for the Study of Religious Freedom as well asthrough CSRF courses.CSRF COURSES (CSRF)100 Religious Freedom Symposium (1)A non-traditional course that explores in greater depththe themes addressed in the Center’s Symposium series.Students attend the symposium programs, read backgroundmaterials and participate in discussions primarily on line.Pass/fail grading. Offered intermittently.232 Religion and American Politics (4) (V)Identical to RELST 232.275 Religious Freedom in America (3)An examination of the historical development andpresent state of religious freedom in the United States.Topics include the emergence of the idea of religioustoleration in the West, the influence of Jefferson’s VirginiaStatute for Religious Freedom, the concepts ofestablishment and free exercise of religion in the U.S.Constitution, and the role of religion in American publicand political life. Students acquire a conceptual frameworkand vocabulary for discussing current issues. The course isinterdisciplinary in nature, drawing on historical, legalphilosophical and political sources. Offered spring of evennumberedyears.355 Law and Religion in America (4)Explores the various ways in which law and religioninteract with and impact upon each other in American life.The approach is contextual and case-driven, meaning thatwe get at the larger, philosophical issues through themedium of specific legal cases and public debates from ourpast and present. Through these case studies, we reach thebroader concerns: the legitimacy of law (“Where the lawcomes from”), the experience of free exercise of religion inAmerican history, the legal enforcement of morality, andthe establishment clause limits on the power of themajority. Prerequisites: at least six, preferably nine, semesterhours in one or more of the following: religious studies,history, philosophy, political science.CHEMISTRYDR. JOYCE B. EASTER, Program CoordinatorDR. MAURY E. HOWARDDR. DEBORAH E. OTISThe Department of Chemistry curriculum is designedto provide opportunities for curious and interested studentsto immerse themselves in a concentrated study of thevarious principles of classical and contemporary chemicalknowledge. From introductory to upper level courses,applications are made of the basic theories and methods ofchemical investigation, with an emphasis on problemsolving.The chemistry program accommodates chemistrymajors, other science majors, pre-med/pre-vet students, andstudents planning to enter the health and allied healthprofessions, as well as students wishing to teach chemistryat the secondary school level. Chemistry majors areprepared for careers in industry, business, government, andacademia.Major RequirementsThose courses designed for non-science majors,including CHEM 105, cannot be counted toward themajor in chemistry (63-65 semester hours), but may becounted toward the degree (120 semester hours). Thestudent’s academic program must be planned carefully ifspecific goals are to be achieved. Close coordination withthe student’s adviser is essential. In order to meet basicrequirements in the major and for participation in the fouryeargraduation guarantee, the following course of study isdetermined by the year of entry.To complete the college’s requirement in the area ofcomputer literacy, students majoring in chemistry mustshow a proficiency in: 1) the use of e-mail, 2) the use ofword processing, 3) the use of the Internet, and 4) the useof multimedia software. This proficiency is demonstratedby completing assignments in several courses required inthe major, which include CHEM 118, 210, 311, 312, 322,411, 412, 422, and 437.Students seeking certification as secondary teachers ofchemistry must also successfully complete either EES 130or EES 132, in order to satisfy the requirement in the areaof earth science.Bachelor of Science:COURSE NUMBER AND TITLECHEM 117College Chemistry ICHEM 118College Chemistry IICHEM 210Analytical ChemistryCHEM 260Inorganic ChemistryCHEM 300Chemical Literature SurveyCHEM 311Organic Chemistry ICHEM 312Organic Chemistry IICHEM 321Organic Chemistry Laboratory ICHEM 322Organic Chemistry IISEM.HRS.See continuation of choices next page444313311

CHEMISTRY63Chart continued from previous pageCHEM 400Chemistry SeminarCHEM 411Physical Chemistry ICHEM 412Physical Chemistry IICHEM 422Physical Chemistry LaboratoryCHEM 437BiochemistryCHEM 480Instrumental Methods of AnalysisELECTIVE CHEMISTRY COURSESSelect from the following electives:CHEM 345Forensic Science MethodsCHEM 438Advanced Biochemistry 6-8CHEM 440Methods of BiochemistryCHEM 450Global Environmental CyclesCHEM 489Research in the Natural SciencesREQUIRED NSM DIVISION COURSESMATH 135, 136Calculus with Review I, IIOR 3MATH 171Calculus IMATH 1723Calculus IIPHYSICS 2214Physics IPHYSICS 2224Physics IIELECTIVE NSM DIVISION COURSE 4Select from the following:BIO 131Principles of Biology I:Evolution and EcologyBIO 132Principles of Biology II:Cell Biology and GeneticsBIO 207Environmental BiologyBIO 420Cellular and Molecular BiologyBIO 482/484Microbiology with Laboratory133134TOTAL 63-65ADDITIONAL COURSES NEEDEDFOR SECONDARY CERTIFICATIONOne of the following:EES 130Physical Geology 3EES 132Environmental GeologyTOTAL FORSECONDARY CERTIFICATIONMinor RequirementsCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLE(See p. 31 for general minor requirements)*66-68SEM.HRS.CHEM 117General Chemistry I4CHEM 210Analytical ChemistryCHEM 270OR 4Environmental ChemistryCHEM 260Inorganic Chemistry3CHEM 300Chemical Literature Survey1CHEM 311Organic Chemistry I 3CHEM 321Organic Laboratory I1Chemistry electives at the 200 level or higher 7TOTAL 23CHEMISTRY COURSES (CHEM)105 Basic Concepts in Chemistry (3) (E)An introduction to chemical concepts. Mathematicalmethods are used when appropriate. The salient features ofatomic structure, chemical bonding, and the mole conceptare stressed. Designed for science-oriented students withinadequate background for CHEM 117. Also suitable fornon-science majors. Lecture three hours. Prerequisite:MATH 105, equivalent, or consent. Offered each spring.117 College Chemistry I (4) (E)An introduction to chemical principles that includesatomic structure, chemical bonding, stoichiometry andthermochemistry. Lecture three hours, laboratory threehours each week. Prerequisites: high school chemistry(within the last five years) or CHEM 105 (or equivalent),two years of high school algebra or MATH 105 (orequivalent), and placement in Group A or B on the mathplacement test. Offered each fall.

64 CHEMISTRY118 College Chemistry II (4)A further study of chemical principles. The principalsubject areas are reaction kinetics, equilibrium, acids-bases,thermodynamics, oxidation-reduction, and electrochemistry.Prerequisite: CHEM 117. Lecture three hours,laboratory three hours each week. Offered each spring.210 Analytical Chemistry (4)Analytical techniques are applied to inorganic, organicand biochemical systems. The experimental methodsinclude volumetric and gravimetric analysis, chromatographicand spectroscopic techniques. Class work iscoordinated with the laboratory experiments. Prerequisites:CHEM 118. Lecture three hours, laboratory three hourseach week. Offered fall of even-numbered years.240 Forensic Science (3) (E) WExplores the many aspects of physical evidencegenerated by criminal activity, including its collection,protection, scientific analysis, and court presentation.Identical to CJ 240. Prerequisite: CJ 200 and CHEM 105(or 117). Offered fall of odd-numbered years.260 Inorganic Chemistry (3)An integrated lecture and laboratory experienceintroducing the concepts of inorganic chemistry in light ofmodern theory. Topics include atomic structure, chemicalperiodicity, bonding, descriptive chemistry, coordinationchemistry, and solid-state structure. The laboratoryexercises introduce basic inorganic techniques for thesynthesis and characterization of inorganic compounds.Prerequisite: CHEM 210 or 117 with consent. Lecture twohours, laboratory three hours each week. Offered spring ofodd-numbered years.270 Environmental Chemistry (4)Identical to EES 270.300 Chemical Literature Survey (1)An introduction to the body of information whichconstitutes the chemical literature, including manual andcomputer-aided literature searching, utilizing the majorsources of chemical information, and analysis of articlesfrom chemical journals. Prerequisite: 14 semester hours inchemistry. Offered each fall.305 Teaching Experience (1)Qualified students assist chemistry instructors in theteaching of chemistry courses and laboratories. A studentmay enroll in CHEM 305 more than once for credit, butmay apply no more than a total of three semester hoursearned in this manner toward graduation. Prerequisite:consent. Offered each semester.311 Organic Chemistry I (3)The chemistry of carbon compounds with emphasis onstructure, properties, reactions, reaction mechanisms andstereochemistry. A comprehensive survey of organiccompounds with a focus on hydrocarbons, alkyl halides andalcohols. Prerequisite: CHEM 118. Corequisite: CHEM321. Lecture three hours each week. Offered each fall.312 Organic Chemistry II (3)A continuation of CHEM 311 with a focus on thearomatic, amine, and carbonyl functional groups.Prerequisite: CHEM 311. Corequisite: CHEM 322.Lecture three hours each week. Offered each spring.321 Organic Laboratory I (1)Fundamental laboratory macroscale and microscaletechniques of modern organic chemistry with anintroduction to organic synthesis and product analysis.Prerequisite: CHEM 118. Corequisite: CHEM 311.Laboratory three hours each week. Offered each fall.322 Organic Laboratory II (1)Development of organic laboratory skills, includingmicroscale techniques, synthesis, product analysis andspectroscopy. Prerequisite: CHEM 321. Corequisite:CHEM 312. Laboratory three hours each week. Offeredeach spring.345 Forensic Science Methods (4)A comprehensive evaluation of current developments inresearch, instrumentation, and laboratory technologyutilized to detect, identify, analyze, and compare evidencegenerated by criminal activity. An integrated laboratoryexperience emphasizes understanding of these variousmethodologies and their application to forensic science.Prerequisite: CHEM 118 or 240. Lecture three hours,laboratory three hours each week. Offered spring of evennumberedyears.400 Chemistry Seminar (1)A seminar for the professional development of seniorchemistry majors including the discussion and presentationof advanced topics in chemistry. Prerequisite: CHEM 300and 18 semester hours in chemistry. Offered each fall.411 Physical Chemistry I (3)A mathematical treatment of physical-chemical propertiesand chemical reactions. Thermodynamics, statisticalmechanics, and equilibrium are studied. Prerequisites:CHEM 210, MATH 172 and PHYS 222. Corequisite:CHEM 422. Offered fall of odd-numbered years.412 Physical Chemistry II (3)A continuation of CHEM 411 covering the topics ofquantum mechanics, spectroscopy, and kinetics. Prerequisite:CHEM 411. Offered spring of even-numberedyears.422 Physical Chemistry Laboratory (1)Experimental methods of physical chemistry withemphasis on instrumental methods. Individual or groupprojects may be assigned when appropriate. Corequisite:

CLASSICS65CHEM 411. Laboratory three hours each week. Offered fallof odd-numbered years.437 Biochemistry (3) WA survey of the chemistry within biological systems.Introduction to structure and function of biomolecules,molecular components of cells, enzymes, and cellularmetabolism. Prerequisite: CHEM 312. Offered fall of evennumberedyears.438 Advanced Biochemistry (3)A comprehensive study of complex biochemicalprocesses with an emphasis on cellular metabolism and itsregulation. Prerequisite: CHEM 437. Offered spring ofodd-numbered years.440 Methods of Biochemistry (3)(Winter Session)Introduction to biochemistry laboratory skills andtechniques with an emphasis on purification and analysis ofproteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates, and naturalproducts. Prerequisite: CHEM 437 or CHEM 312/322with consent. Consists of 30 three-hour laboratory sessions.Offered Winter Session of odd-numbered years.450 Global Environmental Cycles (4)Identical to EES 450.470 Internship in the Natural Sciences (3)An intensive study of a particular field of sciencethrough on-site field experience. Internships involve handsonopportunities in the sciences that are relevant to thatparticular site. Students are expected to devote a minimumof at least 120 hours for three semester hours, but someplacements may require more time. Students mustcoordinate their internship placement with the supervisingfaculty member at least two months prior to placement.Pass/fail grading. Prerequisites: junior/senior status andconsent. Offered each semester.480 Instrumental Methods of Analysis (4)A study of the principles and methods of optimizationof instrumental methods used in characterizing chemicalsystems. Topics include optical methods, electroanalyticalmethods, molecular spectroscopy, and chromatographymethods. Analytical techniques are studied from aninstrumental and chemical point of view. The laboratorystresses the instrumental methodologies of analyticalprocedures. Prerequisite: CHEM 210, 311 and 411. Threelecture hours, three laboratory hours each week. Offeredspring of even-numbered years.489 Research in the Natural Sciences (3)Identical to BIO 489 and EES 489.CLASSICSDR. BENJAMIN S. HALLER, Program CoordinatorThe Classics department offers students theopportunity to explore the Greek and Roman roots ofEuropean and American cultural identity and heritage. Bytaking courses in Classical Civilization, studentsunderstand the richness and diversity of Greek and Romancultures, while using the ancient world as a laboratory togain wider perspectives on many elements of modern lifethat extend all the way back into our common past.Through courses in Latin and Greek languages, studentsattain a more direct experience of the lives of the ancientsin their own living words, while gaining valuableunderstanding of the roots and usage of English and othermodern languages.Two major programs are available to students interestedin classics. The interdisciplinary major in Classical Studiesoffers a general liberal arts experience with only a smallamount of required coursework in ancient language.Students seeking a more focused program based in languagestudy may elect the major in Latin. It is not possible forstudents to major both in Classical Studies and in Latin,but it is possible to combine the major in Latin with theminor in Classical Studies.Major Requirements: Classical StudiesCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLESEM.HRS.LANGUAGE COMPONENT:Complete one of the following sequences:LATN 111, 112Elementary Latin I, II ANDLATN 211, 212Intermediate Latin I, II OR6-14LATN 211, 212Intermediate Latin I, II ORLATN 305Topics in Latin Prose ANDLATN 306Topics in Latin PoetryCLASSICAL CIVILIZATIONCOMPONENT:Four of the following:ARTH 231Ancient and Medieval ArtCLAS 105Classical MythologyGREK 111, 112Elementary Ancient Greek I, IICLAS 120Classical ArchaeologyCLAS 175 12Sports and Society inAncient Greece and RomeSee continuation of choices next page

66 CLASSICSChart continued from previous pageCLAS 209Greek HistoryCLAS 210Roman HistoryENG 250Topics: Ancient DramaENG 265Love, Sex, and Marriage in Western LiteratureHIST 111World History to A.D. 1600RELST 218The New Testament WorldFive of the following:CLAS 330Classical and World EpicCLAS 350Women in the Ancient WorldCLAS 370Ancient World in the Cinema 15*LATN 305Topics in Latin Prose*LATN 306Topics in Latin PoetryPHIL 332Ancient PhilosophyPOLS 433Ancient Political TheoryTH 301Theatre History ICLAS 4503Senior Seminar in Classics*The LATN 305, 306 sequence taken once may counttoward either the language component or the ClassicalCivilization component, but not both.TOTAL 36-44Minor Requirements:No language courses are required for the minor.COURSE NUMBER AND TITLE(See p. 31 for general minor requirements)6 courses in classics, Latin, or related areas,distributed as follows:At least 3 courses must be fromclassics or Latin.At least 3 courses must be at the300/400 level.SEM.HRS.99TOTAL 18Major Requirements: LatinCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLESEM.HRS.CLAS 1053Classical MythologyCLAS 120*3Classical ArchaeologyCLAS 2093Greek HistoryCLAS 2103Roman HistoryLATN 305**Topics in Latin Prose(May be repeated as topics vary) 12LATN 306**Topics in Latin Poetry(May be repeated as topics vary)LATN 471Practicum in Teaching of LatinCLAS 450Senior Seminar in Classics*ARTH 231Ancient and Medieval Art(May substitute for CLAS 120)**Students fulfilling the prerequisites of LATN 111, 112,211, 212 for entry into LATN 305 or 306 will have atotal of 30-44 semester hours.33TOTAL 30CLASSICS COURSES (CLAS)(See Foreign Languages and Literatures for Latin)105 Classical Mythology (3) (V)Explores methods of interpreting myths in their originalcontexts while discussing the continued relevance ofmythology in modern society. Readings include Homer,Hesiod, Sappho, Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Plato,Aristotle, Virgil, and Ovid. Offered each fall.120 Introduction to Classical Archaeology (3)Introduces students to the methods common to bothold and new world archaeology. This is followed by anintroduction and interpretation of the material remains ofthe ancient Greek world, with particular emphasis on theAthenian Agora. Offered on demand.175 Sports and Society inAncient Greece and Rome (3)(Winter Session)Examines the history and culture of sports in ancientsociety. Topics include: the origins of sports competition inreligious rituals, evidence for women’s participation insports, and the criticism of popular sports by the educated

COMMUNICATIONS/JOURNALISM67elite. Students are encouraged to use their own experiencesas student-athletes as a primary source towardunderstanding the role of sports in different culturalcontexts. Offered in selected Winter Sessions.209 Greek History (3) (H)Through readings in primary sources—works of history,literature, and philosophy written by the ancient Greeksthemselves—this course attempts to recover the full pictureof life in Ancient Greece, not only for its own intrinsicinterest, but also for the relevance that the study of thedistant past may have for the world in which we now live.Special attention given to the first writers of history and tothe development of Athenian democracy.210 Roman History (3) (H)Using wide-ranging sources from history, literature, andarchaeology, this course explores Roman civilization fromits earliest beginnings, through the period of Republicanexpansion and transition into a vast Empire, concludingwith the Empire’s ultimate decline and dissolution. Specialattention given to Roman historiography and to thepolitical changes from Republic to Empire.330 Classical and World Epic (3)Students begin exploration of traditional epics by readingClassical texts such as Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey andVirgil’s Aeneid, exploring the cultural contexts andexamining theories of epic composition and performance.The perspective is broadened to take in epics from a varietyof cultural traditions from around the world and, finally,students consider the relation of these traditional epics totheir modern equivalents in science fiction and cinema. Allreadings in English translation, Prerequisite: CLAS 105,209 or 210.350 Women in the Ancient World (3)Examines gender roles and identities of sexuality inancient Greece and Rome through readings in primarysources supplemented by current scholarship. Explorationof contrasts between representations of women in Classicalliterature and the limitations women faced in the realworld, with observation of changes in women’s status thatoccurred according to place and time. Consideration ofancient definitions and expressions of alternate sexualities,marking the similarities and differences between ancientand modern labels and identities. Prerequisite: CLAS 105,209 or 210.370 The Ancient World in the Cinema (3)A study of how ancient Greece and Rome continue tointerest and influence us through the modern medium ofcinema. Readings of selected classical texts and comparisonswith modern screen treatments. Attention both to moderncinematic adaptations of ancient literary works and also toepic “historical” spectacles. Examination of directorialcreativity, audience expectation, historical accuracy, andmodern myth-making. Prerequisite: CLAS 105, 209 or 210.450 Senior Seminar in Classics (3) (I) WGives students the opportunity to do sustained researchon a topic of their own choice, and to present the results ofthis research in a substantial piece of work, ranging from 20to 30 pages of writing. Upon completion of the seniorresearch project, students will present their work in apublic oral defense. Prerequisite: senior major in classicalstudies or Latin. Offered annually as needed beginningspring 2007.GREEK COURSES (GREK)121, 122 Elementary Ancient Greek I, II (4, 4)Introduces the grammar, syntax, and vocabulary ofAncient Greek. Completion of the year-long sequenceprepares students to read connected passages in ancienttexts such as the dialogues of Plato or the New Testament;emphasis on Attic Greek or Koine dialects varies accordingto the instructor and interest of the class. NOTE: Does notcount toward the foreign language requirement. Offered onsufficient demand.211 Intermediate Ancient Greek (3)Begins with a thorough review of basic Greek grammaras covered in GREK 111-112. Students then undertakeextended readings in an ancient Greek text such as the NewTestament or the Dialogues of Plato. Texts may varydepending on instructor. Emphasis is placed on translationand reading skills rather than speaking/listening skills.Prerequisite: GREK 112 with a grade of C or higher orplacement. Offered on sufficient demand.(See Foreign Languages and Literaturesfor Latin courses)COMMUNICATIONS/JOURNALISMDR. BORIS HELLMANDR. KATHY MERLOCK JACKSON, Program CoordinatorDR. TERRANCE LINDVALLDR. STUART C. MINNISDR. WILLIAM J. RUEHLMANNThe Department of Communications/Journalism offerscourses and opportunities for individual work in the areasof communications, film, print and broadcast journalism,and digital media. Without neglecting professional andcareer interests, the department stresses the artistic andhumanistic bases of its particular disciplines even whenthese are of experiential nature.Students who major in communications/journalismmight expect to find career opportunities (apart fromgraduate school) in the areas of radio, television,newspapers, magazines, digital media, advertising, publicrelations, teaching, and related fields. The communicationsindustry is one of the fastest growing industries in today’sworld. A student may elect a departmental major incommunications with a concentration in either journalismor media studies.

68 COMMUNICATIONS/JOURNALISMCourses in journalism are designed to introducestudents to the field of journalism and offer opportunitiesto gain experience in reporting, writing, design and editing.A strong emphasis is placed also on the ethical and moralaspects of collecting and reporting news.The study of communications/journalism in the contextof a well-rounded liberal arts program should be an asset toa student who plans to enter any of the career fieldsstressing written or oral communication. Internshipopportunities are available.Major RequirementsCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLESEM.HRS.COMM 200Electronic Movie Making OR3JOUR 200News and Documentary VideoCOMM 2113Introduction to Media StudiesCOMM 2223SpeechCOMM 3233Theories of Mass CommunicationCOMM 324Mass Communications 3Research MethodsORJOUR 3303Historical Methods for JournalistsCOMM 4953Communications Studies InternshipJOUR 2013Introduction to JournalismOne of the following:COMM 212American FilmCOMM 214 3Film DirectorsCOMM 216International FilmFour from one of the following tracks:JOURNALISM TRACK:COMM 300Media LawJOUR 210Journalism WorkshopJOUR 303Design and Editing12JOUR 310Critical Writing in JournalismJOUR 328Public RelationsJOUR 335Creative NonfictionJOUR 337Great Works in JournalismJOUR 397Feature WritingJOUR 435Advanced NewswritingMEDIA STUDIES TRACK:COMM 300Media LawCOMM 312The Art of AnimationCOMM 326Persuasion and Media: AdvertisingCOMM 327Children and the MediaCOMM 328 12Public RelationsCOMM 333Mass Media and American SocietyCOMM 334Genres in Mass MediaCOMM 350Advanced Video ProductionCOMM 422The Documentary TraditionOne course from the alternative of the3above listed tracksTOTAL 39Additional course work is recommended in theatre,sociology, psychology, history, political science,foreign languages and English. Studentsmust also demonstrate computer proficiency.Minor Requirements: Media StudiesCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLE(See p. 31 for general minor requirements)COMM 211Introduction to Media StudiesNine semester hours from the MediaStudies trackCOMM 495Communications Studies Internship (maycount toward the minor depending uponthe professional emphasis of the internship)SEM.HRS.Additional courses in communications 3-6393TOTAL 18

COMMUNICATIONS/JOURNALISM69Minor Requirements: JournalismCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLE(See p. 31 for general minor requirements)JOUR 201Introduction to JournalismNine semester hours in journalism at the300/400 level from the Journalism trackCOMM 495Communications Studies Internship (maycount toward the minor depending uponthe professional emphasis of the internship)SEM.HRS.Additional courses in journalism 3-6393TOTAL 18-21COMMUNICATIONS COURSES(COMM)200 Electronic Moviemaking (3)Introduces students to the techniques and traditions offictional narrative video production. Emphasis is on thecompletion of a series of exercises and a short film as well asmastery of basic technical principles of videography,location lighting, and nonlinear editing. Course fee.Offered each fall.210 Audio and Radio Production (1)Introduces students to fundamental aspects of a varietyof audio applications, including radio production, fieldaudio, and multitrack recording. Offered each spring.211 Introduction to Media Studies (3) (C)Offers a critical survey of the role played by masscommunication in shaping culture. Individual mediainstitutions are examined in terms of the information theydistribute, the entertainment they provide, and theinfluence they wield. Special attention is paid to improvingstudents’ media literacy skills. Offered each semester.212 American Film (3)A study of the development of the film art from itsbeginning to the present. Major silent and sound filmmasterpieces are shown. Offered each fall.214 Film Directors (3)A study of the film artistry of selected directors. Offeredfrequently.216 International Film (3)Explores the history and diversity of cinema madeoutside the U.S. from the silent era to the present day.Concentration is on aesthetically and socially influentialnational movements and filmmakers. Offered spring ofodd-numbered years.220 Experimental Film and Video (3) (A)(Winter Session)Explores the history and theory of experimental filmand video not only through screenings and readings butalso through creative action. Students produce their ownavant-garde videos at the same time that they learn theform’s aesthetic heritage. Offered in selected WinterSessions.222 Speech (3) (C)An individualized introduction to the theory andpractice of speech communication including publicspeaking, the five-minute extemporaneous speech,improvement of diction, and elements of non-verbalcommunications. Offered each semester.300 Media Law (3) (S)Offers a survey of the legal traditions and regulatorystructures governing print and electronic media, both interms of their production of content and of theirinstitutional organization. Particular emphasis is placed onissues of speech and restraints thereof. The complexities ofevolving Internet and digital technology law are alsoaddressed. Offered spring of even-numbered years.312 The Art of Animation (3)An in-depth look at the history of animation as adeveloping art form. The course also looks at animation asa reflection of culture and as a business. Prerequisite:COMM 211 or consent. Offered intermittently.323 Theories of Mass Communication (3)An overview of the major theories of masscommunication and of the research that has led to andsupported those theories. Special emphasis is placed onapproaches to audience and content. Prerequisite: COMM211 and junior/senior status. Offered fall of even-numberedyears.324 Mass Communications Research Methods (3)An introduction to mass communication researchmethods. Includes field, survey, and experimental researchmethods as well as content analysis. Prerequisite: COMM211 and junior/senior status. Offered spring of oddnumberedyears.325 Organizational Communications (3) (C)Designed to improve skills in communication inmodern business. Verbal skills are emphasized althoughwritten skills are included. Theory and practice arecombined in order to learn theory and develop skills inusing techniques of persuasion, resolving conflicts,organizing and presenting information, interviewing,leading meetings, and developing a training presentation.Offered each spring.

70 COMMUNICATIONS/JOURNALISM326 Persuasion and Media: Advertising (3)Examination of the methods and techniques thatadvertisers use to persuade audiences. Prerequisite: COMM211. Offered each fall.327 Children and the Media (3)A study of children as a media audience with aparticular focus on contemporary televised media.Attention is given to both prosocial and antisocial effects ofthe media. Prerequisite: COMM 211 or consent. Offeredspring of even-numbered years.328 Public Relations (3)An introduction to the practice of the public relationsand advertising profession with an emphasis on writing.Students examine the role of public relations andadvertising in a free society and the demands andconstraints, including ethical, placed upon them.Coursework includes writing background or briefingpapers, press releases, informational and persuasive copyand finding promotable elements in products and services.Identical to JOUR 328. Offered each semester.333 Mass Media and American Society (3)A look at the ways in which mass media have reflectedand affected modern American culture. Includes lectures,discussions, readings, and research assignments to focus ona particular theme or era in mass media and culture studies.May be repeated if the topic is different. Sample topicsinclude “American Silent Film,” “Women in Film,”“Movies of the 1930s,” and “Movies of the 1940s.’’Prerequisite: COMM 211 or consent. Offered frequently.334 Genres in Mass Media (3)A course in types of popular fiction/television/filmentertainment such as the western, the hard-boileddetective story, the romance and the science fantasy thatserve as distorted mirrors of American culture. As valueschange, so do the popular forms that promote them.Students evaluate two or more genres, showing how theyreveal modern thinking in mythic and cultural terms.Prerequisite: COMM 211 or consent. Offeredintermittently.335 Christian Theology and Film (4)Same as RELST 335.336 Filmmaking on Hollywood, In Hollywood (3)(Winter Session)Investigates the historical and cultural contexts of theHollywood film industry, exploring key cinematic texts thatrepresent Hollywood to itself (e.g. Singing in the Rain, ThePlayer, etc.) and examining how this genre of films hasconstructed a mythic place and mindset called Hollywood.This course is taught as a travel course in southernCalifornia. Prerequisite: three semester hours ofcommunication; preferably a film history course. Offeredin selected Winter Sessions.350 Advanced Video Production (3)Students expand their knowledge of video productiontechniques into a more sophisticated and technical realm.The four main disciplines (videography, lighting, editing,and audio) are covered in significant depth usingprofessional-grade equipment. Students demonstrate theirmastery through a group of exercises and a mainproduction assignment. Prerequisite: COMM 200 orJOUR 200. Offered each fall.422 The Documentary Tradition (3) (I) WIn-depth investigation into the art, history and ethics ofthe documentary in film, radio, television, and digitalmedia. Prerequisites: COMM 211 and junior/senior status.Offered fall of odd-numbered years.495 Communications Studies Internship (3)The internship is seen as a significant, practical learningexperience for the student of communications and, as such,is a required component of the program of studies. Studentsmay do up to two internships as part of the major. Allinternships must be approved by the program coordinator.Offered each semester.JOURNALISM COURSES (JOUR)200 News and Documentary Video (3)Introduces students to the techniques, traditions, andlegal aspects of non-fiction video production. Emphasis ison completion of two short projects (a news feature and ashort documentary) and mastery of basic technicalprinciples of videography, location lighting, and nonlinearediting. Offered each spring.201 Introduction to Journalism (3) (C) WA fundamental approach to the principles of reporting,writing and editing for newspapers, including ethical andlegal concerns. Each student writes several news stories andlearns the elements of style. Prerequisite: grade of C orbetter in ENG 105 or consent. Offered each semester.210 Journalism Workshop (3)A practical workshop providing opportunities forstudents to contribute to The Marlin Chronicle (the VWCstudent newspaper—printed and online) as writers,designers, and photographers. Students are encouraged todiscover and develop a specialty. Prerequisite: JOUR 201 orconsent. Offered each semester.303 Design and Editing (3)An exploration of design and editing concepts incontemporary journalism, with attention to communicatingclearly through visuals and words. Throughnumerous exercises and class discussions, students learnabout content, typographical details, headline writing, andphotojournalism. Course fee. Prerequisite: JOUR 201.Offered each semester.

EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES71310 Critical Writing in Journalism (3) WIntroduces students to evaluative writing in the arts,with emphasis on fiction and film. Students study andreview a number of exemplary works as well as some of theirown selection. Prerequisite: JOUR 201 or consent. Offeredfall of odd-numbered years.328 Public Relations (3)See COMM 328.330 Historical Methods for Journalists (3) WOffers students an introduction to historical researchmethods. Provides journalists with basic historical researchskills. Students learn how to conduct primary research inarchives and libraries, evaluate secondary sources, engagechanging historical interpretations, interview historicalsubjects, and write authoritative historical articles aimed atpopular and scholarly audiences. Prerequisites: JOUR 201and junior/senior status. Offered spring of even-numberedyears.335 Creative Nonfiction (3) WA course in personal journalism, encouraging studentsto participate in the lives of their subjects and the eventsthey cover. Each student writes several stories requiring afly-on-the-wall or a participatory approach. Included arereadings from top practitioners of the form. Prerequisite:JOUR 201 or consent. Offered spring of even-numberedyears.337 Great Works in Journalism (3)A reading course of major works demonstrating thateffective journalistic writing can also be art. Studentsanalyze substance, style and structure in book-lengthnonfiction by Twain, London, Capote, and others.Prerequisite: ENG 105. Offered intermittently.343 Online Journalism (3) WOffers a critical survey of new media, particularly in thecontext of journalism. Special attention is paid to the searchfor a new style of narrative - one that could take advantageof the use of text, hypertext, photos, images in motion,audio and databases. The course enables students tounderstand the complex interactions between the Internetand society and think critically about the ways which newmedia inform our everyday lives. Prerequisite: JOUR 201or consent. Offered intermittently.385 Editors in the Workshop (1)An opportunity for editors of The Marlin Chronicle tosuperintend the professional performance of theirsections. Editors will run weekly budget meetings; makeassignments; encourage, assist and evaluate staff; andproduce a responsible, quality publication. Offered eachsemester.397 Feature Writing (3) WStudents pursue the principles of researching,interviewing, and writing several different kinds of featurestories including editorials, columns and lifestyle pieces.Special topics include sports, travel, food and humor.Prerequisite: JOUR 201 or consent. Offered fall of evennumberedyears.435 Advanced Newswriting (3) WAn advanced course in the collection and reporting ofnews in which students are expected to demonstrateindependence and initiative in their work. Each studentlearns to develop a beat and make use of sources. Emphasisis placed on skepticism. Prerequisite: JOUR 201. Offeredspring of odd-numbered years.COMPUTER SCIENCE(See Mathematics/Computer Science)CRIMINAL JUSTICE(See Sociology/Criminal Justice)EARTH ANDENVIRONMENTALSCIENCESDR. J. CHRISTOPHER HALEYDR. ELIZABETH G. MALCOLM, Program Coordinatorand Division ChairpersonDR. GARRY E. NOEDR. MAYNARD H. SCHAUSEarth and environmental sciences is a multi-disciplinaryfield that addresses the interactions between humans andthe environment. Study in this field includes both anunderstanding of the basic principles that governgeological, biological, and chemical interactions as well asthe applied context of developing solutions to currentenvironmental problems. The earth and environmentalsciences curriculum is designed to provide a solidfoundation in both earth science and environmental scienceas well as supporting coursework in chemistry, biology andphysics. The B.A. program is designed to provide a broadbackground in the fundamentals of Earth Science forstudents who intend to have careers in secondaryeducation, business, law, other areas, or double major. TheB.S. program is intended for students who plan to pursue agraduate degree in earth or environmental sciences and hasadditional mathematics requirements.Those seeking secondary certification in Earth sciencemust take EES 210 and either PHYS 141 or 142.Recommended elective courses: MBE 201, PHIL 304,POLS 323.

72 EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCESBachelor of Arts:COURSE NUMBER AND TITLESEM.HRS.EES 124/125Evolution of the Earth andEvolution of the Earth Lab OREES 130/1314Physical Geology andPhysical Geology LabEES 132/133Environmental Geology and 4Environmental Geology LabBIO 131Principles of Biology IBIO 207 OR 4Environmental BiologyCHEM 117College Chemistry I4CHEM 118College Chemistry II4CHEM 210Analytical Chemistry OREES 2704Environmental ChemistryPHYS 215General PhysicsORPHYS 2214PhysicsEES 200OceanographyOREES 2104MeteorologyBIO 316General Ecology4EES 300Introduction to Geographic 4Information SystemsEES 320Energy and the Environment3EES 330Geology of Mountain Belts4EES 410Watershed Hydrology3EES 450Global Environmental Cycles4EES 480Seminar in Earth and 1Environmental SciencesAT LEAST TWO OF THE FOLLOWING:EES 340, 470, 489; BIO 355, 445, 482/484; 6-8CHEM 260, 311/321; 312/322; 411, 412Bachelor of Science:COURSE NUMBER AND TITLETOTAL 61-63SEM.HRS.EES 124/125Evolution of the Earth andEvolution of the Earth Lab OREES 130/1314Physical Geology andPhysical Geology LabEES 132/133Environmental Geology and 4Environmental Geology LabBIO 131Principles of Biology IBIO 207 OR 4Environmental BiologyCHEM 117College Chemistry I4CHEM 118College Chemistry II4CHEM 210Analytical Chemistry OREES 2704Environmental ChemistryPHYS 221Physics4MATH 172Calculus II4MATH 271Calculus IIIORMATH 226 3Introduction to Statistical ModelingEES 200OceanographyOREES 2104MeteorologyBIO 316General Ecology4INST/EES 300Introduction to Geographic 4Information SystemsEES 320Energy and the Environment3See continuation of choices next page

EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES73Chart continued from previous pageEES 3304Geology of Mountain BeltsEES 4103Watershed HydrologyEES 4504Global Environmental CyclesEES 480Seminar in Earth and 1Environmental SciencesAT LEAST TWO OF THE FOLLOWING:EES 340, 470, 489; BIO 355, 445, 482/484; 6-8CHEM 260, 311/321; 312/322; 411, 412Minor RequirementsTOTAL 67-69COURSE NUMBER AND TITLE(See p. 31 for general minor requirements)SEM.HRS.EES 124/125Evolution of the EarthEvolution of the Earth Lab OREES 130/131Physical Geology 4Physical Geology LabOREES 132/133Environmental GeologyEnvironmental Geology LabEES electives at 200 level or above8and/or BIO 207EES electives at 300 level or above9and/or BIO 316TOTAL 21EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCES (EES)124 Evolution of the Earth (3) (E)Explores the physical, chemical, and biological events ofearth history. Topics such as the origin of the earth, thebirth of ocean basins, continents, and mountain ranges, thebeginning of life in the oceans and on the continents, andpatterns and causes of climate changes, continent shifting,and mass extinction are examined. Optional lab offeredconcurrently (EES 125). Offered spring of odd-numberedyears.125 Evolution of the Earth Lab (1)Explores the major geologic events of earth history asrecorded by geologic deposits and fossils. The coursecombines local geology field trips and indoor exercises,including geologic map interpretation, to reconstruct thegeologic history of areas such as Virginia Beach. The courseis intended for either science or non-science majors andfulfills the laboratory requirements for students intendingto graduate with honors. Prerequisite or corequisite: EES124. Offered spring of odd-numbered years.130 Physical Geology (3) (E)One of the most significant advances of the 20thcentury has been the recognition of earth as a dynamic andcontinually changing planet. This course explores theinterior of the earth through the rock cycle and the unifyingtheory of plate tectonics. The causes and consequences ofearthquakes and volcanic eruptions, the origin of mountainranges, and the vastness of geologic time are topicsaddressed. Optional lab offered concurrently (EES 131).Offered each fall.131 Physical Geology Lab (1)Explores the materials and processes of the physicalearth. Activities include the basic identification of rocks andminerals, reading and interpretation of topographic andgeologic maps, assessment of earthquake and volcanichazards and geologic time. For either science or non-sciencemajors. Prerequisite or corequisite: EES 130. Offered eachfall.132 Environmental Geology (3) (E)Investigates the interaction between people and theearth. This course acquaints students with the geologicorigin, distribution, and exploitation of mineral, water, andenergy resources. Issues surrounding the consequences,both good and bad, of human alteration of theenvironment are investigated with particular emphasis onthose currently in the news. Optional lab offeredconcurrently (EES 133). Offered each spring.133 Environmental Geology Lab (1)Explores the impact of humans on their physicalenvironment and vice versa. Topics include recognition ofearth materials, field and laboratory techniques of waterand soil quality analysis, basic map reading andinterpretation, geologic hazard assessment, and naturalresource availability. Several labs utilizing GeographicInformation Systems (GIS) are included. For either scienceor non-science majors. Prerequisite or corequisite: EES 132.Offered each spring.200 Oceanography (4) (E)The world’s oceans remain one of the least exploredplaces on earth. Despite this reality, the science of oceanographyhas progressed rapidly in recent decades revealingthat the oceans hold many clues to unravel the evolution ofthe planet earth. In this course, the geology of the oceanbasins and the physical and chemical nature of seawater areexplored. Topics studied include ocean waves, tides, andcurrents. Links between the oceans and the atmosphere areexplored with special emphasis on the effect of oceans onclimate, El Nino and climate change. Lecture three hours,laboratory three hours each week. Designed for science and

74 EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCESnon-science majors. Prerequisite or corequisite: MATH 104or 105. Offered each fall.210 Meteorology (4) (E)An introduction to the atmosphere and the sciencebehind weather phenomena such as clouds, hurricanes andtornadoes. Students practice weather forecasting, usemeteorological instrumentation and analyze globalmeteorological datasets. Designed for science or nonsciencemajors. Prerequisite or corequisite: MATH 104 or105. Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours each week.Offered each spring.220 Paleontology of Dinosaurs (4)A study of the diversity, morphology, and ecology ofdinosaurs. Intended for science majors and non-majors whoare interested in discovering the modern conceptssurrounding the evolution, biology, and extinction of thedinosaurs. Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours eachweek. Offered spring of odd-numbered years.250 Field Experiences in Earth andEnvironmental Sciences (3)(Winter Session)(E)Provides students with an intensive field experience inselected habitats. Studies will be conducted to examinevarious geological sites and sample particular habitats. Maybe repeated for credit as topics change. Does not fulfill theNatural Science requirement for Latin Honors. Lab fee.Offered in selected Winter Sessions or summers ondemand.270 Environmental Chemistry (4)An understanding of the chemistry of the natural worldis vital to an understanding of earth processes, the fate ofpollutants, and the proposal of solutions to environmentalproblems. Students explore the earth system and humanperturbations to that system from a chemical perspective.Topics covered include ozone depletion, persistent organicpollutants, wastewater treatment, and toxicity ofenvironmental contaminants. Laboratory exercises givestudents experience in environmental sampling andanalysis. Identical to CHEM 270. Prerequisites: CHEM117 and 118. Lecture three hours, laboratory three hourseach week. Offered fall of odd-numbered years.300 Introduction to Geographic InformationSystems (4)A geographic information system (GIS) is a data-basewith spatial attributes and the tools needed to extract,display, manipulate, and analyze the information. Thecourse introduces the computer-literate GIS novice to theunderlying theory and practical applications of thistechnology. Lectures are interwoven with hands-oncomputer exercises that illustrate the principles, developtechnical competence, and demonstrate the versatility ofGIS. Individualized projects reinforce concepts and helpstudents acquire the knowledge and confidence required touse GIS outside the classroom. Does not fulfill anyrequirements for Latin Honors. Prerequisites: MATH 104or 105 and junior/senior status, or consent. Offered fallsemester of even-numbered years.320 Energy and the Environment (3)An introduction to the fundamental physical conceptsunderlying energy, its conversion, and its impact on theenvironment. Topics include fossil fuels, nuclear-fueledpower plants, renewable forms of energy, pollution, andenergy conversion. Prerequisite: MATH 135. Offered fallof odd-numbered years.330 Geology of Mountain Belts (4)An introduction to the disciplines of stratigraphy andstructural geology focusing on mountain belts as casestudies. Topics include 1) the observation, description andinterpretation of the sedimentary record; 2) themeasurement and analysis of folds, faults and other featuresassociated with tectonic uplift and 3) the tectonic history ofthe Appalachians. Prerequisites: EES 124/125 or EES130/131 or consent. Lecture three hours, laboratory threehours each week. Includes at least two required field trips tokey locations in the central Appalachians. Offered spring ofeven-numbered years.340 Climatology (3) WAn examination of the earth’s climate system and thescience of climate change. Concern over global warminghas stimulated public discourse and motivated research onclimatology. The importance of the climate system is notnew; the earth’s climate has always had a fundamentalinfluence on human civilization and all life on earth. Topicscovered include the dynamics and feedbacks of the climatesystem, ocean and biosphere influences on climate,reconstruction of past climate, predications of futureclimate, and human influences on global and regionalweather patterns. Prerequisite: EES 200 or EES 210.Offered fall of even-numbered years.410 Watershed Hydrology (3)An introduction to the underlying theory and practicalapplications of water science at the watershed scale.Lectures include brief in-class exercises and problems thatillustrate hydrologic principles. Prerequisites: MATH 135and junior/senior status or consent. Offered spring of evennumberedyears.450 Global Environmental Cycles (4)Explores the connections between the atmosphere,hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere throughexploration of global cycling of nutrients and pollutants.We investigate these biogeochemical cycles through analysisof primary research articles, field measurements, chemicalanalysis and a self-designed research project. Prerequisite:junior/senior status and a major in the natural sciences.Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours each week.Identical to CHEM 450. Offered spring of odd-numberedyears.

EDUCATION/SPECIAL EDUCATION/ALTERNATIVE CERTIFICATION FOR TEACHERS75470 Internship in the Natural Sciences (3)An intensive study of a particular field of sciencethrough on-site field experience. Internships involve handsonopportunities in the sciences that are relevant to thatparticular site. Students are expected to devote a minimumof at least 120 hours for three semester hours, but someplacements may require more time. Students mustcoordinate their internship placement with the supervisingfaculty member at least two months prior to placement.Pass/fail grading. Prerequisites: junior/senior status andconsent. Offered each semester.480 Seminar in Earth &Environmental Sciences (1)An advanced seminar on various announced topics inearth and environmental sciences. Topics may include, butare not limited to: conservation of biodiversity, riskassessment, the Chesapeake Bay, habitat restoration,environmental monitoring, biogeochemistry, environmentalpolicy, and sustainable development. Prerequisite:junior/senior standing and consent. Offered each spring.485 Earth and Environmental Science forSecondary School Teachers (1-4)Provides in-service middle and high school earth scienceteachers with an intensive survey of an advanced topic inthe earth or environmental sciences. Topics covered aretailored to the needs of the school district requesting thecourse and may include such topics as historical orstructural geology, meteorology, oceanography orgeographic information systems (GIS). The requirementsfor SOLs will strongly influence the selection of coursematerial. Discussions include how to effectively convey thescientific information to students. Identical to GEOG 485.Prerequisite: consent. Offered on demand.489 Research in the Natural Sciences (3)Identical to BIO 489 and CHEM 489.ECONOMICS(See Management, Business, and Economics)EDUCATION/SPECIAL EDUCATION/ALTERNATE CERTIFICATIONFOR TEACHERSMission StatementThe Education Department is committed to providingprospective teachers with a broad-based, liberal artsorientededucation as well as the highest quality ofdisciplinary preparation in the content area fields andteaching methodology. Unique features of this programinclude early supervised field experiences usually beginningin the sophomore year, strong mentoring efforts by facultyand staff, and the development of area school partnershipsthrough advisory committees and school division contacts.Admission to the Education DepartmentThe professional education programs at VirginiaWesleyan College are periodically reviewed by the StateDepartment of Education and have been designated by theState Board of Education as state approved. Students whowish to complete the professional education program mustformally apply for admission to the Education Department.Application packets are available in the Teacher EducationCertification office.Students will be admitted to the Education Departmentwhen they have met all of the following requirements:1. Earn and maintain a GPA of at least 2.5 in the PIDMmajor and 2.5 overall.2. Earn passing scores (as established by the VirginiaDepartment of Education) on Praxis I. Certain SAT/ACT scores may be accepted in lieu of Praxis I.Contact the Education Department for details.3. Earn a passing score on the Virginia Reading Assessment(where applicable).4. Earn a passing score on the Virginia Communicationand Literacy Assessment.5. Submit an application to the Education Department,an essay, and two (2) recommendations.Students will not be eligible to register for or participatein student teaching until they have been admitted to theEducation Department, completed all required coursework, and submitted proof of having taken Praxis II.TEACHER PREPARATION PROGRAMSThe teacher preparation programs at Virginia WesleyanCollege are known for excellence in preparing classroomteachers. We believe that it takes the entire college toeducate a teacher; therefore, our interdivisional majorintegrates the liberal arts program, the general studiesrequirements, and the professional education courses.All of our education programs have been carefullydesigned to respond to the competencies detailed in theLicensure Regulations for School Personnel, VirginiaDepartment of Education.DR. KAREN BOSCHMR. THOMAS R. FARLEY, Program DevelopmentCoordinator for K-12; Alternate Certification forTeachers (ACT)MS. GINGER L. FERRISDR. B. MALCOLM LIVELY, Director of Teacher EducationDR. JAYNE E. SULLIVANMRS. STACEY WOLLERTON, Director of Field Experiences

76 EDUCATION/SPECIAL EDUCATION/ALTERNATIVE CERTIFICATION FOR TEACHERSTitle II Virginia Communication and LiteracyAssessment and Virginia Reading AssessmentPass Rate Data for 2006-07InstitutionTest Field/CategoryNumber Number PassTested Passed RateBasic SkillsVCLA Reading 33 33 100%VCLA Writing 33 33 100%Aggregate 34 34 100%Professional Knowledge/Pedagogy001 VRA forElementary + Spec. Ed. 33 33 100%Aggregate 33 33 100%Academic Content Areas Praxis II0133 Art ContentKnowledge Praxis 0133 3 – –0014 Elementary Ed.Content Praxis 0014 31 31 100%0041 Eng Lang. Lit,Comp: Content Praxis 0041 3 – –0061 Math: ContentPraxis 0061 1 – –0081 Social Studies:Content Praxis 0081 2 – –Aggregate 40 40 100%“–” indicates “Number Passed” and “Pass Rate”not shown because “Number Tested” was less than 10.PROFESSIONAL EDUCATIONPROGRAMSAll students seeking teacher certification are required totake a speech and an English grammar course. The coursesat VWC are Speech-COMM 222 and Modern EnglishGrammar-ENG 222. See the appropriate advising form foryour certification area which lists all the required coursesfor teacher certification.Elementary Education Program (preK-6)The student seeking preK-6 teacher certification mustchoose the interdivisional academic major (PIDME) andcomplete the required general studies selections as well asthe sequence of professional education courses. The studentis cautioned that careful coordination of the general studies,PIDME major requirements, and the professionaleducation courses is essential if the course of study is to becompleted within a four-year period of time.The elementary education program is designed toprovide the successful student with eligibility for a license toteach in preK-6 classrooms. The student seekingrecommendation for Elementary Education (preK-6)certification must take the following courses:COURSE NUMBER AND TITLEINST 202The School and SocietySEM.HRS.3INST 303Applied Technology for Innovative Teaching3EDUC 225Characteristics of the Learner3EDUC 320Teaching Reading and Language Arts3EDUC 321Diagnostic Teaching of Reading3EDUC 366Classroom Management and Teaching Strategies3EDUC 367Classroom Management Practicum1EDUC 329Curriculum and Instruction preK-63EDUC 330Elementary Practicum1EDUC 335Teaching Math and Science in Schools3EDUC 434Elementary Preservice Teaching I 7.5(seminar included)EDUC 435Elementary Preservice Teaching II 7.5(seminar included)Department RecommendationSPED 371Foundations/Legal/Ethical Issues in 3Special EducationRequired interdivisional majorREQUIRED ADDITIONAL COURSES FORELEMENTARY EDUCATION (preK-6)WITH ADD-ON SPECIAL EDUCATION(General curriculum – K-12)SPED 371Foundations/Legal/Ethical Issues in 3Special EducationSPED 376Assessment and Management of Instruction in 3Special EducationSPED 377Assessment and Management of Instruction 1in Special Education PracticumSPED 382Collaboration and Transition in 3Special EducationSPED 383Collaboration and Transition in Special 1Education PracticumSee continuation of choices next page

EDUCATION/SPECIAL EDUCATION/ALTERNATIVE CERTIFICATION FOR TEACHERS77Chart continued from previous pageEDUC 434Elementary Preservice Teaching I 7.5(seminar included)SPED 438Special Education Preservice Teaching II 7.5(seminar included)REQUIRED ADDITIONAL COURSES FORELEMENTARY EDUCATION (preK-6)WITH ADD-ON MIDDLE EDUCATIONEDUC 338Middle Education Teaching Methods 6-8EDUC 339Middle Education Practicum 6-8EDUC 319Reading in the Content AreasEDUC 434Elementary Preservice Teaching IEDUC 436Middle School Preservice Teaching IMiddle Education Program (6-8)The Middle Education program is designed to providethe successful student with eligibility for a license to teach inthe sixth, seventh, and eighth grades. The student mustcomplete the sequence of professional education courses, thegeneral studies selections, and either a content area major(English, math, science, or social studies) or theinterdivisional academic major (PIDM). Students mustcomplete one 21-hour content area from English,mathematics, science, or social studies. The student iscautioned that careful coordination of the general studies,major requirements and the professional education coursesis essential if the course of study is to be completed within afour-year period of time. The student seekingrecommendation for Middle Education (6-8) certificationmust take the following courses:COURSE NUMBER AND TITLEINST 202The School and SocietyINST 303Applied Technology for Innovative TeachingEDUC 225Characteristics of the LearnerEDUC 320Teaching Reading and Language ArtsEDUC 319Reading in the Content AreasEDUC 366Classroom Management3137.57.5SEM.HRS.333333EDUC 3671Classroom Management PracticumEDUC 3383Middle Education Teaching Methods 6-8EDUC 3391Middle Education Practicum 6-8EDUC 436Middle School Preservice Teaching I 7.5(seminar included)EDUC 437Middle School Preservice Teaching II 7.5(seminar included)Department RecommendationSPED 371Foundations/Legal/Ethical Issues in 3Special EducationEDUC 3753Content Teaching MethodsRequired interdivisional major(In addition, the student must complete onecontent area by choosing from English, science,social studies, or mathematics.See education adviser for the listing of requiredcourses.)Special Education—General Curriculum (K-12)The student seeking Special Education—GeneralCurriculum teacher certification must choose the interdivisionalmajor (PIDMS) and complete the requiredgeneral studies selections as well as the sequence ofprofessional education courses.The student is cautioned that careful coordination ofthe general studies, PIDMS major requirements, and theprofessional education courses is essential if the course ofstudy is to be completed within a four-year period of time.The special education program is designed to providethe successful student with eligibility for a license to teachin K-12 classrooms. The student seeking a recommendationfor special education must take the following courses.COURSE NUMBER AND TITLEINST 202The School and SocietyINST 303Applied Technology for Innovative TeachingEDUC 225Characteristics of the LearnerSEM.HRS.See continuation of choices next page333

78 EDUCATION/SPECIAL EDUCATION/ALTERNATIVE CERTIFICATION FOR TEACHERSChart continued from previous pageEDUC 3203Teaching Reading and Language ArtsEDUC 3213Diagnostic Teaching of ReadingEDUC 3663Classroom Management and Teaching StrategiesEDUC 3671Classroom Management PracticumEDUC 3293Curriculum and Instruction preK-6EDUC 3301Elementary PracticumSPED 371Foundations/Legal/Ethical Issues in 3Special EducationSPED 376Assessment and Management of Instruction 3in Special EducationSPED 377Assessment and Management of Instruction 1in Special Education PracticumSPED 382Collaboration and Transition in 3Special EducationSPED 383Collaboration and Transition in 1Special Education PracticumSPED 438Special Education Preservice Teaching I 7.5(seminar included)SPED 439Special Education Preservice Teaching II 7.5(seminar included)Department RecommendationEDUC 335Teaching Math and Science in SchoolsRequired interdivisional majorREQUIRED ADDITIONAL COURSES FORSPECIAL EDUCATION (General curriculum)with ELEMENTARY EDUCATION(preK-6) ADD ONEDUC 3353Teaching Math and Science in SchoolsEDUC 434Elementary Preservice Teaching I 7.5(seminar included)SPED 438Special Education Preservice Teaching II 7.5(seminar included)3Secondary Education Program (6-12)Art or Foreign Language (French, German,and Spanish) K-12The student seeking certification in either SecondaryEducation or art, foreign language or music (vocal) mustchoose an academic major from the following endorsementareas: art, biology, chemistry, earth and environmentalsciences, English, French, German, Spanish, social studies,mathematics, or music (vocal) and complete the requiredgeneral studies selections as well as the sequence ofprofessional education courses.These programs are designed to provide the successfulstudent with eligibility for a license to teach in the areasdescribed above. Those seeking a recommendation forlicensure must take the following courses.COURSE NUMBER AND TITLESEM.HRS.INST 202The School and Society3INST 303Applied Technology for Innovative Technology3EDUC 225Characteristics of the Learner3EDUC 319Reading in the Content Areas3EDUC 366Classroom Management3EDUC 367Classroom Management Practicum1EDUC 338Middle Education Teaching Methods 6-83EDUC 339Middle Education Practicum 6-81EDUC 375Content Methods 3(English, social studies, mathematics, science,art, foreign language, music (vocal)EDUC 340Secondary Practicum 6-12 and K-121EDUC 445Secondary Preservice Teaching I 7.5(seminar included)EDUC 446Secondary School Preservice Teaching II 7.5(seminar included)Department RecommendationSPED 371Foundations/Legal/Ethical Issues 3in Special EducationSee continuation of choices next page

EDUCATION/SPECIAL EDUCATION/ALTERNATIVE CERTIFICATION FOR TEACHERS79Chart continued from previous pageRequired major: art; English; foreignlanguage (French, German, Spanish);social studies; mathematics; science(biology, chemistry, or earth science).Asreq.ADMISSION TO THEALTERNATIVE CERTIFICATIONFOR TEACHERS PROGRAM (ACT)The Alternative Certification for Teachers program isdesigned to prepare career changers to become classroomteachers. ACT students may choose elementary (preK-6);secondary (6-12) in English, math, science, social studies; orone of the following preK-12 areas—art, foreign language(French, German, Spanish), or music (vocal). Thisinnovative evening program provides the professionalknowledge course work necessary for effective classroomteaching.The applicant must:1. Hold a bachelor’s degree from an accredited collegeor university.2. Have had at least one year of full-time workexperience.3. Submit passing scores (as established by the VirginiaDepartment of Education) on Praxis I and VCLA.Certain SAT/ACT scores may be accepted in lieu ofPraxis I. Contact the ACT program for details.Prior to student teaching, the applicant must:1. Earn and maintain a GPA of at least 2.5 at VirginiaWesleyan College.2. Earn a passing score on the Virginia ReadingAssessment (where applicable).3. Earn a passing score on the Virginia Communicationand Literacy Assessment.4. Earn a passing score on Praxis II in the appropriatecontent area.5. Complete all the required content and professsionaleducation courses.The student seeking certification through the AlternativeCertification for Teachers (ACT) Program mustcomplete the required professional education courses aswell as the content courses needed to meet the staterequirements. Transcripts will be evaluated at the time ofapplication to the program. Contact Mr. Tom Farley(757-455-5725) for specific information.EDUCATION COURSES (EDUC)225 Characteristics of the Learner (3)A human growth and development course focusing onthe child from birth through adolescence. Provides anunderstanding of the physical, social, emotional, andintellectual development of children and the ability to usethis understanding in guiding learning experiences andrelating meaningfully to students. The interaction ofchildren with individual differences—economic, social,racial, ethnic, religious, physical, and mental—areincorporated which promote an understanding ofdevelopmental disabilities and issues related to but notlimited to attention deficit disorders, gifted educationincluding the use of multiple criteria to identify giftedstudents, substance abuse, child abuse, and familydisruptions. Offered each semester.319 Reading in the Content Areas (3)Provides prospective teachers with an understanding ofcomprehension skills in all content areas, including arepertoire of questioning strategies, summarizing andretelling skills, and strategies in literal, interpretive, critical,and evaluative comprehension, as well as the ability tofoster appreciation of a variety of literature andindependent reading. For students in secondary education(6-12) and art, foreign language. Offered each semester.320 Teaching Reading and Language Arts (3)Provides prospective teachers with an understanding oflanguage acquisition, development, and reading to include:phonemic awareness, sound/symbol relationships, andexplicit phonics instruction. Students focus on theknowledge, skills, and processes for teaching theEnglish/Reading SOLs. Emphasis is on instructionaltechniques to assist students with disabilities achievereading and comprehension skills. Prerequisite: EDUC225. Offered each semester.321 Diagnostic Teaching of Reading (3) WProvides prospective teachers with strategies forimplementing ongoing classroom assessment, diagnosis andremediation of reading skills through the use of bothinformal and standardized assessment tools. Focuses ondeveloping proficiency in a wide variety of comprehensionstrategies, including fluency and vocabulary development,ability to foster appreciation for a variety of literature andindependent reading, as well as the ability to promoteprogress with SOL end-of-course assessments. Emphasis ison instructional techniques to assist students withdisabilities to achieve reading and comprehension skills.Prerequisite: EDUC 320. Offered each semester.329 Curriculum and Instruction PreK-6 (3)Skills in this course contribute to an understanding ofthe principles of learning; the application of skills indiscipline-specific methodology; communication processes;selection and use of materials, including media andcomputers; and evaluation of pupil performance includinginterpreting and analyzing valid assessments to maketeaching decisions. Another focus includes the teachingmethods for English language learners, gifted and talentedstudents and those students with disabling conditions(PK-6) and is tailored to promote student progress andpreparation for the SOL assessments. Students learnmethods of improving communication and involvementbetween schools and families, including the FoundationBlocks for Early Learning. Prerequisite: INST 202, EDUC225 or consent. Offered each semester.

80 EDUCATION/SPECIAL EDUCATION/ALTERNATIVE CERTIFICATION FOR TEACHERS330 Elementary Practicum (1)A teaching practicum which provides an opportunity toapply teaching methods, practice skills in teachingdiscipline-specific methodology, and learn to implementclassroom management strategies. A supervised fieldexperience in a primary classroom is provided. The studentmust request a placement from the Director of FieldExperiences early in the registration process. Pass/failgrading. Prerequisites: INST 202, EDUC 225 and 320.Corequisite: EDUC 329. Offered each semester.335 Teaching Math and Science in Schools (3)Designed to aid future elementary teachers in theirunderstanding and integration of the knowledge, skills andprocesses to support students in the achievement of theStandards of Learning (SOL) in mathematics and science.Many math and science labs will be conducted.Prerequisite: EDUC 366. Offered each semester.338 Middle Education Teaching Methods: 6-8 (3)A curriculum and instructional procedures course formiddle education. Major emphasis is on: structure ofmiddle school, principles of learning, the ability toconstruct and interpret valid assessments and analyze datato improve student performance, the relationship amongassessment, instruction, and monitoring student progress,the use of media and computers, and methods of improvingcommunication between school and families. Prerequisites:EDUC 225 and EDUC 366 for “DAY” and ACT students.Corequisite: EDUC 339. Offered each semester.339 Middle Education Practicum: 6-8 (1)A teaching practicum which assists in preparing theprofessional educator for teaching developmentallyappropriate lessons to middle school students. A supervisedexperience in a middle school classroom is provided. Thestudent must request a placement from the Director ofField Experiences early in the registration process. Pass/failgrading. Corequisite: EDUC 338. Offered on demand.340 Secondary Practicum: 6-12:English, Math, Science, or Social Studies,Art, Foreign Language K-12 (1)A teaching practicum which provides an opportunity toapply teaching methods, practice skills in teachingdiscipline-specific methodologies, and learn to implementclassroom management strategies. The student mustrequest a placement from the Director of Field Experiencesearly in the registration process. Pass/fail grading.Prerequisite: EDUC 338 and 339. Corequisite: EDUC375. Offered each fall.366 Classroom Managementand Teaching Strategies (3)Contributes to an understanding and application ofclassroom behavior and management techniques, classroomcommunity building, and individual interventions,including techniques that promote emotional well-beingand teach and maintain behavioral conduct and skillsconsistent with the norms, standards, and rules of theeducational environment. Included are assessments andmanagement of behavior related to the best specialeducation practice that provide positive behavioralsupports; and are based on functional assessment ofbehavior. The course addresses diverse approaches basedupon behavioral, cognitive, affective, social, and ecologicaltheory and practice. Approaches support professionallyappropriate practices and promote positive redirection ofbehavior, development of social skills and of self discipline.Corequisite: EDUC 367. Offered each semester.367 Classroom Management Practicum (1)Provides an opportunity to observe classroommanagement strategies in multiple settings. The studentmust request a placement from the Director of FieldExperiences early in the registration process. Pass/failgrading. Corequisite: EDUC 366. Offered each semester.375 Content Teaching Methods (3)A secondary curriculum and instructional procedurescourse focused on the prospective teacher’s specific contentarea. Students select their appropriate section of EDUC375 that corresponds with their content specialty (art,English, foreign language, history/social studies,mathematics, science). Major emphasis is on applying thefollowing concepts to their content specialty: principles oflearning; the ability to construct and interpret validassessments and analyze data to improve studentperformance; the relationship among assessment,instruction, and monitoring student progress; the use ofmedia and computers; and methods of improvingcommunication between school and families. Prerequisites:EDUC 338 and 339. Corequisite: EDUC 340 forsecondary “DAY” education students. A 12-hour fieldexperience is required for ACT students. Offered each fall.434 Elementary Preservice Teaching I (7.5)This preservice teaching experience is in grades 1-3. Thestudent teaching I and II provide over 300 clock hours and150 hours of direct instruction. The student must request aplacement from the Director of Field Experiences thesemester before student teaching. Seminars are included.Prerequisite: Admission to the Education Department.Offered each semester.435 Elementary Preservice Teaching II (7.5)This preservice teaching experience is in grades 4-5. Thestudent teaching I and II provide over 300 clock hours and150 hours of direct instruction. The student must request aplacement from the Director of Field Experiences thesemester before student teaching. Seminars are included.Prerequisite: Admission to the Education Department.Offered each semester.436 Middle Education Preservice Teaching I (7.5)This preservice teaching experience is in a sixth gradeclassroom. The student teaching I and II provide over 300clock hours and 150 hours of direct instruction. One of the

EDUCATION/SPECIAL EDUCATION/ALTERNATIVE CERTIFICATION FOR TEACHERS81student’s two content areas is chosen. The student mustrequest a placement from the Director of Field Experiencesthe semester before student teaching. Seminars areincluded. Prerequisite: Admission to the EducationDepartment. Offered each semester.437 Middle Education Preservice Teaching II (7.5)This preservice teaching experience is in grades 7-8. Thestudent teaching I and II provide over 300 clock hours and150 hours of direct instruction. One of the student’s twocontent areas is chosen. The student must request aplacement from the Director of Field Experiences thesemester before student teaching. Seminars are included.Prerequisite: Admission to the Education Department.Offered each semester.445 Secondary Preservice Teaching I (7.5)This preservice teaching experience is fulfilled in grades6-8. The student teaching I and II provide over 300 clockhours and 150 hours of direct instruction. The studentmust request a placement from the Director of FieldExperiences the semester before student teaching. Seminarsare included. Prerequisite: Admission to the EducationDepartment. Students majoring in art and foreign languagefor K-12 teacher certification also enroll in EDUC445/446. Offered each semester.446 Secondary Preservice Teaching II (7.5)This preservice teaching experience is fulfilled in grades9-12. The student teaching I and II provide over 300 clockhours and 150 hours of direct instruction. The studentmust request a placement from the Director of FieldExperiences the semester before student teaching. Seminarsare included. Prerequisite: Admission to the EducationDepartment. Offered each semester.461 ACT Elementary Preservice Teaching 1 (4)A preservice teaching experience for ACT students ingrades 1-3. The student teaching I and II provide over 300clock hours and 150 hours of direct instruction. Studentsmust request a placement from the Director of FieldExperiences the semester before student teaching. Seminarsare included. Prerequisite: Admission to the EducationDepartment. Offered each semester.462 ACT Elementary Preservice Teaching 11 (4)A preservice teaching experience for ACT students ingrades 4-6. The student teaching I and II provide over 300clock hours and 150 hours of direct instruction. Thestudent must request a placement from the Director ofField Experiences the semester before student teaching.Seminars are included. Prerequisite: Admission to theEducation Department. Offered each semester.463 ACT Secondary Preservice Teaching 1 (4)A preservice teaching experience for ACT students ingrades 6-8. The student teaching I and II provide over 300clock hours and 150 hours of direct instruction. Thestudent must request a placement from the Director ofField Experiences the semester before student teaching.Seminars are included. Prerequisite: Admission to theEducation Department. Students majoring in art andforeign language for K-12 certification enroll in EDUC 463and 464. Offered each semester.464 ACT Secondary Preservice Teaching 11 (4)A preservice teaching experience for ACT students ingrades 9-12. The student teaching I and II provide over 300clock hours and 150 hours of direct instruction. Thestudent must request a placement from the Director ofField Experiences the semester before student teaching.Seminars are included. Prerequisite: Admission to theEducation Department. Offered each semester.480 Field Experience in Education (1-3)Involves working with students in special programs.The experience helps prospective teachers learn aboutstudents outside the usual formal school environment. AnAVID program placement is possible. Pass/fail grading.Prerequisite: consent. Offered on demand.SPECIAL EDUCATION COURSES(SPED)371 Foundations/Legal/Ethical Issues inSpecial Education (3)Focuses on the knowledge of the foundation foreducating students with disabilities. Subjects coveredinclude the historical perspectives, normal patterns ofdevelopment, medical aspects of disabilities, dynamicinfluence of the family system, and understanding of theethical issues. The knowledge of definitions, characteristics,and learning and behavioral supports needs of studentswith disabilities including those who access the generaleducation curriculum at the elementary, middle and highschool levels. At least eight categories of students withdisabilities are discussed with application of at least eightcharacteristics specific to schooling. Students taking thiscourse gain an understanding of the legal aspects, regulatoryrequirements, and expectations associated withidentification, education, and evaluation of students withdisabilities. Offered each semester.376 Assessment and Management of Instructionin Special Education (3)Focuses on psychoeducational assessment, selection,administration, scoring and interpretation of standardized,informal and curricular-based instruments for eligibility,program planning, and program evaluation decisions. Anunderstanding of service delivery, curriculum, andinstruction of students with disabilities is included.Emphasis is on making decisions about student progress,instruction, accommodation, placement and strategies forstudents with disabilities who are accessing the generaleducation curriculum, using differentiated instructional(directive and nondirective) methodologies, applyingalternative ways to teach content and remedial deficienciesin all academic areas, and using assistive and instructional

82 ENGLISHtechnology to access the general curriculum, andimplementing and monitoring IEPS. Prerequisite: SPED371. Corequisite: SPED 377. Offered each fall.377 Assessment and Management of Instructionin Special Education-Practicum (1)Provides a supervised opportunity to apply proceduresfor administering, scoring and interpreting individual andgroup instruments and utilizing assessment findings foreligibility, program planning, and program evaluationdecisions. The student plans lessons for students withdisabilities to teach content, remediate deficiencies inaccessing the general curriculum and implementing IEPs. Afield experience placement is provided. The student mustrequest a placement from the Director of Field Experiences.Pass/fail grading. Prerequisite: SPED 371. Corequisite:SPED 376. Offered on demand.382 Collaboration and Transitionin Special Education (3)Prepares students to work with families to providesuccessful transitions of students with disabilitiesthroughout the educational experience to includepostsecondary training, employment, and independentliving that addresses an understanding of long-termplanning, career development, life skills, communityexperiences and resources, self-advocacy, and selfdetermination,guardianship and legal considerations.Students learn to routinely and effectively collaborate withfamilies, other educators, related service providers, andpersonnel from community agencies in culturallyresponsible ways. Prerequisite: SPED 371. Corequisite:SPED 383. Offered each spring.383 Collaboration and Transitionin Special Education–Practicum (1)Prepares students to work with families to providesuccessful transitions of students with disabilitiesthroughout the educational experience to includepostsecondary training, employment, and independentliving that addresses an understanding of long-termplanning, career development, life skills, communityexperiences and resources, self-advocacy, and selfdetermination,guardianship and legal considerations.Students learn to routinely and effectively collaborate withfamilies, other educators, related service providers, andpersonnel from community agencies in culturallyresponsible ways. Prerequisite: SPED 371. Corequisite:SPED 382. Offered each spring.438 Special Education PreserviceTeaching I (7.5)A preservice teaching experience in grades K-6. Thestudent teaching I and II provide over 300 clock hours and150 hours of direct instruction. The student must request aplacement from the Director of Field Experiences thesemester prior to student teaching. Seminars are included.Attendance is mandatory. Prerequisite: Admission to theEducation Department. Offered each semester.439 Special Education PreserviceTeaching II (7.5)A preservice teaching experience in grades 6-12. Thestudent teaching I and II provide over 300 clock hours and150 hours of direct instruction. The student must request aplacement from the Director of Field Experiences thesemester prior to student teaching. Seminars are included.Attendance is mandatory. Prerequisite: Admission to theEducation Department. Offered each semester.465 ACT Special EducationPreservice Teaching I (4)A preservice teaching experience for ACT students inspecial education grades K-6. The student teaching I and IIprovide over 300 clock hours and 150 hours of directinstruction. The student must request a placement from theDirector of Field Experiences the semester before studentteaching. Seminars are included. Attendance is mandatory.Prerequisites: admission to the Education Department.Corequisite: SPED 466. Offered each semester.466 ACT Special EducationPreservice Teaching II (4)A preservice teaching experience for ACT students inspecial education grades 6-12. The student teaching I and IIprovide over 300 clock hours and 150 hours of directinstruction. The student must request a placement from theDirector of Field Experiences the semester before studentteaching. Seminars are included. Attendance is mandatory.Prerequisites: admission to the Education Department.Corequisite: SPED 465. Offered each semester.ENGLISHDR. CONNIE BELLAMYDR. LISA P. CARSTENSDR. MICHAEL HALL, Program CoordinatorDR. REBECCA E. HOOKERDR. CAROL V. JOHNSONDR. SUSAN E. LARKINDR. KATHERINE M. LORINGMS. VIVIAN TETERDR. JEFFREY W. TIMMONS, Program CoordinatorDR. JOSH A. WEINSTEINThe student drawn to the study of English as a major isusually, before anything else, someone who loves to readand write. This lover of words reads not just for information,but for the pleasure of experiencing the beauty andmystery of language and for the challenge of seeing how itshapes human thought and feeling. The English major,then, is someone interested in politics, history, psychology,religion, philosophy, science, and the arts, but particularlythrough the refractive lens of critical and imaginativewriting.English courses teach the skills of critical thinking,writing, and research, as well as some of the frameworksthrough which literature can be read. Courses are designedto help students read with comprehension and enjoyment,

ENGLISH83write with skill and grace, appreciate diverse cultures andvalues, understand the relationship between art and life,and discover the liberating qualities of the imagination. Allcourses are open to non-majors.English majors make desirable candidates for jobs inbusiness, industry, education, and government. Graduatesof our programs have the flexibility that is increasinglynecessary in the workplace of the future. The English majorhelps prepare students for specific careers in writing,publishing, journalism, law and teaching, and for graduatestudy.Major Programs in EnglishStudents who wish to pursue the study of English haveseveral options to choose from: (1) major in English with aconcentration in literature; (2) major in theatre andEnglish; (3) major in English with secondary educationcertification; or, (4) major in English with a concentrationin creative or professional writing. The requirements forthese majors are summarized below. A student interested inone of these programs should consult with a member of thedepartment. Those interested in the concentration increative or professional writing should see Ms. Vivian Teter,who directs this track.Internships for English MajorsInternships may be taken by English majors who havecompleted 12 semester hours of English at VirginiaWesleyan College.The internship must be approved by the student’sadviser and the program coordinator in an organizationapproved by the department. In the past few years,internships have been approved for such organizations asthe Space and Naval Warfare Command, the NorfolkChamber of Commerce, and PortFolio Weekly Magazine.Note: All four English major tracks below share thesame six initial core components; they are repeated in eachtable for ease of reference.Major Requirements: English withConcentration in LiteratureCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLEENG 280Early British LiteratureENG 281Later British LiteratureENG 284American LiteratureENG/TH 311Theory and CriticismSEM.HRS.3333One of the following:ENG 314History and Development of the3English LanguageORENG 321Introduction to LinguisticsENG/TH 346Shakespeare I3ENG/TH 347Shakespeare IIFive of the following upper-divisionliterature courses:ENG 310Distinctive Voices in ContemporaryAmerican PoetryENG 315The Experience of PoetryENG 317Children’s LiteratureENG 318Adolescent LiteratureENG 327The British NovelENG 336Milton and Spenser 15ENG 350Renaissance Drama Exclusive of ShakespeareENG 355From Restoration to RevolutionENG 357British Romanticism: 1784-1832ENG 361American Women WritersENG 365ModernismENG 367Ulysses on the ElizabethENG 371Southern LiteratureENG 378The American NovelENG 383Banned Books/Law in U.S. HistoryENG 385American Protest LiteratureENG 440Topics in Earlier British LiteratureENG 441Topics in Later British LiteratureENG 442Topics in American LiteratureENG 472Senior SeminarOne additional English course at any level 3TOTAL 36

84 ENGLISHMajor Requirements:Theatre and EnglishCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLESEM.HRS.ENG 2803Early British LiteratureENG 2813Later British LiteratureENG 2843American LiteratureENG/TH 3113Theory and CriticismENG 314History and Development of theEnglish Language OR 3ENG 321Introduction to LinguisticsENG/TH 346Shakespeare IOR3ENG/TH 347Shakespeare IIAmerican Literature (choose one):ENG 310Distinctive Voices in ContemporaryAmerican PoetryENG 361American Women WritersENG 3713Southern LiteratureENG 378The American NovelENG 383Banned Books/Law in U.S. HistoryENG 385American Protest LiteratureENG 442Topics in American LiteratureBritish Literature (choose one):ENG 327The British NovelENG 336Milton and SpenserENG 350Renaissance Drama Exclusiveof Shakespeare 3ENG 355From Restoration to Revolution:British Literature, 1660-1789ENG 365ModernismENG 367Ulysses on the ElizabethENG 440Topics in Earlier British LiteratureENG 441Topics in Later British LiteratureOne of the following:TH 210ActingORTH 220 3Technical TheatreORTH 230Rehearsal and PerformanceTH 301Theatre History ITH 3029Theatre History IITH 407Twentieth-Century TheatreOne additional TH course 3Major Requirements: English withsecondary certificationCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLETOTAL 39SEM.HRS.ENG 280Early British Literature3ENG 281Later British Literature3ENG 284American Literature3ENG/TH 311Theory and Criticism3ENG 340Advanced Composition & 3Teaching MethodsENG 314History and Development of theEnglish Language OR 3ENG 321Introduction to LinguisticsENG/TH 346Shakespeare I OR 3ENG/TH 347Shakespeare IIENG 222Modern English Grammar3American Literature (choose one):ENG 310Distinctive Voices in ContemporaryAmerican PoetryENG 361American Women WritersENG 371Southern Literature3See continuation of choices next page

ENGLISH85Chart continued from previous pageENG 378The American NovelENG 383Banned Books/Law in U.S. HistoryENG 385American Protest LiteratureENG 442Topics in American LiteratureBritish literature (choose one):ENG 327The British NovelENG 336Milton and SpenserENG 350Renaissance Drama Exclusiveof Shakespeare3ENG 355From Restoration to RevolutionENG 357British Romanticism: 1784-1832ENG 365ModernismENG 367Ulysses on the ElizabethENG 440Topics in Earlier British LiteratureENG 441Topics in Later British LiteratureSecondary Genre (choose one):JOUR 201Introduction to JournalismTH 210ActingTH 220 3Technical TheatreTH 320Children’s TheatreCOMM 211Introduction to Mass CommunicationReadings in Literature (choose twofrom different categories):Poetry:ENG 310Distinctive Voices in ContemporaryAmerican PoetryENG 315The Experience of PoetryENG 357British Romanticism: 1784-1832World Literature:ENG 265 6Love, Sex, Marriage in Western LiteratureCLAS 330Ancient Epic in TranslationContemporary Literature:ENG 285Contemporary American LiteratureENG 287Modern and Contemporary LiteratureENG 310Distinctive Voices in ContemporaryAmerican PoetryThe Novel:ENG 327The British NovelENG 378The American NovelMajor Requirements: English withconcentration in creative writing.COURSE NUMBER AND TITLETOTAL 39SEM.HRS.ENG 280Early British Literature3ENG 281Later British Literature3ENG 284American Literature3ENG/TH 311Theory and Criticism3ENG 314History and Development of theEnglish Language OR 3ENG 321Introduction to LinguisticsENG/TH 346Shakespeare IORENG/TH 3473Shakespeare IIPoets Select:ENG 298Intermediate Writing Workshop: PoetryENG 398Advanced Writing Workshop: PoetryENG 310 12Distinctive Voices in ContemporaryAmerican PoetryENG 315The Experience of PoetryFiction Writers Select:ENG 299Intermediate Writing Workshop: FictionENG 399Advanced Writing Workshop: FictionENG 216 12The Short StorySee continuation of choices next page

86 ENGLISHChart continued from previous pageENG 327The British NovelENG 378The American NovelORProfessional Writers Select:ENG 242Writing for Business and OrganizationsENG 240/340Advanced CompositionCS 105 12Information Systems andComputer ApplicationsENG 483English InternshipOne of the following:ENG 240/340 (except professional writers)Advanced CompositionENG 298 (except poets)Intermediate Writing Workshop: PoetryENG 299 (except fiction writers)3Intermediate Writing Workshop: FictionENG 398*Advanced Writing Workshop: PoetryENG 399*Advanced Writing Workshop: Fiction*can be repeated once for creditReading in a secondary genre (choose one):ENG 259Mystery and DetectionENG 317Children’s LiteratureENG 318Adolescent LiteratureENG 350Renaissance Drama Exclusiveof Shakespeare 3TH 375Images of Women in Theatre and FilmTH 380Theatre of DiversityTH 407Twentieth-Century TheatreTH 408The Theatre TodayINST 342Aesthetic CommunicationReading in British or Americanliterature (choose one):ENG 251Diversity in American LiteratureENG 310Distinctive Voices in ContemporaryAmerican Literature (except poets)ENG 327The British NovelENG 336Spenser and MiltonENG 355From Restoration to RevolutionENG 357British Romanticism: 1784-1832 3ENG 361American Women WritersENG 365ModernismENG 367Ulysses on the ElizabethENG 371Southern LiteratureENG 378The American NovelENG 383Banned Books/Law in U.S. HistoryENG 440Topics in Early British LiteratureENG 441Topics in Later British LiteratureENG 442Topics in American LiteratureENG 472Senior SeminarMinor RequirementsTOTAL 39COURSE NUMBER AND TITLE(See p. 31 for general minor requirements)ENG/TH 346Shakespeare IORENG/TH 347Shakespeare IIAt least 9 semester hours must betaken at the 300/400 levelAll remaining hours must be takenat, or above, the 200 levelENGLISH COURSES (ENG)SEM.HRS.396TOTAL 18001 Writing Review (0)*A workshop for students who would benefit frombrushing up on their writing skills before taking ENG 105.Includes meetings with a supportive small group andweekly conferences with the instructor. Prerequisite:placement or consent. *While students receive no creditfrom this course, the course grade does count toward theiroverall grade point average (as if this were a one-semesterhour course). Offered each semester.

ENGLISH87105 College Writing (4) WAn intensive introduction to several forms of collegewriting and to the critical thinking and research skillsessential to producing them. This course requires thesubmission of a portfolio that meets standardizedrequirements and is judged proficient by an outside reader.Three hours per week, plus regular conferences with theinstructor. A grade of C or better satisfies the first semesterEnglish requirement. Prerequisite: placement. Offered eachsemester.106 College Writing Workshop (2)(Winter Session)A workshop designed to offer intensive instruction inthe writing of essays around a common theme. Prerequisite:placement on the basis of performance in ENG 105. Agrade of C or better satisfies the first semester Englishrequirement. Offered each Winter Session.107 Practical Grammar (1)(Winter Session)A course in practical grammar, usage, and mechanicscovering the most important rules to follow whenproofreading. Emphasizes application of skills to students’own writing. Offered in selected Winter Sessions.216 The Short Story (3) WAn introduction to the short story focusing primarily oncontemporary and innovative fiction by authors fromdiverse backgrounds. Prerequisite: ENG 105 with a gradeof C or better and either sophomore status or consent.Offered in selected semesters.222 Modern English Grammar (3)A survey of traditional, structural, Chomskyan andcognitive approaches to grammar. This course includes anintroduction to dialect variation and a review of standardusage. Prerequisite: ENG 105 with a grade of C or better.Does not fulfill General Studies sophomore literaturerequirement. Offered each fall.230 Environmental Literatureand Ecological Reflection (3)(Winter Session)WStudents read and discuss influential works ofenvironmental writing, and then travel to a field locationwhere they engage in the practice of environmental writingthrough a series of reflective and creative writing exercises.A portfolio of student work is published via a coursewebsite. Field locations vary. Not repeatable for additionalcredit without special permission. Prerequisites: ENG 105with C or better and sophomore level literature course orconsent. Offered in selected winter and summer sessions.232 Literature Into Film (3) (A)(Winter Session)An examination of the differences between literary andfilm narrative. Both popular fiction and classics are used inlooking at how plot, characterization, setting, spectacle, andother aspects of storytelling change depending on whetherthe medium is the written word, the stage, or the screen.Adaptations that attempt to preserve significant parts of theoriginal and ones that completely reword it will bereviewed. Also studied are how film versions of a classicwork affect how contemporary audiences read the original.Prerequisite: English 105 with grade of C or better andeither sophomore status or consent. Does not fulfillGeneral Studies sophomore literature requirement. Offeredin selected Winter Sessions.240 Advanced Composition (3) WA course in expository writing which offers opportunitiesto improve skills in designing, drafting, and revising prosefor academic and professional writing projects. It providesinstruction in documented scholarly writing, featurewriting, technical writing and creative nonfiction.Prerequisite: English 105. Offered each semester.242 Writing for Businessand Organizations (3)WCovers the skills needed to write different types ofbusiness and organizational communications, includingletters, e-mail, reports, and proposals. Emphasis is onplanning, drafting, and editing as well as developing aprofessional writing style to achieve results. Prerequisite:ENG 105 and either sophomore status or consent. Doesnot fulfill General Studies sophomore literaturerequirement. Offered spring of odd-numbered years.250 Studies in Literature (3) WSelected topics approach literature from different generic,historical, or methodological perspectives. Versions mayinclude several different media, but the focus will always beon literature. At least 20 pages of writing including at leastone documented essay are required. Prerequisite: ENG 105with a grade of C or better and either sophomore status orconsent. Offered most semesters.251 Diversity in American Literature (3) WAn opportunity to study—and to listen to—voices inAmerican culture that have often been silenced or ignored.The focus is on ethnic groups such as Native American,African-American, Asian-American and Hispanic-American but also includes people marginalized because ofclass, gender, or sexual orientation. Prerequisite: ENG 105with a grade of C or better and either sophomore status orconsent. Offered in selected semesters.259 Literature of Mystery and Detection (3) WA study of the evolution of the mystery and detectivenovel, focusing primarily on American and British writersfrom Poe and Doyle to contemporary novelists.Prerequisite: ENG 105 with a grade of C or better andeither sophomore status or consent. Offered in selectedsemesters.

88 ENGLISH261/361 American Women Writers (3) WWomen in North America are writing many of the bestworks of our time. This course focuses on how these newvoices, and some of their predecessors, illuminate the depthand the diversity of human experience. Authors fromseveral ethnic groups might include: Wharton, Hurston,Walker, Oates, Munro, Atwood, Tan, Silko, Kincaid,Hempel, and new young writers. Prerequisite: ENG 105with a grade of C or better and either sophomore status orconsent. Offered intermittently.265 Love, Sex, Marriage inWestern Literature (3)WA study of the history and development of ourconceptions of love, sexuality, masculinity, femininity, andmarriage as they are represented in literature from theancient Sumerians to the present; some attention is alsogiven to art forms other than literature. Prerequisite: ENG105 with a grade of C or better and either sophomore statusor consent. Offered each spring.271/371 Southern Literature (3) WA study of the fiction, nonfiction, and poetry of theAmerican South in which both the social background andhistorical development are stressed. Chopin, Faulkner,Hurston, Welty, Porter, McCullers, Ellison, Wright, andcontemporary writers are featured. Prerequisite: ENG 105with a grade of C or better and either sophomore status orconsent. Offered intermittently.280 Early British Literature (3)A survey of major authors, works, and literary traditionsfrom Beowulf to 1785. Prerequisite: ENG 105 with a gradeof C or better and either sophomore status or consent.Offered each fall.281 Later British Literature (3)A survey of major authors, works, and literary traditionsfrom 1785 to the early 20th century. Prerequisite: ENG 105with a grade of C or better and either sophomore status orconsent. Offered each spring.284 American Literature (3)A survey of American authors, works, and literary trendsfrom the beginning up to the contemporary period.Prerequisite: ENG 105 with a grade of C or better andeither sophomore status or consent. Offered each fall.285 Contemporary American Literature (3) WA survey of authors, works, and literary trends from theBeats of the 1950s to the latest published works.Prerequisite: ENG 105 with a grade of C or better andeither sophomore status or consent. Offered intermittently.287 Modern and Contemporary Literature (3) WA survey of major authors, works, and literary traditionsfrom the beginning of the 20th century. The emphasis willbe on British and American literature, with attention toEuropean literature and world literature in English.Prerequisite: ENG 105 with a grade of C or better andeither sophomore status or consent. Offered spring of oddnumberedyears.298 Intermediate WritingWorkshop: Poetry (3)WAn intermediate-level workshop in the writing ofpoetry, with critical discussions in class of student writing aswell as the study of well-known poems. Emphasis is placedupon experimentation and creative exercises. Workproduced during the course is considered for publication inVWC’s literary magazine. Non-majors welcome. Pass/failgrading. Prerequisite: ENG 105 with a grade of C or better.Does not fulfill General Studies sophomore literaturerequirement. Offered each fall.299 Intermediate Writing Workshop:Fiction (3)WAn intermediate-level workshop in the writing offiction, with class discussions of student work as well as thework of established writers. Students explore andexperiment with techniques and structures of the shortstory. Work produced during the course is considered forpublication in VWC’s literary magazine. Prerequisite: ENG105 with a grade of C or better. Pass/fail grading. Does notfulfill General Studies sophomore literature requirement.Offered spring of even-numbered years.310 Distinctive Voices in ContemporaryAmerican Poetry (3)WA study of the many and varied voices in contemporaryAmerican poetry, especially selected works of poetrypublished since 1960. Authors studied include poets such asJorie Graham, Dana Levin, and Adrienne Rich.Prerequisites: ENG 105 with a grade of C or better, one200-level literature course, and junior status or consent.Offered intermittently.311 Theory and Criticism (3)A survey of literary theory and criticism as it relates todrama, poetry and fiction from Plato and Aristotle tocontemporary poststructuralist theory. Prerequisite: juniorstatus or consent. Identical to TH 311. Does not fulfillGeneral Studies sophomore literature requirement. Offeredeach fall.314 History and Development of theEnglish Language (3)WThe development of English from its Indo-Europeanand Germanic backgrounds to the present. The courseincludes a survey of current dialects of English anddiscussion of current social and political issues relating toEnglish. Prerequisite: junior status or consent. Does notfulfill General Studies sophomore literature requirement.Offered spring of even-numbered years.

ENGLISH89315 The Experience of Poetry (3)An intensive introduction to poetry through anexamination of the poem’s relationship to universal humanexperiences and with a special emphasis on gaining athorough understanding of the elements of poetry.Attention is given to explication, analysis, and readingcomprehension. Students also experiment with writingsome poetry. The course is particularly geared toward thosewho will be teaching poetry. Prerequisites: ENG 105 with agrade of C or better, a 200-level W literature course, andjunior status. Does not fulfill General Studies sophomoreliterature requirement. Offered each semester.317 Children’s Literature (3)A study of the patterns of children’s literature, the majorthemes, the genres taught in elementary grades and middleschool, with attention to criteria for selecting books, stories,and poems with cultural and literary value suited to theneeds of children. Prerequisite: junior status or consent.Does not fulfill General Studies sophomore literaturerequirement. Offered each fall.318 Adolescent Literature (3) WA survey of literature for young adults including theclassics of adolescent fiction, social problem novels,historical fiction, biographies, and poetry. Prerequisite:ENG 105 with a grade of C or better. Offered each spring.320 Feminist and Gender Theory (3)Examines contemporary arguments about the nature ofwomen and men as well as about the biological, social, andaesthetic categories of male, female, intersex, masculine,feminine, heterosexual, homosexual, and thetransgendered. Gender issues are studied in relation tohistorical and cross-cultural contexts, in relation to westernwomen’s movements of the 19th and 20th centuries, and inrelation to local and global issues affected by the politics ofgender. Prerequisite: WGS 220 or ENG/TH 311 orconsent. Identical to WGS 320. Offered spring of oddnumberedyears.321 Introduction to Linguistics (3)An examination of several main areas of linguistics,including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax,semantics, language acquisition, language variation, andlanguage change. Prerequisite: ENG 105 with a grade of Cor better. Does not fulfill General Studies sophomoreliterature requirement. Offered spring of odd-numberedyears.327 The British Novel (3) WThe history of the British novel from its antecedentsthrough the 20th century. Along with attention totheories of the novel, the course focuses in detail onrepresentative texts. Prerequisite: any sophomore literaturecourse or consent. Offered spring of even-numbered years.329 Modern German Literature (3)Identical to GER 329.336 Spenser and Milton (3) WA study of England’s two greatest epics, The FaerieQueene and Paradise Lost. Subjects for discussion includethe epic tradition, Christian theology, Renaissancehumanism, the nature of masculinity and femininity, armedcombat with dragons, forbidden picnics, and many othersin two of the Western tradition’s most varied, inclusive, andinteresting works of art. Prerequisite: junior status orconsent. Offered spring of even-numbered years.340 Advanced Composition andTeaching Methods (3)WA course in expository writing and composition theorywhich combines opportunities to improve skills indesigning, drafting, and revising prose with an examinationof ways of teaching writing and discussions of compositiontheory and practice. Students explore academic writing,journalism, technical writing, and creative nonfiction.Prerequisites: English 105 and one 200-level literaturecourse. Offered each semester.342 Peer Tutoring—Writing Center (1)Peer writing tutors help other students understand theirwriting problems and improve their skills. They work threehours per week on an arranged schedule and are trained,supervised, and evaluated by the Director of the WritingCenter. Prerequisites: junior status, B or above in ENG105, recommendation of an English faculty member andconsent of the Writing Center director. Offered eachsemester.344 Practicum in Teaching English (2)Selected students work closely with faculty members inthe teaching of ENG 105 and other courses. Students gainexperience in the various aspects of teaching grammar,composition, and literature. Prerequisite: consent. Offeredon demand.346, 347 Shakespeare I and II (3, 3) WA study of the principal works of Shakespeare. The firstpart of the course concentrates on plays in which love,femininity and the family are particularly important, whilethose of the second emphasize history, masculinity and thestate. Either course can satisfy the English or theatrerequirement. Prerequisite: sophomore status or consent.With prior consent may fulfill the sophomore literaturerequirement. Identical to TH 346-347. Shakespeare Ioffered each fall; Shakespeare II offered each spring.350 Renaissance DramaExclusive of Shakespeare (3)WA study of the major plays from what would beEngland’s finest period of drama, even withoutShakespeare. Among the kinds of plays are heroic history,humours comedy, domestic melodrama, and revengetragedy; the authors include such major figures as Marlowe,Jonson, and Webster. Prerequisite: junior status or consent.Offered spring of odd-numbered years.

90 ENGLISH355 Restoration to Revolution:British Literature, 1660-1789 (3)WA chronological and thematic survey of BritishRestoration and 18th century writing. Major figures, suchas Dryden, Swift, Pope, Defoe, Richardson, Fielding, andJohnson, are studied alongside important women writers,including Behn, Cavendish, Astell, Haywood, Lennox,Fielding, and Burney. Setting literary texts into theirhistorical contexts, focus is given to genre, print culture,natural philosophy, empire, nationalism, and theemergence of a polite, commercial society. Prerequisite:English 105 with a grade of C or better. Offeredintermittently.357 British Romanticism: 1784-1832 (3) WExplores British Romanticism as a literary movement ofthe years 1784-1832, and situates writers and their writingin relation to issues of industrial transformation, slaveryand abolition, the rights of man and woman, revolution,and the condition of the working classes. Prerequisite: ENG105 with a grade of C or better. Offered fall of oddnumberedyears.361 American Women Writers (3)See description under ENG 261. Taught at the sametime as ENG 261 but with increased reading and writingrequirements. Prerequisite: junior status or consent.Offered intermittently.365 Modernism (3) WExplores literature and culture between 1895 and 1939,a period which saw unprecedented international exchangeamong artists as well as unprecedented experimentation inartistic styles. Students examine exemplary works byBritish, American and Continental authors in the contextof such historical pressures as the waning of Britishimperialism; fears about racial and cultural degeneration;shifts in women’s roles and in understanding of sexuality;the rise of a scientific-medical world view; the expansion ofconsumer capitalism; and the first world war. Pays specialattention to how competing styles indicate varying attitudestoward the proper function of art in the modern age.Prerequisite: sophomore literature course or consent.Offered fall of even-numbered years.367 Ulysses on the Elizabeth (3)(Winter Session)An in-depth study of Irish writer James Joyce’s celebrated,challenging 1922 novel Ulysses. We examine howthis modern epic of one day in the life of Dublin stretchesfrom such quotidian moments as protagonist LeopoldBloom’s appreciation of fried kidneys to the much grandersubjects of Ireland under the yoke of British rule and thehuman condition under modernity. As we work to makesense of the novel’s complex and rambunctious stylistics, wealso use this portrait of the city on the river Liffey toconsider how the settings and habits of our own everydaylives expose the character of Norfolk, the city on the riverElizabeth. We aid our understanding by visiting local sitesand attempting to capture the character of our place andtime in our experimental prose. Prerequisite: sophomoreliterature course or consent. Offered in selected WinterSessions.371 Southern Literature (3)See description under ENG 271. Taught at the sametime as ENG 271 but with increased reading and writingrequirements. Prerequisite: junior status or consent.Offered intermittently.378 The American Novel (3)A study of the development of the American novel fromthe mid-19th century to the present day. Along withattention to historical context and theories of the novel, thecourse focuses in detail on a range of novels which includesAmerican classics as well as lesser-known works.Prerequisite: any sophomore literature course or consent.Offered spring of odd-numbered years.383 Banned Books and theLaw in American History (3)(Winter Session)(H)Interdisciplinary reading and discussion seminarintensively exploring book banning and censorship in U.S.history, with a focus on literature, law, aesthetics, and sociopoliticalcontext. In addition to reading and evaluatingsignificant literary works banned for a variety of reasonsover time, this seminar studies and dissects the legal battlesthat created, supported, and ended censorship, the shiftingnature of free expression, the definitions of obscenity andhigh art, and the political response to literature. Offered inselected Winter Sessions.385 American Protest Literature (3)The U.S. was founded on political protest and hastraditionally used literature as a vehicle for conveying socialbeliefs. Defined most simply as visual and/or writtenresponses to social oppression, protest literature is producednot for art’s sake, but to improve the lives of a particularcommunity’s members. The diverse tradition of Americanprotest literature, focusing in particular on texts respondingto racial, gender-based, and class-based oppressions, iscovered. Discussions focus on the aesthetic and literarytraditions of each text as well as its historical and culturalcontexts. Prerequisites: ENG 105 with a grade of C orbetter and either sophomore status or consent. Offered fallof odd-numbered years.398 Advanced Writing Workshop:Poetry (3)WAn advanced-level workshop in the writing of poetry,with discussions in class of student writing as well as thestudy of well-known poems. Students write free versepoems but are also challenged to write in traditional forms.Work produced during the course is considered forpublication in the Outlet, VWC’s literary magazine. May berepeated twice for credit. Pass/fail grading. Prerequisites:ENG 105, a 200-level literature class, and junior status or

ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES91consent. Non-majors welcome. Does not fulfill GeneralStudies sophomore literature requirement. Offered eachspring.399 Advanced Writing Workshop:Fiction (3)An advanced-level workshop in the writing of fiction,with class discussions of student work as well as the work ofestablished writers. Students work on a longer story or asection of a novel. Work produced during the course isconsidered for publication in VWC’s literary magazine.Pass/fail grading. Prerequisites: ENG 299 or consent.Does not fulfill General Studies sophomore literaturerequirement. Offered spring of odd-numbered years.410 Environmental Writings (3) (I) WIdentical to ENVS 410.440 Topics in Earlier British Literature (3)An in-depth study of some aspect of British literaturebefore the 19th century. May be repeated for credit as thetopic varies. Prerequisite: any sophomore literature course.Offered intermittently.441 Topics in Later British Literature (3) WAn in-depth study of some aspect of British literaturesince the beginning of the 19th century. May be repeatedfor credit as the topic varies. Prerequisite: any sophomoreliterature course. Offered intermittently.442 Topics in American Literature (3)An in-depth study of some aspect of Americanliterature. May be repeated for credit as the topic varies.Prerequisite: any sophomore literature course. Offeredintermittently.472 Senior Seminar (3) (I) WAn in-depth study of some aspect of literature orliterary theory. This course is an S.I.E., so the topic and itstreatment will have a strong interdisciplinary component.May be repeated as the topic varies. Prerequisite: juniorstatus or consent. Offered intermittently.483 English Internship (3)Prerequisites: 18 hours of English and at least oneadvanced writing course, or consent. Offered each semester.ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIESDR. WILLIAM A. GIBSONDR. J. CHRISTOPHER HALEYDR. LAWRENCE D. HULTGREN, Program CoordinatorDR. MAYNARD H. SCHAUS, Program CoordinatorCitizens of the 21st century need a truly broad foundationto deal with the complexities of current environmentalissues. Environmental Studies is the interdisciplinary majorthat draws on the diverse perspectives of the liberal artstradition to provide such a foundation. The programintegrates frames of references from the natural and socialsciences and the humanities in order to understand theinterrelationships between science, society, technology,culture, and nature. This major recognizes the urgency ofan interdisciplinary approach to solving problems such asresource depletion, overpopulation, habitat loss,environmental degradation, pollution, and ultimately theloss of biodiversity. It is hoped that this program willengender a critical understanding of the interdependenciesof all life and the necessity of moving human society towardsustainability.Major RequirementsCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLESEM.HRS.One of the following:BIO 110General BotanyBIO 111 4General ZoologyBIO 207Environmental BiologyOne of the following:EES 124/125Evolution of the Earth/LabEES 130/131 4Physical Geology/LabEES 132/133Environmental Geology/LabOne of the following:BIO 110General BotanyBIO 111General ZoologyBIO 150Introduction to Marine BiologyBIO 207Environmental BiologyBIO 250Field Experiences in BiologyBIO 285Plants and ManCHEM 105Basic Concepts in Chemistry3-4CHEM 117College Chemistry IEES 124Evolution of the EarthEES 130Physical GeologyEES 132Environmental GeologyEES 200OceanographyEES 210MeterologySee continuation of choices next page

92 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIESChart continued from previous pageEES 250Field Experiences in Earth andEnvironmental ScienceGEOG 111Physical GeographyMATH 106StatisticsOne of the following:PHIL 101Individual and SocietyPHIL 102Contemporary Moral IssuesPHIL 211Images of “Man” 3PHIL 212Types of Ethical TheoryRELST 113Introduction to Religious StudiesRELST 116World ReligionsOne of the following:GEOG 112Cultural GeographyPOLS 111Introduction to Political SciencePOLS 210Introduction to International RelationsREC 224 3Outdoor Recreation & EducationSOC 100Introduction to SociologySOC 110Cultural AnthropologySOC 222Social InstitutionsMBE 2013Introduction to MacroeconomicsMBE 2023Introduction to MicroeconomicsPHIL/ENVS 3043Environmental EthicsPOLS /ENVS 3233Public Policy AnalysisENVS 4003Environmental WritingsTwo of the following:BIO 316General EcologyBIO 355Marine BiologyBIO 375Topics in Tropical BiologyBIO 445LimnologyBIO/CHEM/EES 489Research in the Natural Sciences6-9EES 320Energy and the EnvironmentEES 330Geology of the AppalachiansEES 400Watershed HydrologyEES/CHEM 450Global Environmental CyclesINST/EES 300Introduction to GeographicInformation SystemsTwo of the following:INST 420The American WildernessINST 470Developments in Science and Technology 6PHIL 372Beyond the Western TraditionPHIL 402Thinking about TechnologyPOLS 434Public AdministrationPOLS 373Conflict ManagementPSY 445EcopsychologyRELST 320Science and ReligionENVS 480Seminar in EnvironmentalStudiesOR1EES 480Seminar in Earth andEnvironmental SciencesMinor RequirementsTOTAL 45-49COURSE NUMBER AND TITLE(See p. 31 for general minor requirements)One of the following:BIO 207Environmental BiologyBIO 250Field Experiences in BiologyEES 132/133Environmental Geology/LabEES 250Field Experiences in Earthand Environmental SciencesOne of the following:GEOG 112Cultural GeographySEM.HRS.3-4See continuation of choices next page

ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES93Chart continued from previous pageMBE 201Introduction to MacroeconomicsMBE 202Introduction to MicroeconomicsPHIL 101 3Individual and SocietyPHIL 102Contemporary Moral IssuesPHIL 211Images of “Man”PHIL 212Types of Ethical TheoryPOLS 111Politics and LiteraturePOLS 210Introduction to International RelationsRELST 113Introduction to Religious StudiesRELST 116World ReligionsREC 224Outdoor Recreation and EducationSOC 100Introduction to SociologySOC 110Cultural AnthropologySOC 222Social InstitutionsPHIL/ENVS 304Environmental EthicsOR3ENVS 400Environmental WritingsPOLS/ENVS 3233Public Policy AnalysisOne of the following:BIO 316General EcologyBIO 355Introduction to Marine BiologyBIO 445LimnologyEES 3203-4Energy and the EnvironmentEES 400Watershed HydrologyEES/CHEM 450Global Environmental CyclesINST/EES 300Introduction to GeographicInformation SystemsOne of the following:INST 420The American WildernessINST 470Developments in Science and TechnologyPHIL 372Beyond the Western TraditionPHIL 402Thinking about Technology 3POLS 343Public AdministrationPOLS 373Conflict ManagementPSY 445EcopsychologyRELST 320Science and ReligionTOTAL 18-20ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIESCOURSES (ENVS)106 Humans and the Environment (3) (E)(Winter Session)Deals with environmental problems that confrontcontemporary society. Basic ecological principles which arepertinent to current environmental issues are emphasized.Designed for non-science majors. Offered in selectedWinter Sessions.304 Environmental Ethics (3) (V)Identical to PHIL 304.323 Topics in Public Policy Analysis (3) (S) WIdentical to POLS 323.326 Environmental Policy Analysis (3) (S) WIdentical to POLS 326.410 Environmental Writings (3) (I) WA study of many of the important environmentalwritings and how they have shaped our understanding ofthe relationship between humans and nature. Identical toENG 410. Prerequisite: senior/junior status. Offered springof odd-numbered years.470 Internship in Environmental Studies (3)An intensive study of the environment through on-sitefield experience. Placements involve hands-on experiencesin the environmental field, such as education, grassrootsactivism, public policy, and habitat management. Studentsare expected to devote a minimum of at least 120 hours forthree semester hours, but some placements may requiremore time. Students must coordinate their internshipplacement with the supervising faculty member at least twomonths prior to placement. Pass/fail grading. Prerequisites:junior/senior status and consent. Offered each semester.480 Seminar in Environmental Studies (1)An advanced seminar on various announced topics inenvironmental studies. Topics may include, but are notlimited to: ethics and the environment; conservation ofbiodiversity; risk assessment; urban planning; habitatmitigation; environmental monitoring; environmental

94 FOREIGN LANGUAGES AND LITERATURESpolicy; and sustainable development. May be repeated forcredit as topics change. Prerequisite: junior/senior statusand consent. Offered spring of even-numbered years.FIRST-YEAR EXPERIENCEDR. LISA P. CARSTENS, CoordinatorA liberal arts education combats ignorance, narrowmindedness,and shortsightedness by promotingintellectual inquiry and compassionate judgment. Suchcritical inquiry involves asking and exploring complexquestions for which no easy answers exist—questions suchas, how do we address community energy needs withoutdoing environmental harm? What constitutes a “just war?”What’s the difference between art and propaganda? Liberaleducation demands that students explore such questionsfrom multiple perspectives and through a rigorousconsideration of historical, cultural, and ethical contexts,using careful reasoning to make judicious choices.An education founded on inquiry, then, is one thatemphasizes learning processes rather than pre-conceivedanswers.The First-Year Experience at Virginia Wesleyan initiatesstudents into this community of learners.Through summer and then fall orientation programs,students learn the ropes of residential and campus life andare introduced to Virginia Wesleyan’s educationalprograms. Through the two-credit first-semester First-YearSeminar course, students work closely with a facultymember, peer advisers, and a small cohort of other newstudents to build the independent critical thinking skillsand academic resourcefulness that will enable deeperlearning throughout their college years.FIRST-YEAR EXPERIENCECOURSES (FYE)101 First-Year Seminar (2)Designed to help students engage and succeed bothacademically and socially in Virginia Wesleyan’s liberal artslearning community. In the process of investigating acomplex problem or question, students develop foundationalinquiry skills that emphasize critical thinking andindependent learning. Through diverse co-curricularworkshops, events, and activities, students gain additionalacademic as well as personal resourcefulness. Topics vary byyear and section. Prerequisite: fewer than 24 semesterhours. Offered primarily in fall semesters.401 Peer Advising (1)A leadership experience allowing experienced studentsto serve as mentors and teaching support for FYE 101.Does not fulfill any requirements for Latin Honors.Prerequisite: sophomore status and consent. Offeredprimarily in fall semesters.FOREIGN LANGUAGESAND LITERATURESDR. ALAIN GABONDR. DIANA E. RISK, Program CoordinatorDR. MAVEL Z. VELASCODR. SUSAN M. WANSINKIn the ever-changing world, where contact with a varietyof languages and peoples is both desirable and inevitable,the Department of Foreign Languages and Literaturesstrongly believes in the teaching of languages in theircontexts as the means to overcome obstacles to interculturaland international contact and communication. Seveneighthsof the world’s people do not speak English.Languages provide the keys for access to these other culturesand countries. At the same time, learning a foreign languagehelps grasp the nature, function, and social importance ofone’s own native tongue. Language learning, therefore,becomes the bridge between the peoples and cultures of theworld. Through language we penetrate from the mind andheart of one people to another, from one civilization toanother, from the wisdom of one literature to that ofanother. By learning a foreign language, students becomefamiliar with the literature, history, philosophy, art, and theeconomic and social conditions of the people who speakthat language. The Department of Foreign Languages andLiteratures strives, by teaching foreign languages in theircultural contexts, to expose students to ways of thinking,different from their own, and to help them become betterprepared to live in today’s multi-linguistic, multi-cultural,and transnational world.Students seeking certification in secondary educationmust fulfill the requirements for a French, German orSpanish major as well as specific courses required by theEducation Department. Those students are stronglyencouraged to take the Practicum Teaching Course. See theeducation section of this catalog.Major Requirements: FrenchCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLEFR 305Advanced Conversation & Composition IFR 306Advanced Conversation & Composition IIFR 313Cultural History I:Charlemagne-Revolution ORFR 315French Literature: La Chansonde Roland to CandideFR 314Cultural History II: 1789-1960 ORFR 316French Literature: Rousseau to GenetSEM.HRS.See continuation of choices next page3333

FOREIGN LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES95Chart continued from previous pageFour of the following:FR 311Explication de Texte IFR 312Explication de Texte IIFR 313Cultural History I:Charlemangne-RevolutionFR 314Cultural History II: 1789-1960 12FR 315French Literature: La Chansonde Roland to CandideFR 316French Literature: Rousseau to GenetFR 327France TodayFR 329The History, Theory, andPractice of French CinemaFR 332The New Theatre in FranceFR 333Commercial FrenchFR 43020th Century Literature:WWI & FreudFR 43120th Century Literature:WWII & ExistentialismFR 443Senior SeminarFR 471Practicum in the Teaching of FrenchMajor Requirements: GermanCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLETOTAL 24SEM.HRS.GER 305Advanced Conversation & Composition I3GER 306Advanced Conversation & Composition II3GER 313Cultural & IntellectualHistory of Germany:from the GermanicTribes-Storm and Stress OR 3GER 315German Literature: Early GermanicTribes to the Age of GeotheGER 314Cultural and IntellectualHistory of Germany: FromRomanticism to the Present OR 3GER 316German Literature: Romanticismto Present DayFour of the following:GER 307Love, Longing and the German RomanticsGER 325The German NovelleGER 326The German NovelGER 329Modern German LiteratureGER 33312Business GermanGER 340German Cinema: Art and PoliticsGER 430The German ComedyGER 443Senior SeminarGER 471Practicum in Teaching of GermanMajor Requirements: SpanishCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLETOTAL 24SPAN 305Advanced Conversation & Composition ISPAN 306Advanced Conversation & Composition IISPAN 311Survey of SpanishLiterature I: SpainORSPAN 317Civilization of SpanishPeoples I: SpainSPAN 312Survey of Spanish Literature II:Latin AmericaORSPAN 318Civilization of Spanish Peoples II:Latin AmericaFour of the following:SPAN 310Post-Franco SpainSPAN 311Survey of Spanish Literature I: SpainSEM.HRS.See continuation of choices next page3333

96 FOREIGN LANGUAGES AND LITERATURESChart continued from previous pageSPAN 312Survey of Spanish Literature II:Latin AmericaSPAN 316Survey of Spanish PoetrySPAN 317Civilization of SpanishPeoples I: SpainSPAN 318: Civilization ofSpanish Peoples II: Latin AmericaSPAN 321Political Writings of Latin America 12SPAN 329Latin America Through the CinemaSPAN 333Commercial SpanishSPAN 344/444Don QuixoteSPAN 350Hispanic American Women WritersSPAN 380Analysis of the Spanish LanguageSPAN 420The Latin American NovelSPAN 422Modern Spanish-American FictionSPAN 443Senior SeminarSPAN 471Practicum in the Teaching of SpanishMajor Requirements:Foreign Languages & LiteraturesCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLEThe requirements for a major in eitherFrench, German, or SpanishThe requirements for a minor in oneof the other two languages212 level in a third foreignlanguage (or proficiency)Minor Requirements: FrenchTOTAL 24SEM.HRS.241812TOTAL 54(If proficient) 42COURSE NUMBER AND TITLE(See p. 31 for general minor requirements)FR 305Advanced Conversation & Composition IFR 306Advanced Conversation & Composition IISEM.HRS.33One of the following:FR 313Cultural History I:Charlemagne-RevolutionFR 314Cultural History II: 1780-1960 3FR 315French Literature: LaChansonde Roland to CandideFR 316French Literature: Rousseau to GenetAdditional courses beyond FR 212 9TOTAL 18A student minoring in French is strongly encouraged tospend a semester in a French-speaking country.Minor Requirements: GermanCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLE(See p. 31 for general minor requirements)SEM.HRS.GER 3053Advanced Conversation & Composition IGER 3063Advanced Conversation & Composition IIOne of the following:GER 313Cultural and Intellectual Historyof Germany: Germanic Tribes-Storm and StressGER 314Cultural and Intellectual Historyof Germany: From Romanticism 3to the PresentGER 315German Literature: Early GermanicTribes to Age of GoetheGER 316German Literature: Romanticismto Present DayThree of the following:GER 307Love, Longing and the German RomanticsGER 325The German NovelleGER 326The German NovelGER 329Modern German LiteratureGER 333Business German 9GER 340German Cinema: Art and PoliticsGER 430The German ComedySee continuation of choices next page

FOREIGN LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES97Chart continued from previous pageGER 443Senior SeminarGER 471Practicum in Teaching of GermanTOTAL 18A student minoring in German is strongly encouragedto spend a semester in a German-speaking country.Minor Requirements: SpanishCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLE(See p. 31 for general minor requirements)SEM.HRS.Two of the following:SPAN 305Advanced Conversation &Composition ISPAN 306 6Advanced Conversation &Composition IISPAN 333Commercial SpanishOne of the following:SPAN 311Survey of Spanish Literature I: SpainSPAN 312Survey of Spanish Literature II: 3Latin AmericaSPAN 318Civilization of Spanish Peoples II:Latin AmericaAdditional courses beyond SPAN 212 9TOTAL 18A student minoring in Spanish is strongly encouragedto spend a semester in a Spanish-speaking country.Junior Semester Abroad (1-18)All students interested in French are stronglyencouraged to spend a semester in France or anotherFrancophone country. Virginia Wesleyan College sponsorsStudy Abroad programs in a variety of French institutionsincluding the Paul Ceyanne University in Aix-en-Provenceand the International Center for French Studies inBurgundy. Students interested in German should spend asemester in Germany, through the Goethe Institut or on theVWC student exchange with Humboldt University.Students interested in Spain or Latin America shouldconsider spending a semester in a Spanish speaking country.The Puebla program is strongly recommended. For furtherinformation on these programs see the Study Abroadsection in this catalog. Up to 18 semester hours in French,German or Spanish can be earned.Every summer, Virginia Wesleyan College sponsors asix-week program in Mayrhofen, Austria or at theUniversity of Madero in Puebla, Mexico. Students will livewith German-, or Spanish-speaking families. Up to sixsemester hours in German, or Spanish can be earned.FRENCH COURSES (FR)111, 112 Elementary French I, II (4, 4) (C)An introduction to French as a spoken and writtenlanguage. Emphasis is placed on the development of oraland written skills as well as on cultural awareness.Prerequisite for FR 111: No previous instruction in French.For FR 112, a grade of C or better in FR 111 or proficiencyas determined by instructor. Five classes each week. Offeredevery year.211 Intermediate French I (3) (C)The logical sequence to FR 111, 112. It continues theinstruction of French as a spoken and written language,emphasizing more advanced grammatical structure, idioms,and review. Extensive oral-aural practice is undertaken inthe daily classroom conversation. Upon successfulcompletion of the course (a grade of C or better), thestudent may take FR 212, or upon recommendation of theinstructor, FR 305. Prerequisite: FR 112 or equivalent.Offered each fall.212 Intermediate French II (3) (C)For the student who has attained the FR 211 oral andwritten proficiency (three college semesters) but who nowdesires to increase his/her fluency in speaking as well aswriting. Extensive oral-aural practice prepares the studentfor upper-level courses as well as travel or study abroad.Prerequisite: FR 211 (with a grade of C or better) orproficiency as determined by the instructor. Offered eachspring.305, 306 Advanced Conversation andComposition I, II (3, 3)(C)For the student who wants to acquire skill in practicalconversation and writing. Open to students who havecompleted FR 212 or equivalent. Strongly recommendedfor those students who either wish to travel abroad or whodesire to take upper-level French literature courses. Eithercourse may be taken first. Prerequisite: FR 212 and consent.Offered every year.311, 312 Explication de Texte I, II (3, 3)Grammatical dissection, structural analysis and literaryinterpretation of French texts. Prerequisite: FR 306 orequivalent. Offered on demand.313 Cultural History I:Vercingétorix-Revolution (3)(H)Gives the student a well-rounded knowledge of France,her people, history, philosophy, literature, and arts.Prerequisite: FR 306 or consent. Offered alternate years.

98 FOREIGN LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES314 Cultural History II: 1789-1960 (3) (H)Same orientation as FR 313, with topics selected fromthe period of the French Revolution to the present.Prerequisite: FR 306 or consent. Offered alternate years.315 French Literature: La Chansonde Roland to Candide (3)The development of French literature from its medievalorigins to modern times. Introduction to such movementsas the Renaissance, Classicism, and Rationalism. Prerequisite:FR 306 or equivalent. Offered alternate years.316 French Literature: Rousseau to Genet (3)The development of French literature from the Revolutionto modern times. Introduction to such movementsas Romanticism, Realism, Naturalism, and Symbolism.Prerequisite: FR 306 or equivalent. Offered alternate years.325, 326 The French Novel I, II (3, 3)Representative novels of French literature from the 17thcentury to the present. Readings from Mme. de LaFayette,Prevost, Laclos, Constant, Chateaubriand, Balzac,Stendhal, Flaubert, Zola, Proust, Gide, Malraux, Celine,Sartre, and Camus. Discussions in English. Prerequisite: FR306 or reading knowledge of French. Offered on demand.327 France Today (3)An examination of post-war France with an emphasis onFrance after May, 1968. It treats the social, political, andeconomic aspects of contemporary culture but also coversartistic production and the patterns, structures, andmutations of everyday life as well as the lifestyles, values,and worldviews of the French today. Prerequisite: FR 306or consent. Offered on demand.329 The History,Theory, andPractice of French Cinema (3)(A)An introduction to the history, criticism, and theory ofFrench film making from its origins at the turn of the 20thcentury to the present day. We begin with a brief “ecohistory”of the French film industry and then trace thevarious movements or schools, styles, and trends in Frenchcinema and the major directors and films associated withthem. “Primitive cinema,” the avant-garde, poetic realism,the New Wave, the political cinema of the 60s and 70s, the“heritage films,” postcolonial cinema, films by ethnicminorities, and postmodern thrillers are examined. Thefilms discussed, which include masterpieces and landmarksof the French film canon as well as popular classics andimportant contemporary films, are explored in terms ofgenres, styles, and historical/social periods, definitions ofnational cinema, ideology, and ethnic and gender issues.Prerequisite: FR 306 or consent.333 Commercial French (3)An introduction to the language used in businesspracticed in France or Quebec. The course covers businessvocabulary, economic geography, government requirements,letter writing, accounting, etc. Prerequisite: FR 212 orequivalent. Offered on demand.400 French Cinema (3)(Winter Session)Introduces students to the history, theory, and practiceof French filmmaking from its origins at the turn of the20th century to the present day. We begin with a brief“ecohistory” of the French film industry and trace thevarious movements, schools and trends in French cinemaand the major directors associated with them. The avantgarde,poetic realism, the New Wave, political cinema, newtypes of heritage films, postcolonial cinema, postmodernthrillers, and the cinema of ethnic minorities are examined.The films discussed, which include masterpieces andlandmarks of the French film canon as well as popularclassics and important contemporary films, are explored interms of genres, styles, and historical/social periods,definitions of national cinema, ideology, and ethnic andgender issues. Offered in selected Winter Sessions.443 Senior Seminar (3) (I) WEach student studies not only the life and work of amajor writer but also is responsible for the century, itshistory, literature and philosophical trends. Prerequisite: FR314 or 316, or consent. Offered on demand.471 Practicum in the Teaching of French (3)Students study in a workshop setting the teaching ofgrammar, of writing, and of speaking French. Students alsoserve as assistants and tutors in FR 111, 112 and 211.Prerequisites: FR 306 or must be capable of using theFrench language effectively and consent. Offered every year.GERMAN (GER)111, 112 Elementary German I, II (4, 4) (C)An introduction to the German language and culture.Special attention is given to cultural aspects. Emphasis isplaced on the development of basic listening, speaking,reading and writing skills. Audiovisual materialssupplement the program. Prerequisite for GER 111: noprevious instruction in German. For GER 112: a grade of Cor better in GER 111 or proficiency as determined byinstructor. Five class and laboratory periods each week.Offered every year.205 The Short Prose of Kafka (3) (V) W(Winter Session)Focuses on the short prose of Franz Kafka and itsrelevance in both literature and film today. Students searchfor common themes and interpretation in selected works.Taught in English. Offered in selected Winter Sessions.211 Intermediate German I (3) (C)Continues the instruction of German as a spoken andwritten language. Extensive oral-aural practice isundertaken in the daily classroom conversation andprepares the student for travel or study abroad. Requiredlab. Prerequisite: GER 112 or equivalent. Offered each fall.

FOREIGN LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES99212 Intermediate German II (3) (C)For the student who has attained the GER 211 oral andwritten proficiency (three college semesters) but who nowdesires to increase his/her fluency in speaking as well aswriting. Extensive oral-aural practice prepares the studentfor upper-level courses as well as travel or study abroad.Required lab. Prerequisite: GER 211 (with a grade of C orbetter) or proficiency as determined by the instructor.Offered each spring.240/340 German Cinema:Art and Politics (3)(A) WFrom early silent films, through the time of Hitler, tothe present, German cinema has reflected the challengesand tensions involved when art is shaped by politics. Bylooking at German film in general—and at the Weimar andNew German Cinema in particular—this course focuses onthe aesthetics, history, and politics of German cinema.(Taught in English. Movies will be screened outside ofclass.) Identical to POLS 240/340.244 German Women Filmmakers:The Search for Identity (3)(A) W(Winter Session)Introduces students to leading German womenfilmmakers and their contributions. Since 1968 there hasbeen a marked shift in German film. Students focus in parton those German women filmmakers whose works haveshaped filmic innovation and perceptions of women, andspecifically on how issues of identity—national, religious,and gender—have been represented by such directors asDoris Dörrie (Men), Caroline Link (Nowhere in Africa),and Margarethe von Trotta (Rosenstrasse). Taught inEnglish. Offered in selected Winter Sessions.305, 306 Advanced Conversation &Composition I, II (3, 3)(C) WFor the student who wants to acquire skill in practicalconversation and writing. Strongly recommended for thosestudents who either wish to travel abroad or who desire totake upper-level German literature courses. Prerequisite:GER 212 or equivalent.313 Cultural & Intellectual History of GermanyFrom the Germanic Tribes toStorm & Stress (3)(H)Gives the student a well-rounded knowledge of Germany,its people, history, philosophy, literature, and artsfrom the times of Germanic tribes to the times of stormand stress. Prerequisite: GER 306 or consent. Offered ondemand.314 Cultural & Intellectual History of Germany:From Romanticism to the Present (3) (H)Same orientation as GER 313 with topics selected fromthe period of Romanticism to the present. Prerequisite:GER 306 or consent. Offered on demand.315 German Literature: Early GermanicTimes to Age of Goethe (3)Provides an overview of literary history in the pertinenttime period in terms of movements, genres, authors, etc.,against the background of German life as a whole.Prerequisite: GER 306 or equivalent. Offered on demand.316 German Literature: Romanticism toPresent Day (3)Same orientation as GER 315. Prerequisite: GER 306 orequivalent. Offered on demand.325 The German Novelle (3)The development of the German Novelle. Readingsfrom Goethe, Storm A. von Droste-Hülshoff, Kleist,Hauptmann, Keller, Mann and Hugo von Hofmannsthal.Prerequisite: GER 306 or equivalent. Offered on demand.326 The German Novel (3)The development of the German Novel. Readings fromGoethe, Novalis, Eichendorff, Stifter, Fontane, ThomasMann, Kafka, Döblin, Böll, and Wolf.329 Modern German Literature (3)A careful reading and discussion of 20th centuryGerman plays, novels and short stories with an emphasis oncontemporary works. Representative authors such asChrista Wolf, Martin Walser, Max Frisch, ChristineBrückner, Günther Grass and Heinrich Böll. Prerequisite:GER 306 or equivalent. Identical to ENG 329. Offered ondemand.333 Business German (3)Introduces students to the “business language” necessaryfor working in the business world in Germany. An emphasisis given to cultural aspects of the German business world.Prerequisite: GER 305 or 306, or consent. Offered ondemand.430 The German Comedy (3)A history and study of the German comedy.Representative readings from Lessing, Kleist, Tieck,Grabbe, Hauptmann, and Sternheim. Prerequisite: GER306 or equivalent. Offered on demand.443 Senior Seminar (3)Each student studies the life and work of a major writer,and is responsible for learning about the intellectual climatein which the author wrote, i.e., the history, literature andphilosophical trends of the era. Prerequisite: GER 314 or316 or consent. Offered on demand.471 Practicum in the Teaching of German (3)Students study in a workshop setting the teaching ofgrammar, of writing, and of speaking German. Studentsalso serve as assistants and tutors in GER 111, 112, and 211.Prerequisites: GER 306 or must be capable of usingthe German language effectively and consent. Offeredevery year.

100 FOREIGN LANGUAGES AND LITERATURESJAPANESE COURSES (JAPN)101, 102 Introduction to Japanese Language& Culture I, II (3, 3)An introduction to Japanese language and culture forbusiness and travel. Students learn basic spoken and writtenJapanese. Emphasis is placed on the language and cultureneeded to feel comfortable in Japan. Offered on demand.LATIN COURSES (LATN)(See Classics for Latin Major)Note: Unless students take Latin courses consecutively,they may not be able to fulfill the language requirement ontime.111, 112 Elementary Latin I, II (4, 4)Introduces the elements of the language of the AncientRomans: vocabulary, syntax, and grammar. Students learnhow to translate sentences and short stories. The courseconcentrates on translation and reading skills rather thanspeaking/listening skills. Prerequisite for LATN 111: noprevious instruction in Latin; for LATN 112: LATN 111.Offered every year.211, 212 Intermediate Latin I, II (3, 3)Each semester focuses on a single text, such as thepoems of Catullus or one of Cicero’s speeches. The primarygoal is to gain facility in reading Latin, but the course alsointroduces students to Ancient Roman literary aestheticsand culture. The course concentrates on translation andreading skills rather than speaking/listening skills.Prerequisite: LATN 112. Offered every year.305 Topics in Latin Prose (3)An in-depth exploration of one Latin prose author.Extensive readings in the original Latin, complemented bywide readings from the author’s entire corpus in Englishtranslation. Additional work from primary sources andcurrent scholarship place the author’s writings into broaderhistorical and cultural contexts. May be repeated for creditas the topic varies. Possible topics include: Caesar, Cicero,Livy, Petronius, Tacitus. Prerequisite: LATN 212 orplacement. Offered each fall.306 Topics in Latin Poetry (3)An in-depth exploration of one Latin poet. Extensivereadings in the original Latin, complemented by widereadings from the author’s entire corpus in Englishtranslation. Additional work from primary sources andcurrent scholarship place the author’s writings into broaderhistorical and cultural contexts. May be repeated for creditas the topic varies. Possible topics include: Catullus,Horace, Ovid, Plautus, Virgil. Prerequisite: LATN 212 orplacement. LATN 305 is not required for enrollment inLATN 306. Offered each spring.471 Practicum in the Teaching of Latin (3)A workshop setting introducing advanced students ofLatin to current teaching methods in Latin language.Students serve as assistants in Elementary Latin whilemeeting regularly with the instructor to gain hands-onexperience in the practical aspects of teaching Latin.Ordinarily taken in the semester prior to EDUC 445/446.Prerequisite: LATN 305 or 306 and consent. Offered ondemand.SPANISH COURSES (SPAN)100, 200, 300 Spanish Study Abroad (1-6)Students study Spanish and live with Mexican familiesin a beautiful historically rich city during a three-week stayin Puebla, Mexico. Students attend classes daily from 9:00a.m. to noon and then return to their families for meals,excursions, and activities. Visits to all sites of culturalinterest in and around Puebla, as well as weekendexcursions to Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Tlaxcala are provided.This is an opportunity for total immersion in the Spanishlanguage, culture, and life. Prerequisites: None for SPAN100; SPAN 112 for SPAN 200, SPAN 212 (proficiency) forSPAN 300. Offered each summer.104, 105 Beginning Spanish for theAdult Learner I, II (4, 4)(C)Designed for students in the Adult Studies Program.Prerequisite: admission to the Adult Studies Program.Prerequisite for SPAN 104: no previous instruction inSpanish; for SPAN 105; a grade of C or better in SPAN104 or proficiency as determined by instructor. Offeredevery year.111, 112 Elementary Spanish I, II (4, 4) (C)An introduction to Spanish as a spoken and writtenlanguage. Emphasis is placed on the communication ofideas and the development of oral and readingcomprehension. Prerequisite for SPAN 111: no previousinstruction in Spanish; for SPAN 112: a grade of C orbetter in SPAN 111 or proficiency as determined byinstructor. Five class and laboratory periods each week.Offered every year.210 Hispanic Myths and Rituals (3) (S)(Winter Session)Consists of a diverse set of topics on Latin America andSpanish history and culture that, when studied together,give a more profound view of Hispanic culture. Theintensive experience of a daily course and a trip to a countryor region of the world with strong Hispanic roots offerstudents the opportunity to witness first hand theuniqueness of that culture and achieve a more unified andaccurate view of the whole Hispanic Heritage. Traveldestinations to Spain and South America vary. Offered inselected Winter Sessions.211 Intermediate Spanish I (3) (C)Intensive vocabulary development and grammar review.Readings of contemporary and literary materials are used asa basis for the development of conversational and writing

FOREIGN LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES101skills. Upon successful completion of the course (a grade ofC or better), the student may take SPAN 212. Prerequisite:SPAN 112 or equivalent. Required lab. Offered each fall.212 Intermediate Spanish II (3) (C)For the student who has attained the SPAN 211 oral andwritten proficiency (three college semesters). Extensiveoral-aural practice prepares the student for upper-levelcourses as well as travel or study abroad. Required lab.Prerequisite: SPAN 211 (with a grade of C or better) orproficiency as determined by the instructor. Offered eachspring.213 Modern Mexico (3)(Winter Session)A travel course focusing on contemporary Mexicanculture. The class will visit museums and important culturalsites in order to examine Mexico’s main ancient civilizationsand the most representative periods of its history.Complementary selected literary readings and filmsillustrate relative issues defining Modern Mexico. Studentsgain an insight into the idiosyncrasies of this nation’speoples based on a close examination of ancient andmodern religious beliefs and rituals, social attitudes, andideological tendencies reflecting the values of mostMexicans today. Offered in selected Winter Sessions.220/320 Comparative Politics:Latin America (3)Identical to POLS 220/320.265 U.S. Latino Culture (3)Studies the Latino phenomenon in the U.S. as peculiarto a diaspora strongly united by language and adherence toa common cultural legacy. Emphasis is given to social issuessuch as labor, health, and education, as well as to theunderstanding of diversity within the Latino community,the acculturation process, and the overall impact ofthe Latino minority in U.S. society today. Taught inEnglish, primarily for the Adult Studies Program. Offeredon demand.270 Latin American Music and Dance (3) (A)(Winter Session)Covers the history of dance beginning in ancientEurope and the Middle East and ends with the history ofdance in Latin America, particularly that of thedevelopment of dance in the Hispanic society, and it alsostudies the importance of Latin music and dance in LatinAmerica and the U.S. In the practical portion of this coursestudents have the opportunity to learn a variety of Latindances such as salsa, merengue, and bachata, which havebecome very popular in contemporary American society.This course is taught in English and does not fulfill theForeign Language requirement. Offered in selected WinterSessions.305 Advanced Conversation &Composition I (3)(C)Gives emphasis to reading for comprehension and thearticulation of ideas in Spanish. It is also an introduction toSpanish Civilization and Culture through the readings anddiscussion of selections on this subject. Prerequisite: SPAN212 and consent. Offered every year.306 Advanced Conversation &Composition II (3)(C)An introduction to Spanish literature through theanalysis of carefully chosen short stories written by modernLatin American and Peninsular writers. This course givesemphasis to writing and speaking skills in Spanish andprepares the student for upper-level Spanish literature andcivilization courses. Prerequisite: SPAN 305 or consent.Offered every year.310 Post-Franco Spain (3)Examines Spain’s transition to democracy after the endof Franco’s regime in 1975. Discussion and analysis ofcontemporary authors like Antonio Munoz Molina, RosaMontero, Paloma Diaz-Mas, Eduardo Mendoza, ManuelVazquez Montalban, and Arturo Perez Reverte illustratevarious aspects of Spain’s postmodern revolution. Thisstudy of Spain’s modernization process includes discussionof some relevant films by contemporary directors such asPedro Almodovar, Carlos Saura, and Luis Berlanga.Intended for Spanish majors and minors. Prerequisite:SPAN 306 or consent. Offered intermittently.311 Survey of Spanish Literature I: Spain (3)The most important works of Spanish prose and poetryfrom the end of the Middle Ages to the present are studiedagainst the cultural background. This course offers anintroduction to Spanish civilization as well as Spanishliterature. Prerequisite: SPAN 306 or consent. Offeredalternate years or on demand.312 Survey of Spanish Literature II:Latin America (3)The most important works of Spanish American prose,poetry and essay from the Conquest to the present arestudied against the cultural background. This course offersan introduction to Latin American civilization as well asLatin American literature. Prerequisite: SPAN 306 orconsent. Offered alternate years or on demand.316 Survey of Spanish Poetry (3)A survey of the major types of Peninsular Spanish poetryfrom El Cid to the present. Prerequisite: SPAN 212.Offered on demand.317 Civilization of Spanish Peoples I: Spain (3)Provides the opportunity to learn about Spain, itspeoples and civilization through the study of its history andsome major works of literature, art and music. Ideaspresented in class are reinforced through films andPowerPoint presentations. Prerequisite: SPAN 306 orconsent. Offered alternate years.

102 FOREIGN LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES318 Civilization of Spanish Peoples II:Latin America (3)Provides the opportunity to learn about the LatinAmerican countries, their people and their civilizationsthrough the study of major works of literature, art andmusic. Ideas presented in class are reinforced through films,slide presentations and guest speakers. Prerequisite: SPAN306 or consent. Offered alternate years.321 Political Writings of Latin America (3)Readings of the political writings of selected LatinAmerican thinkers. Relationship of political writings tocontemporary culture, society and government of LatinAmerica. Readings in Spanish language. Also cross-listed asPOLS 321 in which case readings and writing are done inEnglish. Offered each fall.329 Latin America through the Cinema (3)Analyzes a selection of Latin American feature films anddocumentaries in order to understand the political, social,and economic conditions that characterize this region.Students also explore the constitution of national identities,questions of ideology, class, race, ethnicity and gender. Inaddition, we address the conditions of film production inlight of globalization and Hollywood’s competition and useof film as a tool for social change. Films will be screenedoutside of class. Prerequisite: SPAN 306 or consent.Offered intermittently.333 Commercial Spanish (3)Designed for students and professionals who wish tolearn Spanish for use in a practical business context.Prerequisite: SPAN 212 or equivalent or consent.344/444 Don Quixote (3)An intensive study of what is generally considered thefirst and greatest of western novels. Attention is given to thelife of Cervantes, the society and the culture of the times inwhich this work was written and its impact on the literarytradition of the Hispanic world. Prerequisite: SPAN 306.Offered on demand.350 Hispanic American Women Writers (3)An overview of the history of Hispanic Americanwomen writers from the Colonial period to the present. Itincludes an analysis of key economic, social, and politicalconditions in the development of their writing. Poetry,short story and the novel will be included. Prerequisite:SPAN 306 or consent. Offered fall of odd-numbered years.360 The Latin American Short Story (3)The Latin American short story is one of the richestmanifestations of contemporary Latin American narrative.Students study its evolution from the origins to the presenttime paying close attention to the principal literary, socialand political movements that produced those stories:Romanticism, Realism, Naturalism, Regionalism,Existentialism, the Boom, the post-Boom and Feminism,among others. Prerequisite: SPAN 306 or consent.365 U.S. Latino Culture (3) (S)Studies the Latino phenomenon in the U.S. as peculiarto a diaspora strongly united by language and adherence toa common cultural legacy. We examine the circumstancescausing the migration of specific groups entering the U.S.Emphasis is given to social issues such as labor, health, andeducation, as well as to the understanding of diversitywithin the Latino community, the acculturation process,and the overall impact of the Latino minority in U.S.society today. Prerequisite: fluency in Spanish at the 300level or consent. Offered fall of even-numbered years.380 Analysis of the Spanish Language (3)Provides students with the opportunity to improve theirlinguistic abilities in Spanish, develop a greater awareness ofthe process of learning another language, and also expandtheir knowledge of the many facets of the Spanish language.A background is provided of issues and concepts of secondlanguage acquisition, particularly those of the Englishspeakinglearners of Spanish. Prerequisite: SPAN 306 orconsent.420 The Latin American Novel (3)A study of the development of the Latin American novelbeginning with the 19th century to the present. Theme,form, style, and technique along with the historical andsocial context are studied. Latin American women asauthors and as characters are an important aspect of thiscourse. Prerequisite: SPAN 306 or consent. Offered springof even-numbered years.422 Modern Spanish-American Fiction (3)Analytical reading of selected works by such authors asBorges, Cortázar, Garcia, Märquez, Allende, and Rulfo.Such aspects as theme, form, style, and technique of thenovel and story are studied. Prerequisite: SPAN 306 orconsent. Offered on demand.443 Senior Seminar (3) (I) WIntensive study of selected topics in Spanish andSpanish-American literature. Intended to integrate theknowledge of history, philosophy and political science withthe analysis of literary works. Prerequisite: Two semesters ofthe following: SPAN 311, 312, 317 and 318. Offeredalternate years or on demand.471 Practicum in the Teaching of Spanish (3)A workshop setting in the teaching of grammar, writing,and speaking Spanish. The student will also be an assistantand tutor in SPAN 111, 112, and 211. Prerequisites: SPAN306 or must be capable of using the Spanish languageeffectively and consent. Recommended for students in theeducation track. Offered every year.

HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES103FRENCH(See Foreign Languages and Literatures)GERMAN(See Foreign Languages and Literatures)GEOGRAPHYGEOGRAPHY COURSES (GEOG)111 Physical Geography (3) (E)A study of the physical earth with an emphasis on theprocess of planetary composition, planetary motion, theatmosphere, water, plate tectonics, glaciers, landforms andother major areas. Environmental issues provideapplications to current events and conditions. Basiclocation identification serves as a foundation for atlas andgeneral thematic map usage. Offered each semester.112 Cultural Geography (3) (S)The study of how geography affects culture and howculture affects geography. This course is regional in itsapproach and explores the reciprocal relationship of theearth and its inhabitants and how they impact upon eachother. Urban, cultural, medical, historical and economicthemes provide the focus for regional applications. Basicmap skills and location identification serve as a foundationfor atlas and general thematic map usage. Offered eachspring and summer.113 Human Geography (3)Provides a synthesis of physical and cultural geographicconcepts by developing an understanding of therelationship of the physical world to the cultural throughthree units: The Physical World, Cultural and PhysicalInteraction, and Applied Cultural and Physical Processes.Use of maps and other geographic representations, thestudy of physical processes, the characteristics anddistribution of ecosystems, the relationship between humanactivity and the physical environment, the examination ofcultural patterns and networks, and the impact of politicalforces on physical resources are explored. Offered eachspring or summer.485 Earth and Environmental Science forSecondary School Teachers (1-4)Identical to EES 485.HEALTH ANDHUMAN SERVICESDR. BENJAMIN D. DOBRIN, MSW, Program CoordinatorMS. SHARON L. PAYNE, LCSW, CSACThe health and human services program preparesstudents to work with people in a broad spectrum of publicand private agency and employment settings. Students areprepared with the competence to develop, administer, anddeliver services to strengthen and empower individuals,families, communities, and groups. Areas of interest mayinclude aging, child welfare, domestic violence, familyservice, health and mental health, hospice, mentalretardation, substance abuse, probation and parole, healthmaintenance or disease prevention.The capstone of the major is a semester long, 36-hourweek, highly structured internship coupled with anon-campus seminar. The internship affords the student theopportunity to integrate the liberal arts experience andtheories of helping with work in local health and humanservice organizations.The major is flexible and interdisciplinary, allowingstudents to explore their own areas of interest. Four areas ofconcentration are: direct service, community action,administration, and legislative process. Students may seekemployment in the field after their undergraduateexperience or choose graduate school in fields such as socialwork, public health, public or business administration, lawor divinity.Direct Service ConcentrationPrepares students to work with individuals, families andgroups. In this concentration a student may fulfill theacademic requirements for certification as a substanceabuse counselor (CSAC) and begin accruing supervisedexperience for that credential in the internship.Community Action ConcentrationPrepares students to work directly with communities toidentify and meet their specific needs. Students may usetheir leadership and research skills to enhance communitystrengths and wellness.Administration ConcentrationPrepares students who wish to develop skills toadministrate health and human service agencies. In thisconcentration students may fulfill requirements to becomelicensed Nursing Home Administrators.Legislative ConcentrationPrepares students who wish to work in the legislativearena developing health and human service legislation andpolicy.Major ComponentsThe major is constituted by four interrelatedcomponents:

104 HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES1. General Studies courses to develop consciousness,sensitivity, and competencies appropriate for allliberally educated and emotionally prepared persons;2. HHS core courses give all students majoring inhealth and human services a common base ofknowledge, experience and skill which is appropriatefor professionals in the broad field of endeavor;3. Support courses which provide the student withspecialization in subject matter required for theinternship experience. Each student will take at leastseven upper-level courses to meet this requirement;and4. The HHS internship and academic seminar which isthe culminating experience for those majoring inhealth and human services. The internship andacademic seminar, which are taken concurrently, willhelp integrate various liberal arts perspectives withina health and human services context. Theseexperiences require considerable preparation andeach potential intern must have developed key skillsin communication and in dealing with individualsand groups, as well as a clear understandingregarding the requirements of the specific internship.Specific major requirements include:1. With the HHS adviser you are to work out a plan ofliberal arts courses which will develop consciousness,sensitivity, knowledge, and competencies appropriatefor liberally educated and emotionallyprepared persons. Consequently, all three divisionsof the college will be drawn upon for these courses.2. The student will be required to select one of fourpossible tracks, or specializations, and accumulate atleast 21 semester hours of upper-level course work inthat area for the internship experience. Studentscannot take more than 15 semester hours in any onediscipline to meet this requirement.3. You will be required to complete at least 45 semesterhours of upper-division courses, with 60 semesterhours being recommended.4. Grade point average of 2.5 or better to qualify forthe internship.5. Successful completion of core and support courses(2.0 or better in each course) prior to the internship.6. Only 300/400 level courses count as supportcourses.Major RequirementsCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLEHHS 201Introduction to Human ServicesHHS 302Planning, Administration & LegislationPOLS 343Public AdministrationSEM.HRS.433HHS 337Advanced Developmental Psychology3HHS 338Adult Development: 3A Biopsychosocial ApproachHHS 401Direct Service Intervention3HHS 472Human Services Internship12HHS 475Human Services Seminar3TOTAL 34HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES(HHS)CORE COURSES201 Introduction to Health& Human Services (4)(S)Acquaints the beginning student with the history,philosophy, values, concepts, language, directions,problems, and broad scope of health and human services.Offers exposure to various agencies and agency policies.Offered each fall.302 Planning, Administration & Legislation (3)Builds skills in community organization, administrativeand legislative process as intervention techniques. Eachstudent is expected to design, develop and present a projectusing the method taught. Offered each spring.337 Advanced Developmental Psychology (3)Identical to PSY 337.338 Adult Development:A Biopsychosocial Approach (3)Human growth and development, young adulthoodthrough aged death, is designed to meet the particularneeds of students in the health and human services. Focuseson the normal developing life process with attention toindividual adjustments. Though related to the normaldevelopmental processes and subsequent adjustments, thecourse examines how the normal process may causebehavior patterns which may be interpreted as pathologicalto the untrained observer. Students become aware ofabnormal responses to normal developmental processes asthe individual proceeds through the normal changesassociated with growth and development. Since it isextremely important for students to understand the interrelationshipof physical, mental, and emotionaldevelopment and the impact of one’s culture, eachdevelopmental stage is examined from this perspective andconsiders the unique tasks and stresses of the differentstages of life. Offered each spring.

HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES105343 Public Administration (3) (S)Identical to POLS 343.401 Direct Service Interventions (3) WOverview of the direct methods used in health andhuman services: case work and group work. Introduction tothe theory and practice of such methods as essential to thehelping professions. There is a required experientiallearning component. Students work in a direct serviceagency as a service provider for a minimum of 3 hours perweek for the semester. Offered each fall.472 Health & Human Services Internship (12)Serves as the capstone experience for the academicpreparation. Students are placed in an agency, organization,company, or legislative setting which affords anopportunity for them to assume a preprofessional rolewhere they can build skills and expand their expertise. Forpsychology majors, students must complete the core andthe major requirements for the specific major. Prerequisites:HHS 201, 302, 338, and 401; PSY 337; POL 343; 21semester hours of upper-level courses to support theemphasis with a minimum of 2.00 in each course;minimum grade point average 2.5; minimum of 45-60semester hours of 300- and 400-level courses and approvalof the internship committee. Corequisite: HHS 475.Offered each spring.475 Health & Human Services Seminar (3) (I)Offered concurrently with the internship. Assistsstudents in relating theory and values to experience and inoffering support, interpretation, evaluation, and guidance.Also, students are evaluated on their performance ofwork assignments, use of supervision and course work.Prerequisites: same as HHS 472. Corequisite: HHS 472.Offered each spring.ELECTIVES210/310 Public Health (3)Offers the student an overview of the history andcurrent practice of public health in the U.S. and abroad andsurveys the core components of public health. Offered eachfall or on demand.261/361 Human Sexuality (3) (V)*An exploration of the diverse and often divisive issuessurrounding human sexuality. Historical perspectives fromWestern cultures provide a basis for understanding theconstruction of gender in modern society. A review of othercultures punctuates diverse approaches to gender and sexualissues worldwide. The legal, moral and ethical issues relatedto sexual behavior and gender are studied along with thephysical aspects of human sexuality and procreation. Thedisciplines of history, anthropology, sociology, psychology,health education, medicine, religious studies, women’sstudies and law inform the exploration. Multipleapproaches to controversial issues are explored and debated,as well as myths and facts. Students are challenged toexplore their own values, their genesis and the functionthose values serve in their lives. Offered fall of evennumberedyears.*HHS 361 only307 Death, Dying, Loss, & Grief (3) (V) WFocuses on contemporary and historical societalinfluences, cultural practices and spiritual beliefs inconceptualizing the experience of death. Students examinereligious rituals related to the preparation of the body, theburial and the mourning process and examine the ethicssurrounding end-of-life decisions and how death isdetermined from a medical and legal perspective. Currentlegal issues and instruments such as advance directives, willsand powers of attorney are discussed. Also addressed arecurrent ethical controversies around life sustainingmeasures, physical assisted death and organ transplantation.The impact of loss throughout the life cycle is addressed, asa result of normal developmental transitions. Those lossesare contrasted with loss as a result of suicide, violence anddisaster. In addition we explore the needs of those identifiedas disenfranchised grievers such as partners of AIDSpatients, families of suicide victims, women who havemiscarried and young widows/widowers. Offered fall ofodd-numbered years.308 Gerontological Services (3)(Winter Session)Offers the student an overview of the history andcurrent practice of gerontological services in the UnitedStates. During the 20th century, life expectancy increasedalmost 30 years in this country. An entire field of responsehas been created to help the elderly population with theirneeds and concerns. This course is a survey of the corecomponents of gerontological services—financial, social,in-home, institutional and medical. Service delivery gapsand trends for the future will also be explored. Prerequisite:junior status. Offered in selected Winter Sessions.309 Grief—Childhood & Adolescence (3)Designed to teach students the theories which explainthe different ways children react to loss and grief. Thematerials studied give the students a knowledge base uponwhich to build appropriate intervention skills to assistchildren living with loss and grief. Special attention is givento age, cultural, racial, religious and gender differences. Thefocus is on children experiencing the loss of a significantperson in their lives. Some emphasis is on children sufferingfrom life-threatening illness and their own potential death.Prerequisite: junior/senior status or consent. Three semesterhours of psychology, sociology, or health and humanservices. Offered fall of even-numbered years.312 Chronic Diseases (3)An in-depth review of current health concerns andchronic diseases. The course surveys specific conditions,policy related to these conditions, and preventiontechniques. Public health prevention as well as the medicalcommunity’s curative response are also examined. Thepublic health model is promoted throughout the course.

106 HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESPrerequisite: sophomore status. Offered spring of evennumberedyears.318 Aging in the Media (3)(Winter Session)Explores aging through the context of popular media.The study begins with an overview of the major psychosocialtheories on aging and explores how aging and olderpeople are portrayed in a myriad of media. Students focuson film and view television programs, comics, andchildren’s literature. This is a fun and innovative way tostudy the etic construct of aging through the Western(American and British) emic lens. Prerequisite: sophomorestatus or higher. Offered in selected Winter Sessions.320 Overview of HealthCare Administration (3)Presents cutting-edge thinking on the management ofhealth care organizations. Practical and conceptual skills aretaught to help students focus on more efficient health caredelivery in a multitude of settings. This course preparesstudents for entry-level health care management positionsor for graduate education in health care administration(MHA, MPA, MBA, MPH, MSW). Prerequisite: juniorstatus. Offered fall of even-numbered years.321 Medical Group Management (3)A comprehensive guide to the administration of anambulatory care facility, for both the new manager and theexperienced administrator. Prerequisite: PSY 201 or MBE301 or consent.335 Contemporary Issues (3)Provides an opportunity for students to criticallyexamine a variety of issues which are of concern toproviders of services as well as consumers of services. Thetopics of concern may, by necessity, change from year toyear. The course is useful to students majoring in disciplinesfrom all three divisions. Students are expected to doindependent work to supplement lectures and readings.Prerequisite: junior/senior status. Offered spring of oddnumberedyears.336 Human Growth and Development:Life Course Approach (3)Designed to meet the needs of students who want todevelop a strong foundation in human growth anddevelopment. Different biological, social, and psychologicaltheories of growth and development are examined and willoffer the student a multi-disciplinary perspective. Studentswill learn primarily about normal development—fromconception to aged death. While normal development willbe stressed, certain pathological processes will be examinedas well. Note: Students who have taken a previousdevelopmental course, or will as part of their intendedmajor, may not take this class for additional credit.Prerequisites: junior status or consent. Offeredeach spring.380 Aging in America (3)Provides an overview of current theories of aging.Attention is given to myths, healthy aging, positivestrategies used to deal with the aging process, and theinterrelationships between characteristics and needs ofaging and aged people in America. “Aged” is defined as65-120. Prerequisite: PSY 201 or SOC 100. Offered fall ofodd-numbered years.384 Drugs of Abuse (3)An introduction to the complex issues surrounding bothlicit and illicit drugs. The most widely used/abused drugsare studied in some depth to include an overview of theirpharmacology and the neurophysiology of the brain. Themajor classifications of drugs of abuse, their addictivepotential and the continuum of use, misuse, abuse andaddiction are addressed. The short and long termconsequences of drug use are studied in addition to thedangers of drug interactions. Prerequisite: PSY 201 or 266or consent. Offered most falls.385 Substance Abuse &Chemical Dependency (3)Examines the effects drugs of abuse have in our society.The course specifically looks at defining the problem and itseffects on the abusing person, family, economy, legalsystem, health care, and the issues and impact of treatmentand 12-step support groups. Offered most springs.386 Peer Educator Training (3)Provides preparation for students to become part of thecollege’s Peer Educator Program. Students develop basicinterviewing, individual assessment, and group skills.Students are expected to demonstrate competency withsuch skills in class through role-playing. Offered as needed.390 Substance Abuse Counseling ( 3)Provides the individual preparing for a career in workingwith individuals, families and groups with a portion of theacademic background necessary for not only working withthese populations around substance abuse issues but also forbecoming certified as a substance abuse counselor.Prerequisite: HHS 384, 385. Offered as needed.402 Women on the Brink (3)(Winter Session)Challenges the student to explore the interaction ofcomplex societal and psychological factors as they relate toAmerica’s most vulnerable women. Students study thehistory of women’s role in American society and evaluatehow current policies and institutions often maintainwomen as vulnerable and disenfranchised. The course isconducted in a seminar format on campus with a one-weekresidential component in a homeless shelter in a majorurban area. Prerequisites: consent and one faculty/staffrecommendation. Offered in selected Winter Sessions.

HISTORY107410 Homeless in America (3) (I)(Winter Session)Reviews the history of poverty and homelessness inAmerica and society’s response to it. Special emphasis isplaced on the economic, cultural, social and politicalfactors, which converge to create a climate in which povertyexists and is maintained. Current societal responses topoverty are studied with immersion experiences in theHampton Roads area. Prerequisite: senior status. Offered inselected Winter Sessions.450 Health & Human Services Data Collectionand Data Analysis (3)(E)Offers the student an overview of data collectionmethods as well as analysis procedures within the context ofhealth and human services. Both positivistic andnaturalistic paradigms are examined. Students are given anopportunity to develop skills in posing research questions,designing studies, collecting data, and analyzing,interpreting and reporting this data. Prerequisites:junior/senior status, successful completion of mathrequirement, and consent. Offered fall of even-numberedyears, or as needed.HISTORYDR. RICHARD E. BONDDR. CLAYTON J. DREES, Division ChairpersonDR. DANIEL S. MARGOLIESDR. SARA A. SEWELL, Program CoordinatorDR. SUSANNAH F. WALKERCourse offerings in history are intended to familiarizestudents with both the American and Western heritage, aswell as with some aspects of the history of the non-Westernworld. The study of history is presented as a means ofintegrating college experiences and developing certainperceptual and analytical skills. Students are exposed to abroad range of modern historical methodologies,establishing close ties between history and many otheracademic disciplines.The study of history is aimed at students who aremotivated by diverse goals. It offers excellent preparationfor careers in law, civil service, journalism, business, foreignservice, museum work, and archives. It also preparesstudents well to pursue graduate study, including lawschool.The history department offers two majors: History andSocial Studies. The history major provides the opportunityto study a variety of historical topics. Students haveconsiderable choice of courses, and professors encouragemajors to take full advantage of the diversity of courses thatthe department offers. Additionally, the history majorprovides students with high-level analytical skills thatemphasize historical inquiry. Students should note, forexample, that the department offers courses that introducea wide range of methodologies, including oral history,intellectual history, social history, cultural history, andgender history. The major requirements, although minimal,are designed to ensure that all students will gain someknowledge of both U.S. and non-U.S. history beyond theintroductory level. They also ensure that every studentmajoring in history will have the opportunity to confront adiversity of historical interpretations and will acquirepractice in designing and executing historical research.The social studies major is designed for students whoplan to become secondary history/social studies educators.This major meets all of the competencies required by theCommonwealth of Virginia for secondary educationcertification in social studies. In addition to history, areas ofstudy include government, civics, international studies,economics, and geography. This major also emphasizes thenature of historical interpretation and provides theopportunity to pursue independent historical research. Inaddition to completing the departmental requirements,social studies majors who seek certification in secondaryeducation must complete all secondary professional teachertraining courses stipulated in the education section of thecurrent catalog.Major Requirements: HistoryCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLESEM.HRS.At least 9 semester hours must be in U.S. history,9 in European history, and 3 in non-Western history(Asia, Africa, Latin America).Any 5 history courses at the100/200 level15Any 6 history courses at the300/400 level18HIST 258Introduction to Historiography3HIST 360Junior Research Seminar3HIST 460Senior Project Seminar3Minor Requirements: HistoryTOTAL 42COURSE NUMBER AND TITLE(See p. 31 for general minor requirements)SEM.HRS.3 courses in U.S. history 93 courses in non-U.S. history 9At least one writing (W) course in historyAt least 9 semester hoursat the 300/400 level.TOTAL 18

108 HISTORYMajor Requirements: Social StudiesCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLESEM.HRS.HIST 111World History to A.D. 1600HIST 112World History: The Modern EraHIST 113 12History of U.S. to 1877HIST 114History of U.S. Since 1877Two of the following:HIST 303, 313, 317, 322, 325, 328, 352,375, 380, 381, 383, 400, 405, 415, 417, 6418, 425, 433, 440Two of the following:HIST 319, 323, 346, 347, 348, 353, 6426, 432, 450, 451HIST 258Historiography 3One of the following:HIST 314, 325, 328, 347, 348, 352, 353, 3360, 412, 417, 418, 428, 433One of the following:POLS 201, 207/307, 235/335, 3231/431, 237/337, 303One of the following:POLS 103, 206, 210, 211/311, 215/315,3216, 316, 217/317, 218/318, 228/328,229, 238/338, 250, 321One of the following:POLS 205/305, 270/370, 323, 343, 3371, 372, 373GEOG 1133Human GeographyMBE 2013Introduction to MacroeconomicsMBE 2023Introduction to MicroeconomicsTOTAL 18At least one course in political science must be takenat the 300/400 level.In addition to the above requirements, a 2.5 grade-pointaverage must be maintained in the social studies major forgraduation.HISTORY COURSES (HIST)111 World History to A.D. 1600 (3) (H)Study of selected topics in history from the emergenceof early cultures to the 16th century. Emphasis is on thevariety of human societies and the ways in which differingold world societies influenced one another. Prerequisite:freshman/sophomore status or consent. Offered each fall.112 World History: The Modern Era (3) (H)Explores world history since 1600 focusing onintercultural exploration and appreciation. Examines manycritical political events in world history including the twoworld wars. Students also learn about key historical trendssuch as the waning of traditional societies, industrialization,Marxism, nationalism, and imperialism. Significantattention is devoted to studying cultural developments,especially understanding how ordinary people experiencedmajor historical events. Prerequisite: freshman/sophomorestatus or consent. Offered each spring.113 History of U.S. to 1877 (3) (H)An introductory survey of the major political, social,economic, cultural, demographic, religious, and diplomaticdevelopments in U.S. and Virginia history from thefounding of Jamestown in 1607 until the end ofReconstruction in1877. Among the topics studied are themajor events of Virginia history from 1607 to 1877, NativeAmerican life, the concept of “encounter” between NativeAmericans and Europeans, the social and politicaldevelopment of colonial life, the reasons for African slaveryand the daily realities of slave life, the process of culturaltransmissions from Europe and Africa to America, thecauses and consequences of the American Revolution, thecontested nature of American democracy and concepts ofAmerican freedom, the Market Revolution, 19th centuryAmerican life, territorial expansion, the coming of the CivilWar, and the meanings of Reconstruction. Prerequisite:freshman/sophomore status or consent. Offered regularly.114 History of U.S. Since 1877 (3) (H)An introductory survey of the major political, social,economic, cultural, demographic, religious, and diplomaticdevelopments in U.S. and Virginia history from the end ofReconstruction through the present. The unfinished socialrevolution of Reconstruction, the industrial revolution, therise and fall of Progressivism, the origins of Americanempire, World Wars I and II, the Vietnam War, and the riseof the United States to unparalleled prosperity, power, andinfluence in the world are covered. Students examinescientific, technological, and intellectual developments,imperial expansionism and warfare, the ongoing expansionand centralization of federal government power andauthority, struggles for social justice, individual autonomyand environmental change, cultural transformation, andthe interaction of diverse communities of peoples at homeand abroad. Prerequisite: freshman/sophomore status orconsent. Offered regularly.

HISTORY109205/305 Survey of Modern Europe (3) (H)Survey in European history since the 18th century. Overthe past 200 years, European society has changedprofoundly. From scientific discoveries, to the spread ofdemocracy, to the rise of secularism, Europe has undergonerevolutionary transformations. Many people consider mostof these developments to be critical markers of progress,and they point to democracy, industrialization, scientificadvances, and technological innovations as evidence of thisprogress. Such developments also came with negativerepercussions, such as colonialism, mass destruction andgenocide. Students are exposed to various historicalinterpretations, including political, social, gender, andcultural narratives. Prerequisite: sophomore/junior/seniorstatus. Offered each fall.211 History of England to 1715 (3) (H)Roman Britain to the glorious revolution, with specialemphasis upon constitutional development, religiouschange and economic expansion. Offered fall of oddnumberedyears.212 Modern Britain (3) (H)The impact of the industrial revolution on the course ofBritish history, the rise and decline of empire, andexperimentation with socialism in the 20th century arestudied. Offered spring of even-numbered years.216/316 A Survey of Medieval History (3) (H)A survey of the cultural, religious, political, andeconomic changes which Europe underwent from the “fall”of Rome to the Black Death. Offered spring of oddnumberedyears.219 Topics in Asian History (3)An examination of selected topics in the history of Asiathat varies from year to year and focuses on such areas asChina, Japan, India and the Near East. Offered spring ofodd-numbered years or on demand.220 The Civil War and Reconstruction (3) (H)Examines the causes, experience, significance, andlasting legacies of the Civil War and Reconstruction. Itcovers, among many other topics, the ongoing crisis ofsectionalism and nationalism, the political, ideological, andmoral conflict over slavery, the impact of expansionism, theideological development of a revolutionary South, and theimpact of the war on national politics, culture, andmemory. Heavy emphasis is given to the war itself: thebattles, leaders, common soldiers, tactics, diplomacy andeconomics of this great conflict. Finally, we explore themixed results of this war for the victorious North, thedefeated South, and the restored nation during theReconstruction era and beyond. Offered spring of evennumberedyears.224 World Wars I & II (3) (H)A course in European history from 1878 to 1945emphasizing the origins, nature, and impact of the twoworld wars. Offered fall of even-numbered years.225 U.S. History Since 1945 (3) (H)An introductory survey of the major political, social,economic, cultural, demographic, and diplomatic developmentsin U.S. history from the end of World War IIthrough the present. Among other topics studied arescientific, technological, and intellectual developments,American superpower and global decolonization, Cold Warand regional warfare, the ongoing expansion andcentralization of federal government power and authority,struggles for social justice and civil rights, individualautonomy and environment balance, culturaltransformation, and the interaction of diverse communitiesof peoples across both time and space. Prerequisite:freshman/sophomore status or consent. Offered regularly.231 History of Nazi Germany (3) (H)Explores the rise of Nazism and the establishment of theNazi dictatorship in Germany from 1933 until 1945. Thehistorical conditions that fostered Nazism, the Hitlerrevolution, the Nazification of many facets of German life,the Second World War, and the Holocaust are examined.Students analyze primary documents that focus on variousaspects of the Third Reich, including ideology, propaganda,family life, gender, and the arts. Concludes with anevaluation of the Nazi legacy in German history. Offeredspring of odd-numbered years.233 African-American History to 1877 (3) WTraces the experiences of Americans of African descentfrom their arrival in the Americas to the period ofReconstruction after the American Civil War. Offered fallof odd-numbered years.234 African-American History Since 1877 (3) (H)Traces the experiences of Americans of African descentfrom the period of Reconstruction after the American CivilWar to the present. Offered spring of even-numbered years.235 Colonial Latin America (3) (H)A survey of the history of Latin America from the pre-Conquest era through the Colonial period. Offered fall ofodd-numbered years.237 Cultural History of Modern Europe (3) (H)Explores the culture of Europe from the Baroque Ageuntil the present. Examines a wide array of culturalexpressions, linking artistic and popular culturalmovements to their historical contexts. These culturalmovements include the Enlightenment, romanticism,realism, modernism, and nationalism. “Culture” is thusdefined broadly, encompassing traditional forms of “high”culture, such as art, music and literature, as well as nationalpolitical cultures, popular cultures, and everyday cultures.An understanding of aesthetic sensibilities of various epochs

110 HISTORYis also emphasized by examining how artistic creation haschanged over the past four centuries. Students develop theirown sense of aesthetic sensibilities by attending variouscultural events, including concerts, theatre performances,film viewings, architectural tours, and art exhibitions.Offered fall of odd-numbered years.240 The American Revolution andEarly Republic, 1750-1787 (3)(H)An intensive examination of the causes andconsequences of the American Revolution and theformation of the U.S. Constitution. Readings are drawnfrom primary and secondary sources. Offered spring ofodd-numbered years.246 Introduction to Africa (3) (H)A general survey of African history that treats the originsof African society, the great Bantu migrations, the arrival ofIslam, the medieval empires of the Sudan, the colonialexperience and modern nationhood through lectures,discussions and audiovisual presentations. Offered spring ofeven-numbered years.248 Medieval Islamic World (3) (V)An honors course in the history, religion and culture ofthe Islamic Near East, Spain, African empires and Swahilicoast, the Ottoman empire and Mogul India fromMohammed the Prophet to the 17th century. Offered ondemand.250 American Maritime History (3) (H)Examines the American relationship with the sea from avariety of social, economic, diplomatic, environmental, andpolitical perspectives. Students concentrate on thedevelopment, experience, and nature of maritime exploration,commerce, warfare, and transportation during theformative years of the United States between settlement onthe Atlantic rim and the rise to world power by 1900.Particular attention is paid to the history of the regionsurrounding the Chesapeake Bay in order to take advantageof the historical and environmental richness that surroundsthe area. Among many other topics, students studyinternational trade, fishing, whaling and sealing; piracy, thelife, experience and mindset of the seamen; overseasempires; the development, transformation and projectionof naval power around the world; and the incredible impactof the maritime world on American politics, economy,community, and culture over three centuries. Offeredspring of even-numbered years.258 Introduction to Historiography (3)The discipline of history increasingly emphasizesargumentation in its scholarship, focusing on interpretivehistoriography. Even though historians regularly study thesame sources, they often arrive at markedly differentinterpretations. By analyzing the differing schools that havedeveloped around various historical questions, studentslearn how to enter into historical debates by engaging otherhistorians. They also are exposed to some of the mostimportant methodologies in the discipline of history.Prerequisite: history or social studies major or historyminor. Offered each fall.262 Seminar in the History ofEuropean Cities (3)(Winter Session)Investigates the history of various European cities,including Berlin, Paris, London, Vienna, and Prague.Focuses on the history of art, architecture, city planning,and public spaces. Through walking tours, visits tomuseums and key landmarks, and musical performances,students investigate the historical developments of thecities, focusing particularly on conflicts radiating from theconstruction and destruction of the urban landscape.Begins at VWC with an on-campus component in whichstudents prepare for an on-site study of the city. Theon-campus study is followed by travel to the destination.Offered during selected Winter Sessions.303 17th- and 18th-Century America (3) WA study of the social, cultural, religious, anddemographic changes that took place over two differentcenturies in early American history. Topics studied includeNative American life; encounters between whites andIndians; the political, economic, and social formation of thecolonies; free and enslaved black life; African, European,and American cultural development; and religion, amongothers. Prerequisite: sophomore/junior/senior status.Offered in fall of even-numbered years.313 19th-Century America (3) (H)An intensive exploration of major themes, events, andindividuals in United States history between ThomasJefferson’s presidency and the Spanish-American War. Westudy territorial and governmental expansion, the politics ofslavery and freedom, the Civil War and its aftermath, theindustrial revolution, urbanization, imperial adventurism,and other transformations that marked this tumultuous andfascinating time in history. Particular emphasis is placed onhistoriographical interpretations of the historical changesand their meanings. Prerequisite: HIST 113 or 114,sophomore/junior/senior status. Offered fall of evennumberedyears.314 First and SecondGreat Awakenings (3)(H) WA study of the social, cultural, religious, anddemographic causes and consequences of the First andSecond Great Awakenings. Prerequisite: sophomore/junior/senior status. Offered spring of even-numbered years.317 History of Virginia (3) (H)An exploration of the history of the Commonwealth ofVirginia through the Civil War, examining such topics asPowhatan culture, early Virginia settlement and life, theorigins of slavery and the construction of race, gentry andslave culture, Thomas Jefferson, and Virginia’s role in the

HISTORY111Civil War. Field trips to historic sites may be required.Prerequisite: sophomore/junior/senior status. Offered eachfall.319 Early Modern Europe 1300-1789 (3) WThe Renaissance as it began in the Italian city-states andspread to North Europe, the cultural and intellectualbackground of the religious Reformers, the impact of theReligious Revolution on the emerging European nationstates,and the intellectual triumph of the European“Enlightenment.” Prerequisite: sophomore/junior/seniorstatus. Offered spring of even-numbered years.322 Religion and Social Issues inAmerican History (3)Examines, from an interdisciplinary vantage point,crucial social issues in American history such as slavery andissues of racial equality, and the status of women. Thiscourse explores the religious influences, background andcontext of these social issues which have had a profoundeffect on American history and continue to reverberate inAmerican society today. Prerequisites: completed at least sixsemester hours in history, religious studies, political science,English, interdisciplinary studies, philosophy or sociology;sophomore/junior/senior status. Offered on demand.323 Tudor England (3) WA detailed introduction to the history of 15th- and 16thcenturyEngland that explores the political, social,economic, religious and intellectual trends responsible forthe “renaissance” of culture that characterized theElizabethan Age. Prerequisite: sophomore/junior/seniorstatus. Offered fall of even-numbered years.325 Radicalism,Terrorism, and Violencein American History (3)An examination of dissent, radical politics, terrorism,and political violence in American history. Radicalism in allforms in American history is studied from the colonial erato the present. We examine the impact and influence ofhistorically important forms of violence, political crime,and state repression on American politics, culture, society,and economy. Students examine the rise of different radicalpolitical ideologies and parties, mob violence, slaveuprisings, filibusters, lynching, vigilantism, strikes, policeand military repression, assassination, terrorism of the leftand right, apocalyptic sects, the role of violence inproducing or forestalling social change and reform, etc. Wealso discuss and dissect the different theoretical approachesdeveloped by historians to explain the meaning ofradicalism, terrorism, and violence in American history.Prerequisite: sophomore/junior/senior status. Offered fallof odd-numbered years.328 United States Foreign Relations,1763-1919 (3) (H)An examination of the major themes, events, ideas, andconsequences of American foreign policy from the Frenchand Indian Wars through Woodrow Wilson’s attempt tore-shape international relations in the aftermath of WorldWar I. Particular attention will be given to the strategic,ideological, economic, sectional, and racial dimensions ofU.S. relations with other nations and peoples, and to theconnections between foreign and domestic politics.Prerequisite: sophomore/junior/senior status. Offeredspring of odd-numbered years.338 Internships in History (3)Offers students the opportunity to work directly inmuseums, historic houses and archives in the region wherethey gain historical knowledge and insight into whathistorians do outside the classroom. In addition to 100hours of field work, students meet several times fordiscussion with other interns and write a short paperrelating to their experiences. Prerequisites: B (3.00 GPA)average, sophomore/junior/senior status. Offered eachspring.346 History of South Africa (3) (S)An exploration of the South African past from earliestsettlement by African and European peoples through theBritish Colonial and Afrikaner union periods, to theestablishment and dismantling of apartheid in the 20thcentury. Prerequisite: sophomore/junior/senior status.Offered fall of even-numbered years.347 History of Modern France (3) (H) WFocusing on France’s attempts to achieve “liberty,equality, and fraternity,” the history of France is exploredfrom the beginning of the 18th century until the present.The investigation covers the various political regimesbeginning with Absolutism under Louis XIV, through theseries republics, and the two Napoleonic empires. Loominglarge on the horizon of modern French history, of course,are the many revolutions, which have left indelible stampson the history of France and are a central focus. Thepolitical narrative is supplemented by a social analysis ofFrench society, including the history of the working classes,women, Jews, and immigrants. Given the vibrant culturalhistory of modern France, an examination is made of thecultural milestones in French history as well as popularculture and national political symbolism. Prerequisite:sophomore/junior/senior status. Offered on demand.348 History of Modern Germany (3) WIn 1871, Germany united and became a modern nationstate.Since unification, however, the geo-politicaldefinition of Germany has never been fixed. In 1918, 1933,1940, 1945, and 1990, Germany went through momentouschanges that highlighted the instability of the Germannation. Focusing on key historical developments, studentsexplore the meaning of modern Germany since 1871.While the political outline of German history is examined,the focus extends beyond the political realm, investigatingboth the social and cultural histories of Germany as a meansto probe more deeply into German identity. This social andcultural emphasis raises key questions about Germanidentity: Why have ethnic groups clashed over the

112 HISTORYdefinition of Germany? Why have Germans historically hada strong sense of regional identity and a tenuous nationalallegiance? Is the Holocaust the main lens through whichone should read German history? Where are Germany’sborders? Prerequisite: sophomore/junior/senior status.Offered spring of even-numbered years.352 U.S.Women’s History (3) (H)Examines topics in the history of women in the UnitedStates from the colonial period to the present. The coursefocuses particularly on how women’s roles and ideas aboutfemininity changed over time in the context of the social,economic, political, and cultural development of theUnited States. The course also takes account of whatAmerican women have shared, as well as how they havediffered across lines of class, race, ethnicity and region.Prerequisite: sophomore/junior/senior status. Offeredspring of even-numbered years.353 History of Women inEurope Since 1700 (3)(H) WExplores the history of women in Europe from the 18thcentury to the present. Its central themes focus on women’sroles in society, both public and private. Examining womenin the spaces they have historically occupied, students probesome of the central questions concerning the history ofwomen in Europe: How did society define “woman,” andwhy was she generally seen as the “other”? How did societyconstruct women’s roles, and to what extent did womencontest traditional gender roles? How did industrializationshape women’s lives? To what extent did women participatein political struggle, and how did their political goals andmeans of struggle vary from those of men? How didcontemporaries view the female body? Why did somewomen oppose “emancipation,” as defined by feminists?Prerequisite: sophomore/junior/senior status. Offered fallof even-numbered years.360 Junior Research Seminar (3) WDesigned to provide history majors with skills forresearch within the discipline. Students examine a few basicreadings on the general topic together and then formulatetheir own related research projects. A series of assignmentstakes them through the research and writing process andculminates in a major paper. Prerequisites: declared majorin history, sophomore/junior/senior status. Offered eachspring.375 The History of Piracy (3)(Winter Session)Explores the world that pirates called their home,including both the myth and the reality of being a pirate.Topics include a pirate’s daily life, the reasons why someonewould become a pirate, and the relationship betweenpiracy and the construction of early modern empires.Comparisons with pirates in the South China Sea and thenorthern coast of Africa are also explored, and several filmsare screened. Prerequisite: sophomore/junior/senior status;must read Stevenson’s Treasure Island for first day of class.Offered in selected Winter Sessions.380 Dos Passos’ U.S.A (3) (H)(Winter Session)An intensive exploration of an underutilizedmasterpiece of American literature as well as a ruminationon the tenor of life, politics, culture, and history in theUnited States during the first three decades of the 20thcentury. The core of this seminar is John Dos Passos’ greattrilogy, U.S.A.: The 42nd Parallel: 1919: The Big Money.We read and discuss these fascinating and complicatedbooks, explore and evaluate Dos Passos’ innovativenarrative and experimental styles, his political agenda andsocial critique, his understanding of the flow of Americanhistory, his enduring appeal to the fan of a good read, andhis great utility to the student of American history. Usingthe books as a guide and a lodestar, we construct anunderstanding of the American experience before, duringand after the First World War, and gain a unique insightinto the connections between literature and history andbetween art and memory. Prerequisite: any 100-levelhistory course, sophomore/junior/senior status. Offered inselected Winter Sessions.381 The South of Erskine Caldwell (3)(Winter Session)An intensive reading and discussion seminar whichexplores the tenor of early 20th century Southern life andculture through the fiction and non-fiction works ofErskine Caldwell, a much-overlooked genius of Americanletters. Caldwell stands alongside William Faulkner as oneof the two most important interpreters of life, culture, andsociety in the South during the early 20th century. In hishighly readable works, Caldwell straddled the lines betweensharp social commentary and popular fiction, high art andreportage. By focusing on the lives of ordinary Southerners,Caldwell explored race, class, and gender in a Southwracked by industrialization, social upheaval, racialviolence, and the Great Depression. Rural Southern life, therace question in the South, radical Georgia politics, socialchange during the Great Depression, and the broader flowof events in American history between 1900 and 1945 arecovered along with other important topics. Prerequisite:sophomore/junior/senior status. Offered in selected WinterSessions.383 Banned Books and theLaw in American History (3)(Winter Session)Identical to ENG 383.(H)385 Seminar in the History of Socialism,Communism, and Marxism in Europe (3) (H)(Winter Session)Explores the development of socialism in Europe fromthe late eighteenth century through today. Examines thetheoretical origins of socialism in the late eighteenthcentury and the beginning of the nineteenth century.Includes an analysis of Marxism and Communism asdeveloped by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the midnineteenthcentury, as well as critical socialist thinkers after

HISTORY113Marx, including August Bebel, Lenin, Rosa Luxemburg,and Geog Lukacs. Includes an analysis ofsocialist/communist feminism, aesthetics, literary theory,and home furnishing. Investigates the historical applicationof socialist theory to the political world from the midnineteenthcentury, to the Russian Revolution, to thecollapse of communist regimes in Eastern Europe in the1990s. Prerequisite: sophomore/junior/senior status.Offered in selected Winter Sessions.400 The Civil Rights Movement (3)A seminar consisting of intensive reading and discussionof selected classic and cutting-edge scholarship on theAfrican-American freedom struggles of the 20th century.We work from the premise that the roots of the Civil RightsMovement stretch back long before the 1954 Brown v.Board of Education decision and that its achievements andcontinuing struggles remain central to understanding therole of race in American society today. Topics of studyinclude the early campaigns of the NAACP; thesignificance of the Great Depression and World War II inaccelerating the struggle for racial justice; the role ofgrassroots activism in the 1950s and 1960s; civil rightsefforts outside of the South; and the interwovenrelationship of the “Civil Rights” and “Black Power”movements. This is a reading and writing intensive historyseminar. Prerequisites: senior status and either HIST 113,114, or 115.405 “Born to Shop?” The Historyof Modern Consumer Culturein the U.S. (3)(I)Is the American Dream for sale? The history ofconsumer culture in the United States during the 20thcentury is examined. It is often said that we live in aconsumer society, but seldom do we stop to consider whatthis actually means or how it came to be. In tracing thishistory, scholars grapple with such questions as: How hasconsumerism helped to shape American culture in the 20thcentury? Has consumer culture primarily been oppressiveor liberating? How does consumer culture shape and reflectpersonal and group identity, whether based on gender, class,ethnicity, race, or nationality? These and other questions areexamined through readings, films, and primary sources.Prerequisite: senior status or consent. Offered spring ofeven-numbered years.412 America Since 1920 (3)Political, economic, and social conditions duringprosperity and depression, war and peace. Emphasis onconflict and adjustment of traditional American concepts toan urbanized and mechanized society. Prerequisite: seniorstatus. Offered fall of even-numbered years.415 Diseases, Pirates, and Slavesin the Atlantic World (3)(H) WIntroduces students to the major topics and themesarising from the innumerable connections that existedbetween peoples who crisscrossed the Atlantic Oceanbetween 1500 and 1800. Students examine topics such asencounter, environment, migration, piracy, slavery, andrevolution in Africa, Europe, North America, and SouthAmerica. Prerequisite: senior status or consent. Offeredspring of even-numbered years.417 History of the Old South (3)An intensive study of life, politics, culture, economics,gender, and race throughout the different areas of theAmerican South between the early colonial era and thecoming of the Civil War. Covers, among many other topics,cultural and political developments of life in the uniquecontext of the Antebellum South; the experience of thefrontier, mountain, Tidewater, piedmont, and Gulf Coast;the complex relationship between Black, White and NativeAmericans; the notion of Southern honor; the interplay ofsectionalism, radicalism, Southern nationalism, andexpansionism; and the experience of plantation life formaster and slave. This advanced-level class also putsconsiderable effort into analyzing an array of differenthistoriographical interpretations and schools of thought onthe history of the Old South. Prerequisite: senior status orconsent. Offered fall of odd-numbered years.418 History of the New South (3) (H) WAn intensive study, discussion, and evaluation of life,politics, culture, economics, gender, and the race questionthroughout the many different areas of the American Southbetween the end of Reconstruction and the end of WorldWar II. We will cover, among many other topics, theshifting legacies of the Civil War and of Reconstruction, theJim Crow segregation system, New South ideology, and thelife and working experiences of the people of the South. Asthis is an advanced-level class, we also put considerableeffort into analyzing an array of different historiographicalinterpretations and schools of thought on the history,meaning, and memory of the New South. Prerequisite:three semester hours in history and senior status or consent.425 Brother Can You Spare A Paintbrush?The Arts Projects of the WPA (1) (3) (I)(Winter Session)During the 1930s the U.S. federal government spent500 million dollars on the arts. These New Deal initiatives,a small part of the Works Progress Administration’s effortsto alleviate massive Depression-era unemployment, fundedvisual artists, writers, musicians, directors, and actors.Thousands of creative projects and administrativedocuments related to WPA arts are available digitally inonline archives. Taking advantage of these sources, studentsembark upon intensive research and analysis of the artsprograms of the WPA, examining these projects’ cultural,social, and political significance in the context of one of themost dynamic and fascinating periods in modern Americanhistory. As a major portion of this course, students alsocreate New Deal-style art, individually and in groups,which is presented to the campus community at the end ofthe Winter Session. Prerequisite: senior status. Offered inselected Winter Sessions.

114 HUMANITIES426 European Heresy andthe Witch-Hunt (3)(I) WAn intensive examination of the varying themes andviewpoints historians grapple with in their study ofreligious dissent in Medieval and Early Modern Europe.Includes a formal research paper in a student-led seminarformat. Prerequisite: senior status or consent. Offeredspring of odd-numbered years.428 Atlantic Slavery (3) (I)An intensive examination of the African and Americanslave trades. While the focus varies, the course considers thecauses and consequences of the slave trade and keyquestions in the historiography of slavery from aninterdisciplinary perspective. Prerequisite: senior status orconsent. Offered spring of odd-numbered years.432 Russia/Soviet Union: 1855-Present (3)Study of the decline of Imperial Russia, the developmentof revolutionary movements and ideas, the history ofthe USSR, and post-Soviet developments. Prerequisite:senior status or consent. Offered when departmentscheduling permits.433 Globalization and Empirein American History (3)(S)Traces and evaluates the development of systems ofliberalized trade, cultural exchange, communication, andtransportation known as globalization and the relatedAmerican pursuit of empire and power in this capitalistworld system. Students also concentrate on the legal,administrative, political, ideological, cultural, and militarysystems and strategies created over time by policymakers inthe United States to shape and dominate an increasinglyinterconnected and interdependent world. The classproceeds chronologically, although it focuses on systemicanalysis of interrelated historical events. Students discussand dissect the different theoretical approaches developedby legal and foreign policy historians to explain themeaning of globalization and empire in American history.Prerequisite: senior status or consent. Offered fall of evennumberedyears.440 Seminar in American History (3)Intensive study of selected topics that vary fromsemester to semester. Prerequisite: senior status or consent.Offered on demand.450 Seminar in European History (3)Intensive study of selected topics that vary fromsemester to semester. Prerequisite: senior status or consent.Offered on demand.451 History of the Holocaust (3) (I)Examines the Holocaust from a variety of perspectivesbased on the General Studies Frames of Reference.Investigating the history of anti-Semitism, the emergence ofracial ideologies at the end of the 19th century, theconditions that contributed to the rise of the Nazi Party,and the memory of the Holocaust, this course seeks tosituate the Holocaust in a broad historical context. It alsoconsiders the Holocaust from aesthetic and ethicalperspectives. The course revolves around an all-class projectthat commemorates Kristalnacht on November 9, whichdevelops students’ historical knowledge, communicationskills, and aesthetic sensibilities. Prerequisite: senior statusor consent. Offered fall of odd-numbered years.460 Senior Project Seminar (3) WA workshop in which senior history majors applyprevious learning. The student selects a historical problem,develops the appropriate methodology for its investigation,and carries out the project under faculty supervision and inclose contact with other members of the seminar. Thestudent is encouraged to consider a variety of approaches tohistorical investigation, including oral history, quantification,and archival research. Prerequisite: senior status,HIST 258 and 360 or consent. Offered each fall.461 Senior Thesis (1)Designed as the capstone for history majors. Studentsrevise their senior theses with the guidance of their HIST460 defense committees. This revision requires additionalresearch and rewriting and culminates with an oral defenseof the thesis to the class and defense committee. Mastery ofinterpreting and evaluating primary sources and a thoroughunderstanding of historiography is expected as is the abilityto construct a solid historical thesis drawing from the two.The ability to revise the thesis and critique the efforts ofclassmates must be demonstrated. Throughout thesemester, students present their topics, the evolution oftheir thinking, and their research methods, findings, andchallenges to the class. Prerequisite: senior status and HIST460 or consent. Offered intermittently.485 History for Secondary School Teachers (1)Intended to be an intensive content and historiographicalreview course for secondary school teachers insocial studies. These tasks are accomplished by focusing onprimary documents and scholarly articles on varioushistorical periods. Techniques for teaching aspects of thiscomplicated material to students is discussed, shared anddeveloped, focusing in part on the requirements of the stateSOLs. This class deepens understanding of history, engagesscholarly controversies, and enhances the teacher’seffectiveness in the classroom.HUMANITIES150 Service-Learning in a Global Context (3) (V)(Winter Session)Students engage in service projects in communitiesaround the world, with a special focus on communities thathave been damaged by the effects of violence, poverty, andsocial injustice. Students become educated about the targetcommunity, engage in a thoughtfully organized serviceproject that addresses the particular needs of thatcommunity, and participate in structured reflection on the

INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES115service experience. Prerequisite: students should beprepared to travel abroad (have valid passports, etc.).Offered in selected Winter Sessions.231/431 A Tale of Two Cities:London and Paris (3) (A) (I) *(Winter Session)A travel course through which students experience andanalyze the culture of two of the world’s greatest cities, notonly that represented in their museums, architecture, andhistoric sights, but also the living culture of life today in thetwo capitals. The course is individually tailored to allowstudents to gain detailed knowledge of several aspects ofLondon and Paris, both through research and visiting theappropriate sites. Prerequisite for 431: 75 semester hours.Offered in selected Winter Sessions. *HUM 231: (A);HUM 431: (I).301 Aesthetic Communication: Understandingand Experiencing the Arts (3)(A)The arts as a unique and universal mode of communication,a legitimate point of view from which to address thenature of humanity, are explored. Painting, photography,sculpture, music, opera, dance, and architecture arediscussed not only as separate disciplines, but as sources forcommon elements (line, texture, harmony, rhythm, etc.).How are these elements used in each specific discipline tocommunicate the artist’s message? Students visit museumsand attend live concert performances in addition toclassroom lectures. Does not fulfill any requirements forLatin Honors.INDIVIDUALIZED MAJOR(See p. 29 for requirements)INFORMATION SYSTEMS(See Management, Business, Economics)INTERDISCIPLINARYSTUDIESINTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIESCOURSES (INST)105 Preparing for College Success (2)An introductory course in critical thinking and studyskills and their relationship to academic success. Designedto help students develop skills in critical thinking, studystrategies, goal setting, time management, and other relatedacademic skills. Offered each semester.106 Analyzing/UnderstandingCollege Reading (2)An introductory course in critical thinking as it relatesto college reading success. Designed to help studentsdevelop skills in critical thinking and college reading.Offered each semester.111 Orientation Seminar forNon-Traditional Students (1)Designed to help non-traditional students develop all ofthe college survival skills necessary to excel in theircoursework, especially critical thinking. Offered eachsemester as needed.115 Student Leadership Development (1)First-year students explore leadership developmentthrough the use of both cognitive and experientialcomponents, to gain a fundamental understanding ofleadership and an opportunity to practice leadership,decision making, and other related skills. Prerequisite: FYE101. Offered each spring.123 Hampton Roads Service Learning (1)(Winter Session)Identical to PORT 123.124 Service Learning in Hampton Roads (3)Identical to PORT 124.126 Music and Folk Cultureof the Southern Appalachians (1)(Winter Session)Provides an introduction to the music and folk cultureof the Southern Appalachians, including Virginia, WestVirginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Georgia and Alabama.It pays particular attention to the unique pre-World War IIstyles of rural dance music, social and religious music, andearly commercially recorded music, including the old timestring band, jug bands, clawhammer style of banjo playing,unaccompanied fiddling, shape note singing, and balladry.Students study the history, development, and structure ofthese regional music styles and are introduced to playingthe music themselves in an old time string band or jugband. Offered in selected Winter Sessions.150 Introduction to Knitting (1)(Winter Session)Introduces students to knitting techniques as well ashistorical and sociological aspects of the handcraft. Knittinghas emerged as a social and commercial phenomenon,newly popular in particular with young people. At the sametime, knitting is an ancient craft and part of a long preindustrialtradition of home production in Europe andNorth America. Students learn the basics of knitting,including choosing the right needles and yarn gauge for apattern, casting on and off, the garter stitch, the stockinettestitch, following a pattern, and fixing mistakes. Studentsbegin by completing a scarf, and then choose a simpleproject from the instructional book to completeindividually. Meanwhile, class readings and discussions willexplore the history and current sociological significance ofknitting. Pass/fail grading. Offered in selected WinterSessions.

116 INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES161 Bees and Beekeeping (1)(Winter Session)An introduction to the history, technique, biology, andpractices of apiculture. It is an introduction to thefundamentals and pleasures of keeping bees as either ahobby or a business. The long history of beekeeping aroundthe world, the various metaphorical and cultural meaningsassigned to bees and beekeeping over time, thedevelopment of the Langstroth hive, and the theoriesbehind the most modern hive management practices arestudied. Essentials such as building of hives, supers, andframes, the capture of swarms, the installation of packagedbees, management of the hive throughout the seasons,requeening, and the harvesting of a honey crop are alsostudied. The basics of bee biology and hive organization,and the critically important methods of preventing diseaseand maintaining a healthy, productive colony are alsocovered. Offered in selected Winter Sessions.180 Rocky Mountain Ecology (3)On-site study of the Rocky Mountain environment.Students study the nature and interrelation of plants andanimals of montane, subalpine, and alpine life zones;aquatic ecology; geological history; and the impact ofhumans, including native American cultures, mining, andrecent environmental issues in this area. Combinationlecture and field course with study trips to a mountainstream, glacier lake, beaver pond, the continental divide,and historic mines and mining towns and canyons of theGreat Plateau. Offered each summer.202 School and Society (3) (S)The historical, philosophical, and sociologicalfoundations of the instructional design based on assessmentdata (the relationships among assessment, instruction, andmonitoring student progress to include studentperformance measures in grading practices, the ability toconstruct and interpret valid assessments using a variety offormats in order to measure student attainment of essentialskills in a standards-based environment, and the ability toanalyze assessment data to make decisions about how toimprove instruction and student performance) areaddressed. Cultural and contemporary issues of the schoolas a socializing agent are explored. Offered each semester.224 Career Exploration and Externships (1)(Winter Session)Provides an introduction to a career field of choice, anexternship experience within that career field, andsubsequent reporting and processing. Students spend thefirst week researching careers and the site at which they willextern. The second week consists of the on-site externship.The final week is used to document, process and present thelessons learned. Prerequisite: consent. Offered in selectedWinter Sessions.230 Women of the Caribbean (3)(Winter Session)Students explore, assess, analyze and apply feministtheories as they relate to themselves and to the women ofthe Caribbean. The course focuses on the social, politicaland cultural similarities and differences among Americanand Caribbean women. Students take a trip to one of theCaribbean islands for further research and study. Offered inselected Winter Sessions.235 Intermediate Honors Topics (3)Analysis of some issue or aspect of culture from theperspective of more than one academic discipline. Oftenteam-taught, and always created just for the honorsprogram, these courses require significant reading, research,and writing. Exemplary work can receive an H (honors)grade. This course may be repeated for credit as the topicvaries. Prerequisite: admission into the honors program orconsent. Offered each year.290, 292 Alpine Ecology I & II (3, 3)A 15-day summer-study program based in Chamonix,France, in the heart of the Mont-Blanc region. The ecology,biology, geology and history of the Alpine region is studied.Included in the course is an examination (including ethicalconsiderations) of the impact of humans upon thisenvironment. Lectures and field course work with studytrips to mountain peaks, lakes, rivers, meadows and villagesare used to familiarize students with this majestic area.INST 290 students focus on the Chamonix/Mont-Blancregion with daily minibus excursions to the French, Swissand Italian Alps. INST 292 includes daily (and possiblyovernight) hikes in the Mont-Blanc region, taking studentsthrough the spectacular French, Italian and Swiss Alps.Prerequisite: consent. Offered summer of odd-numberedyears.303 Applied Technology forInnovative Instruction (3)Provides an opportunity for the student to masterintroductory concepts and to gain experience in the use oftechnology aids to produce educational materials, instructionalunits, and to increase the efficiency of instruction inthe classroom. The course also provides the backgroundand skills for educators to meet the Technology Standardsfor Instructional Personnel (TSIP), and providesopportunities to acquire necessary skills for teachingComputer/Technology Standards K-12 as outlined in theStandards of Learning for Virginia Public Schools.Instructor consent for online section of course. Offeredeach semester.310 Junior Liberal Studies Seminar (1)Encourages students to recognize and explorerelationships and connections among courses from thevarious General Studies Frames of Reference. Using asystems approach, students examine past educationalexperiences and plan for future learning activities. Does notfulfill any requirements for Latin Honors. Prerequisite:

INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES117junior status, liberal studies major or consent. Offered fallof even-numbered years.315 Managing Diversityin Organizations (3)Intended to promote both the awareness of culturaldifferences and a positive attitude toward these differences.It includes various topics related to recruiting, hiring andeffective management of people from different cultural anddemographic backgrounds. It is built around five diversitydimensions: 1) race and ethnicity, 2) gender, 3) age,4) disability and 5) nationality. Does not fulfill anyrequirements for Latin Honors. Prerequisite: freshmanEnglish requirement completed. Offered fall of oddnumberedyears.320 Liberal Learning Seminar (3)An interdisciplinary study of the process of activelearning, creative problem solving, and ethical reflection.The course encourages a complex imagination andintellectual energy which actively strive to connect,integrate, and interrelate human experience with that of aliberal education. Does not fulfill any requirements forLatin Honors. Offered fall of odd-numbered years.330 Methods of Social Research (3) (E)Surveys the various methods employed in socialresearch. Topics covered include: foundations, researchstatistics, case study methodology, interview methodology,survey research methodology, interpreting research andparticipant observation. This course does not concentrateon experimental research design. Does not fulfill anyrequirements for Latin Honors. Offered fall of evennumberedyears.344/444 From Hitler to the Nasty Girl;Modern Germany Through (H) (I)*the Cinema (3)Focuses on the history, politics, society, and the cultureof Germany in the years between the rise to power of AdolfHitler (1933) and the present. Does not fulfill anyrequirements for Latin Honors. Prerequisite: INST 344,none; INST 444, junior status or consent. Offered ondemand. *INST 344: (H); INST 444: (I).355 Science, Ethics, and Public Policy (3)(Winter Session)A particularly challenging area of social concern isexplored in the context of the broader issues at the interfaceof science, ethics, and public policy. This special topicscourse involves a two-day symposium featuringpresentations by several distinguished guest experts and anovernight trip to Washington, D.C., in which studentsreceive briefings from political leaders and representatives oflobby groups on aspects of the policy-making process andpolicy concerns related to the course topics. May berepeated for credit as topics change. Does not fulfill anyrequirements for Latin Honors. Prerequisite: junior/seniorstatus. Offered in selected Winter Sessions.400 Issues in Leisure (3)Seniors select a topic of personal interest, within thegeneral area of Issues in Leisure, conduct research anddemonstrate their ability to synthesize their topic with fourof the six areas of study in the general studies courses. Doesnot fulfill any requirements for Latin Honors.420 The American Wilderness (3)The Rocky Mountain life zones are used as a setting foran interdisciplinary study of natural wilderness areas. Anempirical knowledge perspective focuses on method ofstudy as well as on descriptions, definitions, andcharacteristics of wilderness areas. An historical perspectiveexplores the evolving definitions of and attitudes towardwilderness. An institutions and cultural systems perspectiveexamines both governmental and private approaches usedfor the management of wilderness areas. An ethical valuesperspective explores the effects of various beliefs,attitudes, and values upon choices related to wilderness.Does not fulfill any requirements for Latin Honors.Prerequisite: senior status. Offered each semester.435 Advanced Honors Topics (3)An analysis of some issue or aspect of culture from theperspective of more than one academic discipline. Oftenteam-taught and always created just for the honorsprogram, these courses require significant reading, research,and writing. Exemplary work can receive an “H” grade.This course may be repeated for credit as the topic varies.Does not fulfill any requirements for Latin Honors.Prerequisite: admission into the honors program orconsent. Offered each semester.470 Developments in Scienceand Technology (3)(I) WThe nature of scientific inquiry and the role of scienceand technology in our society are explored by tracing thehistorical development and current state of several areas ofscience and technology. The influence that culture, politics,religion, economics, and society had (and have) on thesedevelopments is discussed, as well as the impact of thesedevelopments on the society. Does not fulfill anyrequirements for Latin Honors. Prerequisites: junior/seniorstatus and one “E” course. Offered fall of odd-numberedyears.482 Issues in Education (3) (I) WStudents conduct a descriptive research project choosinga topic, developing a problem statement, reviewing therelated literature, designing a survey, conducting interviews,and reporting the results. Emphasis on analyzing,evaluation, and applying quantitative and qualitativeresearch. This Senior Project engages the student in activedialogue with peers, professors, and others in thecommunity and on the Internet on critical contemporaryissues which puts your liberal arts education to the test;fosters integration and connectedness of knowledge ratherthan discrete bits of specialized knowledge; requires you to

118 INTERNATIONAL STUDIESinvestigate the variety of perspectives, interests, and valuesystems operative in specific issues; and engages you inresearch using the resources of the college library and otherlibraries in the area. Does not fulfill divisional requirementsfor Latin Honors but may fulfill research requirement forsumma cum laude. Prerequisite: senior status.485 Selected Topics (1-3)Provides opportunities to explore current topics, trends,and issues related to curriculum, methodology, andevaluation. It is primarily intended to meet in-service andre-certification needs of practicing educators. Does notfulfill any requirements for Latin Honors. Prerequisite:consent. Offered each semester.INTERDIVISIONAL MAJOR(See p. 30 for requirements)DR. CLAYTON J. DREES, Program CoordinatorINTERDIVISIONAL MAJOR-PRESCRIBEDDR. DEBORAH E. OTIS, Program CoordinatorThe Prescribed Interdivisional Major (PIDM) is a majorthat can be used by students seeking teacher certification inthe areas of Elementary Education (preK-6), ElementaryEducation with Middle Education Add-On (preK-6 and6-8), Middle Education (6-8), and Special Education:General Curriculum (K-12). The courses identified belowmeet the teacher competencies as required by theCommonwealth of Virginia.Major RequirementsCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLEDIVISION OF HUMANITIES (15 hrs)ENG 222Modern English GrammarENG 315Experience of PoetryENG 317Children’s LiteratureFirst upper-level course: No ENGor HISTSecond upper-level course: No ENGor HISTSEM.HRS.DIVISION OF SOCIAL SCIENCES (21 hrs)GEOG 111Physical Geography 333333HIST 111World History to A.D. 1600HIST 113History of U.S. to 1877HIST 114American History Since 1877HIST 300/400 elective 3MBE 1003Introduction to EconomicsOne of the following:POLS 307The Presidency & American PoliticsPOLS 335 3American GovernmentPOLS 337American Legislative ProcessDIVISION OF NATURAL SCIENCES& MATHEMATICS (16 hrs)MATH 1063StatisticsMATH 1253Mathematics in Western CulturePHSC 1003Introduction to Physical ScienceBIO 100World of Biology 3One of the following:EES 130Physical Geology 3EES 132Environmental GeologyOne of the following laboratory courses:BIO 101World of Biology LaboratoryEES 131Physical Geology Laboratory 1EES 133Environmental Geology LaboratoryPHSC 101Introduction to Physical ScienceLaboratory333TOTAL 52INTERNATIONAL STUDIESThe International Studies major offers students theopportunity to explore the world and its cultures bothinside and outside the classroom. The program is rooted inthe liberal arts and emphasizes an interdisciplinaryapproach that teaches students critical thinking in a variety

INTERNATIONAL STUDIES119of fields, including international business, internationalpolicy, and cultural studies. The flexible academic programoffers students the opportunity to customize theireducation to suit their own interests. Classroomexperience is supplemented by both long-term and shorttermstudy abroad, as well as internship opportunities,bridging classroom knowledge with real-life internationalexperiences.The major consists of a minimum of 54 semester hours,of which at least 18 must be at the 300 or 400 level.Major RequirementsCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLESEM.HRS.POLS 1033Global RealitiesPOLS 2103International RelationsPOLS 4343Political Theory: ModernHIST 1123World History: The Modern EraOne of the following:PHIL 372Beyond the Western Tradition 3PHIL 392Alternative FuturesOne of the following:MBE 100Introduction to EconomicsMBE 201Introduction to Macroeconomics3MBE 202Introduction to Microeconomics(Note: Students selecting the InternationalBusiness track must take either MBE 201or MBE 202.)One of the following:SOC 110Cultural Anthropology 3-4RELST 116World ReligionsTwo foreign language courses at the6300 level in the same language.Number of credit hours at the lower level 15-16Number of credit hours at the upper level 12Complete one of the following tracks:International BusinessInternational PoliticsInternational Cultural Studies15Individualized International Studies(either Internship or Study Abroad)TOTAL HOURSwithout Internship/Study Abroad1242-43TOTAL HOURSwith Internship/Study Abroad 54-55International Business TrackCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLEOne of the following (in additionto core requirement):MBE 201MBE 202SEM.HRS.MBE 332 3MBE 333 3Two of the following:FR 333GER 333HIST 212, 219, 224, 235, 237, 250, 262,305, 328, 347, 348, 433 6INST 315MBE 101, 305, 311POLS 206, 220, 250, 302, 315, 316, 317,318, 320, 321, 328, 329, 338, 353SPAN 3333TOTAL 15Number of semester hours at the lower level 3-9Number of semester hours at the upper level 6-12International Cultural Studies TrackCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLESEM.HRS.SOC 230 3PSY 245 3One 300-level French, German, or Spanishliterature course (Note: requires FR, GER, 3PSY 245 or SPAN 306, or consent)Two of the following (Note: must includeat least one 300-level course)ARTH 232, 233, 351ENG 265, 280, 281, 314, 357FR 313, 314, 315, 316, 327, 329, 400GER 307, 313, 314, 315, 316, 325,326, 329, 340, 430HIST 219, 231, 235, 237, 246, 262, 305, 6347, 348, 353, 415, 433, 451PHIL 353, 372MUS 200, 313, 314See continuation of choices next page

120 MANAGEMENT/BUSINESS/ECONOMICSChart continued from previous pagePOLS 202, 206, 220, 238, 302, 315, 316, 317,318, 320, 321, 328, 329, 338, 380, 465SPAN 210, 213, 310, 311, 312, 316,317, 318, 321, 344/444, 350, 420, 422TH 301, 302, 380TOTAL 15Number of semester hours at the lower level 6Number of semester hours at the upper level 6-9International Politics TrackCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLESEM.HRS.HIST 328 3POLS 360POLS 440OR 3Two of the following: POLS 250, 265, 315, 316,317, 318, 320, 321, 328, 329, 338, 353, 380, 4656One of the following:HIST 212, 219, 224, 231, 235, 237, 246, 250,262, 305, 346, 347, 348, 433, 451MBE 332, 3333PHIL 353, 372SOC 230, 314, 334TOTAL 15Number of semester hours at the lower level 3-9Number of semester hours at the upper level 6-15JOURNALISM(See Communication/Journalism)LIBERAL STUDIESDR. WILLIAM A. GIBSON, Program CoordinatorThe Liberal Studies Program is an interdisciplinarymajor based on the College’s general studies curriculum,and enables the student to acquire a more advancedunderstanding of each of the General Studies ConceptualAreas. Each student will choose one of the conceptual areasto be the focus of the major, and will participate in a juniorseminar which will emphasize the connections among thecourses. Coursework beyond the general studies requirementsincludes: two additional courses in each of the sixconceptual areas; four additional upper-level courses in theconceptual area chosen as the focus of the major; a juniorseminar and a minimum of 30 semester hours beyond thegeneral studies requirements in upper-level courses(300-400 level). At least four different disciplines should berepresented in courses taken in the focus area.Major RequirementsCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLESEM.HRS.Two Empirics courses 6Two Aesthetics courses 6Two Ethical Values courses 6Two Historical courses 6Two Communications courses 6Two Systems courses 6Four additional courses takenin the focus area12INST 310Junior Liberal Studies Seminar1TOTAL 49MANAGEMENT/BUSINESS/ECONOMICSDR. KEVIN M. ADAMS (adjunct)DR. ROBERT B. ALBERTSONMS. ELAINE E. DESSOUKIDR. PAUL L. EWELLDR. LINDA A. FERGUSONMR. DAVID G. GARRATY, Program CoordinatorDR. CHEUL W. KANGDR. EHSAN S. SALEKMR. FREDRICK B. WEISSThe Department of Management/Business/Economics(MBE) believes that the qualities most needed inmanagement are those facilitated by a strong foundation ofliberal education. To that end, the following interdisciplinaryprogram is offered.The Liberal Arts Management ProgramThe Liberal Arts Management Program (LAMP) isspecifically designed for students wishing to acquire skillsand knowledge to prepare them for leadership andmanagement positions in commercial, charitable, or publicorganizations.A major in this area is versatile. Students can obtainpreparation that leads to graduate programs in such areas aseconomics, accounting, business administration, publicadministration, and hospital or health administration.Additionally, students can develop individualized areas ofconcentration in conjunction with their faculty adviserwhich can enhance preparation for careers in personnel

MANAGEMENT/BUSINES/ECONOMICS121management, marketing management, advertising, publicrelations, retailing, banking, sales, civil service, industrialmanagement and accounting.The College currently offers all of the courses requiredto sit for the Certified Public Accountant and CertifiedManagement Accounting examinations. To sit for the CPAexam requires 150 hours of coursework, and studentsinterested in sitting for the exam should seek eitherProfessor Weiss, Dessouki, or Albertson as an adviser earlyin their academic careers. Students seeking accountingcertification should plan on taking Accounting I and IItheir freshman year as well as taking some summer courses,and should be careful of the “54-hour rule.”LAMP will provide two basic integrations. One will bethe integration of other academic areas into theunderstanding of commercial activity and managementconcepts. This area will draw largely on the quantitativeskills of mathematics, the creative skills of art and theatre,the human relations skills of sociology and psychology, andthe insightful perspectives on mankind of the humanitiesand history. The second integration will be theoreticalconcepts with practical application. This will take place notonly within the classroom courses as much as possible, butwill also be facilitated by practical experiences such asspecial term projects and internships.Statement of PurposeThe general goals of the MBE department are tosupport the skills, knowledge, and attitudes expected froma liberal arts higher education, and to develop in students inthis major the skills and knowledge generally considerednecessary as a foundation for entry-level leadership andmanagement positions in commercial, non-profit, or publicorganizations. This is to be done within an environmentwhich affirms the free exchange of ideas, values intellectualeffort, encourages close student-faculty relationships byproviding small classes, allows flexible curriculum options,and seeks to constantly improve through the efforts of allparticipants.Major RequirementsCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLESEM.HRS.Management Core:minimum of 30 semester hoursMBE 101Introduction to Business 3(recommended, but not required)MBE 1123Problem Solving and Decision MakingMBE 2013Introductory MacroeconomicsMBE 2023Introductory MicroeconomicsMBE 2033Accounting IMBE 204Accounting IIISP 101Fundamentals of Information SystemsMBE 301Principles of ManagementMBE 316Marketing PrinciplesMBE 322Financial ManagementMBE 400Seminar in Managerial EthicsAllied Group: 18-19 semester hoursIntroductory Sociology:One of the following: 3SOC 100, 110, or 188Introductory Psychology:One of the following: 3PSY 201, 255, or 266Statistics:MATH 106 or 226 3Environment: One of the following:BIO 150 and 151, 207, 250,EES 132 and 133, 200, 210, 250, 320, 3-4ENVS 106, 400, 480, INST 180,PHIL 304, POLS 326, PSYC 445Oral communications: COMM 222,325 or PSY 324; if the latter is chosen,3then it cannot also be used for thefollowing “Organizations” requirementsOrganizations: One of the following:COMM 325, INST 315, POLS 343,373, PSY 322, 324, SOC 303, 305, 327 3SENIOR SYNTHESIS:Choose either A or B below:A. SENIOR COURSE CONCENTRATION:12 semester hours.Choose a “Career Concentration” in one of thefollowing: International Business, Marketing-Advertising-Public Relations, Human ResourceManagement, Public Administration, Accounting& Finance, Information Systems, or GeneralChoose an MBE 300- or 400-level coursein consultation with your adviser related 3to your choice of concentrationChoose two additional 300- or 400-level6courses in consultation with your adviserSee continuation of choices next page333333

122 MANAGEMENT/BUSINESS/ECONOMICSChart continued from previous pageMBE 406, 407 or 408Senior SeminarORMBE 491 3Independent Integrated Studyin ManagementB. INTERNSHIP: 18 semester hours.Must make successful application in springsemester of junior year for the springsemester senior year experience.MBE 4143Internship Exploration and DesignMBE 41612Management InternshipMBE 4173Internship SeminarMinor Requirements: BusinessTOTAL 54-63COURSE NUMBER AND TITLE(See p. 31 for general minor requirements)MBE 101Introduction to BusinessMBE 201Introduction to MacroeconomicsMBE 202Introduction to MicroeconomicsMBE 203Accounting IMBE 204Accounting IIMBE 301Principles of ManagementMBE 316MarketingOne additional 300-levelcourse in MBEORINST 315Managing Diversity in OrganizationsSEM.HRS.33333333TOTAL 24INFORMATION SYSTEMS COURSES(ISP)101 Fundamentals of Information Systems (3)Introduces students to the fundamental principles andpractices of utilizing information systems to help organizationsachieve their goals and carry out their missions. Whilethe course serves as the introductory course in theInformation Systems Program curriculum, it is a suitableelective for any student interested in being exposed tofundamental principles of information systems. To be ableto apply those principles, students should have a workingknowledge of computer applications such as those bundledin Microsoft Office or WordPerfect Office (word processing,spreadsheets, presentation graphics, e-mail) as well asInternet utilization. Offered each semester.105 Information Systems andComputer Applications (3)Students explore current topics in the field of computerscience/information systems beyond the introductory levelcovered in CS 100, including computer networks, effectiveuse of the Internet, and ethical and legal issues related to theuse of information technology. Students learn to use themore advanced features of software applications such asword processing, spreadsheet, database, and presentationprograms. Offered intermittently.MANAGEMENT/BUSINESS/ECONOMICS COURSES (MBE)100 Introduction to Economics (3)Designed to provide students with a solid foundation infundamental economic literacy and reasoning. Topicsinclude scarcity, incentives, and choice; resource allocation;exchange, competition, and markets; economic efficiency;investment, production, and income; money, interest rates,and GDP; business cycles and governmental policies.Emphasis is placed on active learning and current economicissues and problems. Offered each spring.101 Introduction to Business (3)A general survey course designed for the student whodesires information about commercial activities to build abasic foundation for more advanced courses, to decide onan academic major, or to complement his/her presentmajor. Offered each semester.106 Economics and the Environment (3)(Winter Session)Introduces students to the workings of a marketeconomy in order to allow an examination of the economicforces that lead to environmental problems. Additionally,harnessing economic forces to both prevent and solveenvironmental problems is examined in the context ofcurrent regulatory approaches to dealing withenvironmental issues. Field trips are conducted in order todemonstrate real-world application of course concepts.Prerequisite: None. Offered in selected Winter Sessions.111 Global Commerce (3)(Winter Session)Introduces the opportunities and constraints posed bythe ever-expanding global trade environment. It provides anoverview of the concerns that may impact the modernmanager in many organizations. Concepts such asmultinational trade, trading blocs such as NAFTA, legalissues involved in international commerce, as well as the

MANAGEMENT/BUSINESS/ECONOMICS123importance of cultural/regional characteristics arepresented. Through active involvement and outside-theclassroomresearch, observation, and study, the student isencouraged to examine a wide range of issues as they relateto global commerce, including transnational transactions,communications, and transportation. Travel courserepeatable for additional credit. Prerequisite: a validpassport. Offered in selected Winter Sessions.112 Problem Solving & Decision Making (3)Designed to provide the basic skills of management, thecourse is valuable in improving thinking skills regardless ofone’s academic major. It examines various methods ofproblem solving and decision making, progressing fromsimple decisions under certainty to complex decisionsunder uncertainty. Both quantitative and creative methodswill be used. No prerequisites, but students should havegood math (at elementary algebra level) and English skills(beyond 105 level). Offered each semester.201 Introduction to Macroeconomics (3)Deals with understanding contemporary economicsystems and the analysis necessary to achieve the “economicway of thinking.” Prerequisite: elementary algebra skills(MATH 105 or equivalent placement test results) andsophomore status or above. Offered each fall.202 Introduction to Microeconomics (3)The second semester of this two-part course deals withunderstanding and applying the tools of micro-economicanalysis to contemporary profit or non-profit organizations.Prerequisite: MBE 201. Offered each spring.203 Accounting I (3)A study of the basic principles and systems of accountsthat underlie financial reporting. Heavy emphasis is placedon actual bookkeeping to relate concepts. Requires mathcompetency in basic addition, subtraction, multiplication,division, percentages, and ratios. Offered each fall.204 Accounting II (3)The second semester of this two-part course deals withthe collection of accounting data to prepare financialreports for management use in planning and controlling.Prerequisite: MBE 203. Offered each spring.216 Taxation (3)A study of the tax environment and the codes,regulations, and court decisions as they relate to income taxproblems of individuals, including tax preparation and taxresearch. Prerequisite: sophomore status or above. Offeredeach fall.301 Principles of Management (3) WThe study of the art and science of management inrelation to the functions of planning, organizing, directing,controlling. Heavy emphasis is given to learning throughboth in-class and out-of-class group experiences, withsubstantial writing about such experiences. Prerequisites:completion of all required freshman and sophomore-levelMBE courses or consent. Offered each semester.303 Financial Accounting Theory I (3)A study of the theory and application of generallyaccepted accounting principles. The emphasis is onfinancial statement presentation, current assets andliabilities, intangible assets, and operational assets.Prerequisites: MBE 203, 204. Offered fall of evennumberedyears.304 Financial Accounting Theory II (3)A continuation of MBE 303. The emphasis is oncorporate equity accounts, long-term investments andliabilities, cash flows, pension costs, current valueaccounting, and foreign currency transactions.Prerequisites: MBE 203, 204, 303. Offered spring of oddnumberedyears.305 International Accounting Theory (3)Concentrates on accounting for firms engaged ininternational commerce: translation of foreign currencyfinancial statements, and for branches, subsidiaries,mergers, acquisitions, and divestitures of multinationalcorporations. Prerequisites: MBE 203 and 204. Offeredspring of odd-numbered years.306 Business Law (3)A study of contract law and the Uniform CommercialCode. Prerequisites: MBE 101 or 201, and junior/seniorstatus. Offered spring of even-numbered years.310 Money, Banking, & Financial Institutions (3)The basics of monetary policy in terms of public policy.Study of Federal Reserve System, commercial bank lending,investments, money, and capital markets. Prerequisites:MBE 201 and 202. Offered each fall.316 Marketing Principles (3)Builds upon the analytical and communication skillsgained in lower-level courses. The student gains anunderstanding of products and services, channels of distribution,pricing strategies, and elements of promotion.Prerequisites: MBE 201 and 202, and junior status orconsent. Offered each semester.317 Advanced Taxation (3)Continues the study of taxation of individuals,partnerships, and corporations. Topics include advancedtopics in individual taxation; business taxation, includingsale and exchange transactions, the determination of taxableincome, and distributions; and property transactions.Prerequisite: MBE 216. Offered intermittently.

124 MANAGEMENT/BUSINESS/ECONOMICS322 Financial Management (3)The study of determining in what assets a firm shouldinvest and determining what sources of funding areappropriate. Mathematical analysis of operating andfinancial leverage, the cost of capital, management ofworking capital, and sources of money and capital.Prerequisites: MBE 112, 201-204, and MATH 106.Offered each semester.324 Human Resource Management (3) WAn in-depth study of why people work and how to assisttheir development. Topics include manpower planning,selection, performance appraisal, compensation, discipline,and policy issues. Strong behavioral science approach.Suggested precourse: SOC 303 or 305, PSY 255 or 322.Prerequisite: MBE 301 or consent. Offered spring ofeven-numbered years.330 History of Economic Thought (3) (H) WAn introductory course focusing on the development ofeconomic thought from Adam Smith up to the present.Emphasis is on the correlation between successive stages ofgrowth in economic theory. Writers covered will includeSmith, Ricardo, Malthus, Marx, Marshall, Keynes,Galbraith, and Friedman. Prerequisite: MBE 201 and 202.Offered intermittently.331 Managerial Economics (3)Emphasizes business applications of micro-economictools and concepts. Includes analysis of demand, cost,production functions, and alternative pricing theories.Prerequisite: MBE 201 and 202 and MATH 106. Offeredintermittently.332 Economic Development (3) (S) WIntroduces the student to the major problems and issuesin economic development and the economies of lessdeveloped countries with respect to achieving social andeconomic goals. Prerequisites: MBE 201 and 202. Offeredspring of odd-numbered years.333 International Business (3) (S) WFocuses on the increasing degree of international tradeand multinational corporations. Analyzes internationalexchange, marketing, and personnel policies. Prerequisites:MBE 201 and 202. Offered each fall.334 Economic Modeling and Forecasting (3) (E)An applications-oriented course which gives thequantitatively competent student experience in datacollection and analysis with the use of computer statisticalprograms. A review of basic statistics precedes developmentof the bivariate regression model. Additional topics mayinclude multiple regression, serial correlation,multicollinearity, and dummy variables. Prerequisites: MBE201 and 202, MATH 106, or consent. Offeredintermittently.335 Accounting Information Systems (3)(Winter Session)Allows the student to develop a conceptual frameworkfor the development, implementation, and evaluation of anaccounting information system. Primary topics includesystem understanding and documentation, risk analysis,and typical accounting transaction cycles. The labexperience provides application of system concepts topopular software applications. Prerequisite: MBE 203.Offered in selected Winter Sessions.340 Forensic Accounting (3)A study of the accounting methods used in solvingeconomic-based crimes. The course includes the discussionof criminal statues relating to financial crimes, fraudinvestigation and prevention, techniques used in solvingfinancial crimes, and current issues in financialinvestigation. Prerequisite: MBE 203. Offered spring ofeven-numbered years.343 Government & Not-for-Profit Accounting (3)A study of appropriate accounting for such entities asgovernments, colleges, churches, hospitals, charities, andclubs. Prerequisite: MBE 203. Offered spring of evennumberedyears.345 Managerial Cost Accounting (3)The study of cost accounting, budget analysis, and otheradvanced concepts used by manufacturers and other largebusinesses or non-profit organizations. Prerequisites: MBE203 and 204. Offered fall of odd-numbered years.348 Marketing Management:Integrated Marketing Communications (3)An advanced marketing course designed to give studentsthe opportunity to apply principles learned in earliermarketing and communications courses through thedevelopment of a marketing plan. Prerequisite: MBE 316 orconsent. Offered spring of odd-numbered years.355 Auditing (3) WA study of the theory and procedure of public auditingand internal auditing from the standpoint of professionalethics, auditors’ legal responsibilities, detection and controlof fraud, client relationships, standards of reporting, andmanagement advisory services. Prerequisites: MBE 203,204. Offered fall of even-numbered years.373 Conflict Management (3) (S) WIdentical to CJ 373 and POLS 373.390 Field Experience in Management (3)Offers students an opportunity to participate in aNON-PAID work and learning experience in a formalorganization to apply knowledge and skills gained in theclassroom, to interact with professionals in a given field, tointegrate information and practice, and assess choices ofareas of concentration. The student may register for it

MANAGEMENT/BUSINESS/ECONOMICS125during the junior or senior year. All work experiences arereviewed by the department. Either during earlyregistration or the week prior to the semester, studentsshould consult with the instructor regarding establishingtheir own working site or deciding from among thoseavailable. A minimum of 100 hours of field work isrequired for the semester, plus weekly meetings on anindividual basis with the instructor, and monthly meetingsfor discussion by all students enrolled, and preparation of aportfolio of their experiences and the learning derivedtherefrom. Pass/fail grading. Prerequisites: junior status;2.5 GPA; MBE 301 or 316 or 322 preferably takenconcurrently; consent. Offered each semester.400 Seminar in Managerial Ethics (3) WA course to assist students to construct for themselves aconceptual framework for examining and making decisionsabout ethical practices in managing organizations. Learningstrategies include self-evaluation exercises, class discussions,readings on ethical frameworks and applying them to cases,analytical issue papers, and oral reports. Prerequisites: MBE301, 316, 322, senior status or consent. Offered eachsemester.401 Management in Literature (3)Students read excerpts from and entire works of “greatworks” of literature. Through both class discussions andresearch papers, students reflect upon how the ideaspresented in such works are useful to effective managementfunctions, roles and ethical leadership practices. Some ofthe works to be read include The Iliad, Henry IV andHenry V, Billy Budd, Heart of Darkness, The Autobiographyof Malcolm X, plus selected writings of Plutarch,Herodotus, Thucydides, and Mahatma Ghandi. Filmreproductions/recreations of some of these works/personswill be shown. Prerequisite: MBE 301. Offeredintermittently.406 Senior Seminar:Management Strategy (3)(I) WCenters around the theme that a company achievessustained success if and only if its managers (1) have anastute, timely strategic game plan for running the company,and (2) implement and execute the plan with proficiency.This case-orientated course explains how and why a wellconceived,well-excuted strategy nearly always enhances acompany’s long-term performance. Prerequisites: seniorstatus, MBE 301, 316, 322, 400 and all other generalstudies requirements completed at least concurrently.Offered each semester.407 Senior Seminar: SmallBusiness Planning (3)(I) WBy preparing a comprehensive business plan, studentssharpen their understanding of management, integratestrategic thinking with operational constraints, and explorethe role of small business in the American economy.Emphasis is on synthesizing knowlege and skills gained inprevious courses. Prerequisites: senior status, MBE 301,316, 322, 400 and all other general studies requirementscompleted at least concurrently. Offered intermittently.408 Senior Seminar:Comparative Economic Systems (3) (I)Students engage in an in-depth, integrated study of thedevelopment and functioning of the American economicsystem compared with that of other countries. Prerequisites:senior status, MBE 301, 316, 322, 400 and all other generalstudies requirements completed at least concurrently.Offered intermittently.414 Internship Exploration & Design (3)Designed to educate the student (who hopes to takeMBE 416/417 the following semester) in how to find,design, and maximize independent learning in aninternship. A major outcome is the negotiation of alearning plan agreement with a sponsoring organization.Prerequisites: LAMP major with a B (3.0 GPA) or better, allrequired major and general studies courses completed atleast concurrently, a minimum 50-page autobiographycompleted during the summer and ready for submission atthe first class; application to be made no later than advanceregistration in the previous spring semester. Offered eachfall.416 Management Internship (12)Students implement their work-and-learning agreementdevised in MBE 414 for full-time placement (16 weeks or aminimum of 600 total hours) as a pre-professional in theirsponsoring organization, where they gain practicalexperience in the application of previously acquiredknowledge and managerial skills. Students self-evaluate andare evaluated by their organizational supervisor. Pass/failgrading. Prerequisite: MBE 414; must co-register withMBE 417. Offered each spring.417 Internship Seminar (3) (I)Offered concurrently with the internship. Intended toenhance academic learning and to provide integration ofgeneral studies knowledge (particularly that of ethicalanalysis and action) and management theory and principleswith the experiential learning undertaken in MBE 416.Involves weekly written reports, oral reports, readings intexts and internship-related periodicals, and a majorintegrative paper as the culminating academic experience.Prerequisite: MBE 414; must co-register with MBE 416.Offered each spring.490 Independent Study in Management (1-6)Designed to allow students to undertake an experiencebasedproject and/or to do specific reading, research, andreport writing on a topic in management not coveredthrough the regular curriculum. To be taken only uponapproval of a supervising professor within the department.Applications must be made no later than the end of thepreceding semester. Credit: one—three semester hours persemester; may be repeated for up to a maximum of sixsemester hours. Offered on demand, but preferably duringthe summer.

126 MATHEMATICS/COMPUTER SCIENCE491 Independent Integrated Studyin Management (3)Has the same design purpose and application procedureas MBE 490, but with the further requirements that (1) itmust be taken for three semester hours, and (2) the enrolledstudent must bring synthesis to the particular area of study(and the process of learning) chosen. This synthesis will bea paper putting the particular study into the context ofhistorical perspective, world-view or paradigm perspective,the technological (empirical) perspective (includingcommunications) and its consequences for the cultural orinstitutional system. Offered on demand, but preferablyduring the summer.MATHEMATICS/COMPUTER SCIENCEMRS. KATHY R. AMES, (adjunct)DR. LYDIA KENNEDYDR. DANTE V. MANNADR. MARGARET REESEDR. Z. JOHN WANGMS. DENISE POCTA WILKINSON, Program CoordinatorMission StatementTo think mathematically and to understand the rolemathematics plays in human enterprise are characteristicsof liberally educated people. Mathematics contributes twoof the seven original liberal arts. Its inherent beauty, itssearch for pattern, form and irrefutable truth, and itsability to provide a language through which the naturalworld can be described are examples of its power.Mathematics, always a practical and useful art, beckons aswell as a path toward freedom of thought.The mission of the Mathematics/Computer Sciencedepartment is to provide an opportunity for all students togain computational dexterity, to understand the value ofmathematics as a human and social endeavor, and todevelop the power of mathematical reasoning, whilepromoting the rigorous reasoning skills that allow studentsto investigate the interplay between the abstract and theconcrete. The mission of the department with respect tocomputer science is to provide basic instruction in end-userskills for all students and in-depth instruction in theory andapplications for both mathematics and computer sciencemajors. One goal of the department with respect to theeducation department is to enable our students to passrequired PRAXIS exams related to mathematics.The department has two majors: Mathematics andComputer Science. Within each, students may choosebetween a theoretical emphasis or one which is moreapplied. Students are encouraged to take advanced coursesin both mathematics and computer science.The department, in conjunction with the VWCEducation Department, has created four-year programswhich meet the Virginia Standards of Education 2000 forteaching certification at the primary, middle school andsecondary levels.Major Requirements: MathematicsCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLESEM.HRS.MATH 1713Calculus IMATH 1723Calculus IIMATH 2053Discrete MathematicsMATH 2173Linear AlgebraMATH 2263Introduction to Statistical ModelsMATH 3033Multivariable CalculusMATH 3173Algebraic StructuresMATH 3233Real AnalysisMATH 4871Mathematics Senior SeminarThree of the following:MATH 315Ordinary Differential EquationsMATH 316ProbabilityMATH 340Modern Geometries 9MATH/CS 350Numerical MethodsMATH 480Advanced Topics in MathematicsMATH 489Research in MathematicsAdditional required coursesCS 112Computer Programming I3PHYS 221Physics (for BA option)4PHYS 221-222Physics (for BS option)8ScienceBS option–2 additional 8approved science coursesTOTAL 41-53See continuation of choices next page

MATHEMATICS/COMPUTER SCIENCE127Chart continued from previous pageREQUIRED FOR SECONDARYEDUCATION CERTIFICATIONMATH 340Modern Geometries(counts as one of the 3 electives)MATH 300Teaching Assistants’ ProgramPass PRAXIS IIREQUIRED MATH COURSES FORMIDDLE SCHOOL CERTIFICATIONMATH 104Algebra and its Applications OR3MATH 105College AlgebraMATH 106StatisticsOR3MATH 226Introduction To Statistical ModelingMATH 1353Calculus with Review IMATH 1253Principles of MathematicsMATH 171Calculus IOR3MATH 136Calculus with Review IMATH 172Calculus II 3MATH 2053Discrete MathematicsMATH 3001Teaching AssistantshipA 2.0 GPA average is required for all of themathematics courses listed above.Also recommended:MATH 217Linear Algebra 0-6CS 110Introduction to Programmingwith visual in BASICTOTAL 22-28Major Requirements: Computer ScienceREQUIRED COURSES FOR THE COMPUTERSCIENCE MAJOR WITH A CONCENTRATION INCOMPUTER SCIENCE (BACHELOR OF ARTS)concentration in computer Science BachCOURSE SEM.COURSE NUMBER AND TITLEHRS.CS 112 and 212Computer Programming I & II6CS 2023Introduction to OOP and JavaMATH/CS 2053Discrete MathematicsCS 3103Introduction to Computer SystemsCS 311Data Structures 3MATH 171Calculus IOR3MATH 136Calculus with Review IIMATH 1723Calculus IIMATH 2173Linear AlgebraPHY 2214PhysicsFour of the following:MATH/CS 350Numerical MethodsCS 332Data Communications and NetworksCS 380Programming LanguagesCS 411Introduction To Algorithms12CS 430Database Management Systems DesignCS 440Operating SystemsCS 480Advanced Topics in Computer ScienceCS 489Research in the Natural orMathematical SciencesTOTAL 43**Currently the Commonwealth of Virginia does not offer asecondary endorsement area in computer science. However,a student who majors in computer science may choose toseek secondary certification in mathematics by following therequirements for the mathematics major.See continuation of choices next page

128 MATHEMATICS/COMPUTER SCIENCEChart continued from previous pageREQUIRED COURSES FOR THE COMPUTERSCIENCE MAJOR WITH A CONCENTRATIONIN COMPUTER INFORMATION SYSTEMS(BACHELOR OF ARTS)COURSE NUMBER AND TITLESEM.HRS.CS 112Computer Programming I3CS 2123Computer Programming IICS 2023Introduction to OOP and JavaCS 3103Introduction to Computer SystemsCS 3113Data StructuresMBE 2033Accounting IISP 105Information Systems &Computer Applications OR 3CS 110Intro to Programming w/Visual BasicTwo of the following:MATH 106StatisticsMATH 226 6Intro to Statistical ModelingOther 200/300/400 math courses inconsultation with adviserTwo of the following:INST 300Intro to Geographic Information SystemsINST 470Dev. in Science & TechnologyMBE 301Principles of Management6MBE 316Marketing PrinciplesMBE 322Financial ManagementMBE 335Accounting Information SystemsOther 300/400 MBE courses inconsultation with adviserThree of the following:CS 331Systems Analysis & DesignCS 332Data Communications & NetworksCS 380Programming LanguagesCS 430Database Management Systems DesignCS 440Operating SystemsCS 489Research in the Natural orMathematical SciencesOther 300/400 CS courses inconsultation with adviserMinor Requirements: Mathematics9TOTAL 42COURSE NUMBER AND TITLE(See p. 31 for general minor requirements)SEM.HRS.MATH 1713Calculus IMATH 1723Calculus IIMATH 2173Linear AlgebraMATH 2263Introduction to Statistical ModelingThree of the following:MATH 303Multivariable CalculusMATH 315Ordinary Differential EquationsMATH 316ProbabilityMATH 317Introduction to Algebraic StructuresMATH 323 9Introduction to Real AnalysisMATH 340Modern GeometriesMATH/CS 350Numerical MethodsMATH 480Advanced Topics in MathematicsMATH 489Research in MathematicsOne additional from above orfrom the following:CS 110Introduction to Programming withvisual in BASIC3CS 202Introduction To OOP and JavaSee continuation of choices next page

MATHEMATICS/COMPUTER SCIENCE129Chart continued from previous pageCS 207Computer Programming IMATH 226Introduction to Statistical ModelingTOTAL 18Minor Requirements: Computer ScienceCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLE(See p. 31 for general minor requirements)SEM.HRS.CS 112 and 2126Computer Programming ICS 2023Introduction to OOP and JavaThree of the following:CS 310Introduction to Computer SystemsCS 311Data StructuresCS 331Systems Analysis and DesignCS 332Data Communications and NetworksMATH/CS 350Numerical MethodsCS 380 9Programming LanguagesCS 430Database Management Systems DesignCS 440Operating SystemsCS 480Advanced Topics in Computer ScienceCS 489Research in the Natural orMathematical SciencesOther 300/400 level CS coursesin consultation with advisersTOTAL 18COMPUTER SCIENCE COURSES (CS)100 Computer Concepts and Applications (3)In this survey of computer concepts and applications,topics include the historical development and future of thecomputer, applications software including word processors,spreadsheets, database, and presentation software; web pagedevelopment and programming using HTML; and thesocial concerns that have arisen with the widespread use ofthe computer. Prerequisite: MATH 105 placement orconsent. Offered each semester.110 Introduction to Programming withVisual BASIC (3)The Visual BASIC programming language is used inthis introductory programming course. Topics include theprogram development process, structured programming,data types, assignment, selection, looping, subroutines,one-dimensional arrays, files, and random numbers.Prerequisite: MATH 105 (grade of C- or better) orplacement. Offered on demand.112 Computer Programming I (3)The C++ language is introduced and used for allprograms. Topics include the program developmentprocess, structured programming, data types, assignment,selection, looping, functions, files, and arrays. Prerequisite:MATH 105 (grade of C or better), placement, or consent.Offered each fall.202 Introduction to Object-OrientedProgramming and Java (3)Introduces the basic concepts and techniques to Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) with Java. Topics includeOOP concepts, data types, syntax, control/loop structuresand objects. Students use OOP to solve practical problemsand develop the potential to learn other OOP languages.Prerequisite: grade of C or better in MATH 135 or consent.Offered each spring.205 Discrete Mathematics (3)Identical to MATH 205.212 Computer Programming II (3)A continuation of CS 112, topics include advancedprogramming design in user-defined data types, arrays,structures, pointers, array-based lists, binary searching,recursion, and introduction to object-orientedprogramming techniques. Prerequisite: CS 112 or consent.Offered each spring.310 Introduction to Computer Systems (3)Introduces the basic concepts of computer organizationand assembly language. Specific topics include CPU andmemory organization, machine language, addressingtechniques, macros, program segmentation and linkage,and assembler construction. This course satisfies the oralcompetency requirement for computer science majors.Prerequisites: CS 202 or 212, or consent. Offered fall ofodd-numbered years.311 Data Structures (3)An introduction to commonly used computer datastructuring techniques. Topics include abstract data types,classes, queues, stacks, linked lists, algorithm analysis,sorting, searching, tree and graph. Prerequisites: CS 212, orconsent. Offered fall of even-numbered years.

130 MATHEMATICS/COMPUTER SCIENCE331 Systems Analysis and Design (3)Introduces the concepts, principles, and stages ofcomputer-based information systems analysis and design.Topics include the system development environment,project management, system requirements definition,interface and structure design, and system implementationand administration. Prerequisite: CS 212 or consent.Offered on demand.332 Data Communications and Networks (3)Introduces the fundamental concepts, technologies, andapplications of computer networks. Topics include thebasics of data communications, network topologies,protocols, routing and switching, naming and addressing,and network operations. Prerequisite: CS 212 or consent.Offered on demand.350 Numerical Methods (3)Identical to MATH 350.380 Programming Languages (3)Beginning with a study of the historical development ofprogramming languages, students are introduced to thedecisions involved in the design and implementation ofsuch programming language features as elementary,structured, and user-defined data types, subprograms,sequence control, data control and storage management.Selected features of several existing languages are examinedin the context of these issues. Prerequisites: CS 202 and212, or consent. Offered on demand.411 Introduction to Algorithms (3)Introduces the fundamental computer algorithms, theirperformance analysis and the basic technique to designalgorithms. Topics include the standard algorithms andperformance analysis for search and sorting, advanced datastructures, graph theory, and algebraic computations.Students have the capability to design algorithms forsolving various computational problems. Prerequisite: CS311 and MATH 172 or consent. Offered on demand.430 Database Management Systems Design (3)Emphasizes the concepts and structures necessary todesign and implement database systems using a relationaldatabase management system. Various databasemanagement system architectures, illustrating hierarchical,network, and relational models are discussed. Physical datastorage techniques, file security, data integrity, and datanormalization are also explored. Prerequisite: CS 202 or212 or consent. Offered on demand.440 Operating Systems (3)The principles of operating systems are introduced withan emphasis on intrasystem communication. The conceptsand techniques necessary for understanding and designingthese systems are examined. Topics include I/O andinterrupt structure, concurrent processes, process scheduling,and memory management and protection. Prerequisite:CS 212 or consent. CS 310 is recommended. Offered ondemand.480 Advanced Topics in Computer Science (3)An in-depth study of an area of advanced computerscience. The specific content varies according to theinterests of students and the instructor. May be repeatedfor credit as the topic varies. Prerequisites: CS 212 andconsent.489 Research in the Naturalor Mathematical Sciences (3)Provides students with the opportunity to conductoriginal research in an area of interest. Students workclosely with one or more members of the faculty to developand conduct a research project. Students present theirfindings orally during the semester’s undergraduate researchsymposium and as a formal research paper. They areencouraged to present their findings at a conference.Prerequisite: junior/senior status and a major in computerscience, prior approval by the project adviser, and consentof the instructor. May be repeated once for a total of sixsemester hours of credit. Identical to BIO 489, CHEM489, and EES 489. Offered each semester.MATHEMATICS COURSES (MATH)005 Algebraic Preliminaries (0)*Basic computational and algebraic skills are developedin this non-credit class that allows students to strengthentheir understanding of fundamentals in preparation forcourses that involve more difficult quantitative concepts. Inparticular, students with very low mathematics placementscores must complete this course with a grade of C- orbetter before attempting MATH 104 or 105. Topicsinclude: operations on whole and signed numbers,fractions, decimals, exponents, variables, linear equations,and elementary problem solving. Traditional grading only.*While students receive no credit from this course, the coursegrade does count toward their overall grade point average (as ifthis were a three-semester-hour course). Prerequisite:placement or consent. Offered each semester.104 Algebra and its Applications (3)Presents topics in algebra, along with modern andpertinent applications of algebra and other mathematicalprocesses, through traditional methods and graphingcalculator methods. Topics include percentages, ratios,exponents, metric and American conversions, system ofequations, linear, quadratic and exponential functions andgraphs, permutations, combinations, and probability.Prerequisite: MATH 005 (grade of C- or better), placementor consent. Does not provide sufficient preparation forMATH 135. Must have a TI-83 or TI-84 graphingcalculator. Offered each semester.105 Algebra (3)Prepares students for any course which uses algebra.Topics include variables, word problems, exponents,factoring, rational and radical expressions, linear equationsin one or two variables, quadratic expressions, andfunctions. Prerequisites: MATH 005 (grade of C- or

MATHEMATICS/COMPUTER SCIENCE131better), placement or consent. Must have a TI-83 or TI-84graphing calculator. Offered each semester.106 Statistics (3)Introduces students in the behavioral, social, andnatural sciences to the basic statistical tools required toanalyze experimental data. Topics include frequency distributions,graphing techniques, measures of central tendencyand dispersion, the normal distribution, point estimation,hypothesis testing and confidence intervals. Prerequisites:MATH 104 or MATH 105 (grade of C- or better),placement, or consent. Must have a TI-83 or TI-84graphing calculator. Offered each spring.125 Principles of Mathematics (3)Introductory treatment of the nature of mathematicalknowledge, history of mathematics, geometry, elementarynumber theory, and basic trigonometry. Prerequisite:placement (equivalent to the current MATH 135placement), MATH 104 or MATH 105 (grade of C- orbetter). Offered each semester.135 Calculus with Review I (3)Calculus is the mathematical language for changingquantities. It consists of computational and graphical toolsfor analyzing the relationships between such quantities.Students learn the basic tools of calculus, why they work,and how to apply them in various contexts. Symbolic,graphical and numerical approaches are considered. Topicsinclude limits, derivatives, and applications. There issufficient coverage of functions and trigonometry tosupport the study of calculus and of other sciences. Thetwo-course sequence, MATH 135 and 136, is sufficientpreparation for MATH 172 Calculus 2. Prerequisite:MATH 105 (grade of C- or better), placement or consent.136 Calculus with Review II (3)A continuation of MATH 135. Topics includeapplications of derivatives, the Riemann integral, and theFundamental Theorem of Calculus. There is sufficientinstruction in advanced algebraic techniques to support thestudy of calculus. Prerequisite: MATH 135 (grade of C- orbetter), placement or consent.171 Calculus I (3)Calculus is the mathematical language used to describechanging quantities. It consists of computational andgraphical tools for analyzing the relationships between suchquantities. In this course, we learn the basic tools ofcalculus, why they work, and how to apply them in variouscontexts. Calculus I develops the differential calculusthrough symbolic, graphical and numerical approaches.Topics include differentiation of algebraic andtranscendental functions, applications in modeling andoptimization, and the Fundamental Theorem of calculus.Graphing calculator required. Prerequisite: placement orconsent. Offered each fall.172 Calculus II (3)A continuation of Calculus I. More advancedtechniques are studied and used to solve quantitativeproblems in various contexts. Topics include integrationtechniques, applications of definite integration, differentialequations and sequences and series. Graphing calculatorrequired. Prerequisite: placement, MATH 136 or 171(grade of C- or better), or consent. Offered each spring.205 Discrete Mathematics (3)The analysis of finite step-by-step processes. It developsreasoning skills, enhances software-writing abilities andintroduces elementary computer circuitry. Topics includeBoolean algebra, digital logic circuits, the nature of validargument, mathematical induction, recursive sequences,and counting techniques, including combinatoricsmethods. Many class examples will be drawn fromcomputer science. Prerequisite: MATH 135 (grade of C- orbetter), MATH 171 placement or consent. Identical to CS205. Offered each spring. Recommended spring freshmanyear.217 Linear Algebra (3)The study of linear equations in several variables.Students develop the theoretical structure underlyinganswers to the questions: When does a solution for a systemof linear equations exist? When is it unique? How do wefind it? How can we interpret it geometrically? Topicsinclude vectors spaces, linear independence, bases,dimension, transformations, matrices, determinants, andapplications. Prerequisite: MATH 172 or consent. Offeredeach fall.226 Introduction to Statistical Modeling (3)An introductory course in applied data analysis.Emphasis will be on interpretation of statistical measuresand procedures. Statistical software is used extensively foranalyzing real data sets from various contexts. Topicsinclude measures of location, dispersion, correlation,parametric and nonparametric tests, simple and multipleregression, and ANOVA. Prerequisite: MATH 106, 136 orconsent. Offered each spring.300 Teaching Assistants’ Program for Math (1)Designed to allow qualified students to assist mathinstructors in the teaching of their classes. AlthoughMATH 300 will prove to be useful for those studentsseeking secondary education certification, enrollment is notopen solely to them. Enrollment is by invitation of theMATH/CS department. A student may enroll for MATH300 more than once, but may apply no more than a total ofthree semester hours earned in this manner towardgraduation. This course cannot be used to satisfymathematics major or minor requirements, although onesemester hour of MATH 300 is required for secondaryeducation certification. Prerequisite: consent. Offered eachsemester.

132 MUSIC303 Multivariable Calculus (3)Topics include functions of several variables, curves,surfaces, partial differentiation, multiple integrals andvector analysis. Prerequisite: MATH 217 or PHYS 221 orconsent. Offered spring of even-numbered years.315 Ordinary Differential Equations (3)Explores the theory and applications of ordinarydifferential equations and their solutions. Topics includelinear and non-linear first order equations, higher orderlinear equations, series solutions, systems of linear differentialequations, Laplace transforms and numerical methods.Prerequisite and/or corequisite: MATH 217 or PHYS 221 orconsent. Offered on demand.316 Probability (3)The meaning, basic concepts, and applications ofprobability are explored. Topics include classical, empirical,subjective, and axiomatic probability, random variables,probability measures, distributions, density functions,expectation and standard deviation and their physicalinterpretation, conditional probability, independence,counting techniques, binomial, Poisson, and normaldistributions. Prerequisite: MATH/CS 205. MATH 172,and 303 are recommended. Offered on demand.317 Algebraic Structures (3)Introduces algebraic structures in modern algebra withparticular emphasis on groups and their properties. Thiscourse satisfies the oral competency requirement formathematics majors. Prerequisites: CS/MATH 205 andMATH 217. Offered spring of even-numbered years.323 Real Analysis (3) WA theoretical treatment of sets, relations, functions,numbers, inequalities, sequences, series, limits, and thederivative. Prerequisites: MATH 205 and one 300-levelmath course other than MATH 300. Offered fall of evennumberedyears.340 Modern Geometries (3)Explores Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometries. Thecultural impact of non-Euclidean geometries is discussed.Topics include geodesics, plane geometry, including non-Euclidean geometries, finite geometries, complex numbers,and geometric transformations. Prerequisites: MATH 205,217 or consent. Offered spring of odd-numbered years.350 Numerical Methods (3)Examines efficient methods used in solving numericalproblems with the aid of a computer. Topics includefloating point arithmetic, interpolation and approximation,integration, roots of nonlinear equations, ordinarydifferential equations, and systems of linear equations.Prerequisites: MATH 172 and CS 112. MATH 217 isrecommended. Identical to CS 350. Offered on demand.480 Advanced Topics in Mathematics (3)Enables students to explore areas of advancedmathematics which are otherwise not included in thecurriculum. Prerequisite: consent. Offered on demand.487 Mathematics Senior Seminar (1)Current journal articles in mathematics are read anddiscussed. Topics vary and may include problem solving.Pass/fail grading. Prerequisites: declared mathematicsmajor, senior status or consent. Offered each spring.489 Research in Mathematics (3)Provides students with the opportunity to conductoriginal research in an area of interest. Students workclosely with one or more members of the faculty to developand conduct a research project. Students present theirfindings orally during the semester’s undergraduate researchsymposium and as a formal research paper and areencouraged to present their findings at a conference.Prerequisites: junior/senior status, major in mathematics,prior approval by the project adviser, and consent. May berepeated once for a total of six semester hours. Identical toBIO 489, CHEM 489, and EES 489. Offered eachsemester.MUSICMS. SANDRA BILLY, Director, Center for Sacred MusicDR. R. DAVID CLAYTONMR. SAM DORSEY, Applied Music, Guitar (adjunct)MS. LEE JORDAN-ANDERS, Program CoordinatorMR. GEORGE STONE, Staff Accompanist, Piano (adjunct)MS. BILLYE BROWN YOUMANS, Applied Music,Voice (adjunct)Music is a unique expressive language, a special way ofknowing as essential to basic education as the mastery ofverbal and numerical skills. The study of this languageprovides individuals with personal fulfillment, enhancesand complements everyday life, and creates a windowthrough which the viewer can discover and experienceaesthetic beauty. The music department at VirginiaWesleyan provides a program of study that educates itslearners in a way that enables them to appreciate as well ascritically articulate their responses to this important part ofour culture. Virginia Wesleyan offers majors in appliedmusic and music in the liberal arts. The department alsooffers courses for the non-musician, the Virginia WesleyanCollege Concert Series, and a non-credit certificateprogram through the Center for Sacred Music, whichincludes an annual summer conference. The curriculumcan help prepare students for careers in private teaching,public school teaching, church music, music merchandising,arts management, music librarianship, or graduatestudies in music or humanities.

MUSIC133Major Requirements:Music with Applied Music trackCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLESEM.HRS.MUS 2254Intermediate Musicianship IMUS 2264Intermediate Musicianship IIMUS 3254Advanced Musicianship IMUS 3264Advanced Musicianship IIMUS 3133Music History IMUS 3143Music History IIMUS 4803Senior ProjectAPMU 3002Chamber MusicAPMU 133-494Applied Music Study (six hours must 10be at the 300 level or above)One of the following:MUS 100Introduction to ListeningMUS/ARTH 201Introduction to Music &3Art in the Western WorldMUS 310Topics in Sacred MusicOther major requirements:Piano proficiencyEnsemble participation eachsemester in residenceMajor Requirements:Music in the Liberal Arts trackCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLETOTAL 40SEM.HRS.MUS 100Introduction to Listening ORMUS/ARTH 201 3Introduction to Music andArt in the Western WorldMUS 1013Basic MusicianshipMUS 225/2268Intermediate Musicianship I & IIAPMUApplied music, two semesters private 4study on any instrumentSix courses at the 300-levelfrom the following:MUS 202/302Great ComposersMUS 250/350Music from the Baroque Era (1600 to 1750)MUS 251/351Music in the Classic Period (1750 to 1825)MUS 252/3521819th-Century MusicMUS 253/35320th-Century MusicMUS 310Sacred Music HistoryMUS 313/314Music History I & IIMUS 4803Senior ProjectMinor RequirementsTOTAL 39COURSE NUMBER AND TITLE(See p. 31 for general minor requirements)SEM.HRS.MUS 2254Intermediate Musicianship IMUS 2264Intermediate Musicianship IIAPMU 111College ChoirOR1-2APMU 300Chamber MusicAPMU 121-452Applied Music: Private Study (four8semesters on any instrument at2 semester hours)Three of the following:MUS 302Great ComposersMUS 310Topics in Sacred MusicMUS 313Music History IMUS 314Music History IIMUS 350Music from the Baroque Era (1600 to 1750) 9See continuation of choices next page

134 MUSICChart continued from previous pageMUS 351Music in the Classic Era (1750-1825)MUS 35219th-Century MusicMUS 35320th-Century MusicTOTAL 26-27MUSIC COURSES (MUS)100 Introduction to Listening (3) (A)Offers a user-friendly introduction to the music of suchgreat classical composers as Bach, Beethoven, and Mozart,while including limited encounters with the musicalexpressions of popular culture. An ideal survey for nonmusicianslacking musical knowledge and performanceskills, the course should also serve as a helpful introductionto the realm of classical music for those who arecontemplating a music major.101 Basic Musicianship (3) (A)Basic fundamentals of music including pitch andrhythmic notation. Students learn to make music from awritten score using recorders and a variety of other simplefolk instruments. Offered each fall.201 Music & Art in the Western World (3) (A)Explores the traditions of music, painting, sculpture,and architecture of the Western world. Beginning with theGreeks and continuing through the present time, manyindividual works from important art periods areintroduced. Discussions include how the arts reflect thesociocultural conditions of their time and place, how mediaare used, and how the elements in each art form contributeto the aesthetic response. Identical to ARTH 201.202/302 Great Composers (3) (A)An in-depth study of the life and works of a singlecomposer. Students become familiar with the composer’slife, the historical setting, and gain intimate knowledge ofimportant compositions from all periods of the composer’scareer through guided listening.213/313 Music History I (3) (A)A chronological study of music from its origins throughthe early 18th century. The 300 level requires a researchproject and some analysis. Prerequisites: MUS 100, 201 orconsent. Offered fall of even-numbered years.214/314 Music History II (3) (A)A continuation of MUS 213/313 from the 18th centuryto the present. Prerequisite: MUS 100, 201, 213/313 orconsent. Offered spring of odd-numbered years.225, 226 Intermediate Musicianship I, II (4, 4)Music theory, sightsinging and ear training are studiedas part of a program to develop complete musicianship.Elementary harmony and analysis including modes, triadsand inversions, melodic construction and simpleharmonization with primary and secondary triads areincluded. Prerequisite: ability to read music notation. MUS225 offered fall of even-numbered years, MUS 226 offeredspring of odd-numbered years. Prerequisite for MUS 226:C or better in MUS 225.250/350 Music from the BaroqueEra (1600 to 1750) (3)(A)A listening course exploring music from the Baroque.Students listen to works from this period in their entiretyand discover how this music reflects the cultural history ofthe era. Works by Vivaldi, Couperin, Scarlatti, Handel,Bach, and others are included.251/351 Music in the Classic Era(1750-1825) (3) (A)A listening course exploring music from the Classic era.Students listen to works from this period in their entiretyand discover how this music reflects the cultural history ofthe era. Works by Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, and othersare included.252/352 19th-Century Music (3) (A)A listening course exploring music from the 19thcentury. Students listen to works from this period in theirentirety and discover how this music reflects the culturalhistory of the era. Works by Beethoven, Schubert, theSchumanns (both Clara and Robert), Chopin, Liszt, Verdi,Berlioz, Brahms and others are included.253/353 20th-Century Music (3) (A)A listening course exploring music from the 20thcentury. Students listen to works from this period in theirentirety and discover how this music reflects the culturalhistory of the era. Works by Debussy, Ravel, Puccini,Bartok, Stravinsky, Schoenberg, Ives, Copland, Varèèse,Barber, Glass, Gorecki, Pärt, Zwilich, and others areincluded.310 Topics in Sacred Music (3)An in-depth study of some aspect of sacred musicincluding, but not limited to, hymnology and sacred choralliterature, sacred music history, and directing choirs, allwithin the context of a variety of religious traditions.Offered each semester.321 Conducting Techniques (3)Offers basic and advanced skills for choral andinstrumental conductors. All conducting patterns,instrumental and choral techniques, rehearsal technique,and score study are included. Prerequisite: MUS 226,APMU 111, 211, or equivalent. Offered on demand.325, 326 Advanced Musicianship I, II (4, 4)A continuation of MUS 225 and 226, this class focuseson a wide range of musical styles from the Renaissance tothe present. More complex chords and larger forms (fuques,

PHILOSOPHY135rondo, theme and variations, sonata) are studied. Variousstrategies to analyze musical compositions are investigated.Post-impressionist and serial composition techniques areincluded. Theoretical analysis and study are accompaniedby parallel exercises in sightsinging and ear training.Prerequisite: C or better in MUS 226. MUS 325 offeredfall of odd-numbered years; MUS 326 offered spring ofeven-numbered years.480 Senior Project (3) (I)Intended as the culminating experience in the musicmajor, students present a formal recital or write anhistorical or critical thesis to demonstrate the successfulintegration of applied performance skills, knowledge ofmusic and cultural history, theoretical/analyticalproficiency, and aural skills. Required of all music majors.Should be taken during the final semester of applied musicstudy. Prerequisite: C or better in MUS 313, 314, and 326.APPLIED MUSIC COURSES (APMU)111 College Choir (1) (A)*The College Choir is offered as a cultural experience forany student of the College. A wide variety of choralliterature is studied and performed. While the ability toread music notation is not required, participants must beable to match pitch. Offered each semester. *Three semesterhours must be completed to fulfill a general studiesrequirement.113 Class Voice (2)Offered in conjunction with Wesleyan Singers, studentsstudy basic vocal techniques with emphasis on developingthe voice for both solo and choral use. Prerequisite:membership in Wesleyan Singers. Offered each semester.121-462 Applied Music: Private Study(Instrumental,Voice,Piano, Guitar) (2)(A)*Private applied music study is offered to studentsenrolled in the college regardless of previous musicalbackground or major interest. A serious commitment tolearning about classical music literature and the techniquerequired to perform such literature is required from thestudent. Students take a one-hour private lesson each weekand should expect to practice daily for at least one hour.This course requires a $250 fee in addition to regulartuition. Offered by arrangement with the coordinator forapplied music studies. Prerequisites: MUS 100 or showproficiency; for 300-level study, B or better in previoussemester. Consent. Offered each semester. *Foursemester hours must be completed to fulfill a general studiesrequirement.211 Wesleyan Singers (1) (A)*A small performance ensemble modeled on professionalstandards, the Wesleyan Singers offers a unique opportunityfor advanced students to explore singing on a higher levelthan is possible in a larger group of non-auditioned singers.An audition is required. Prerequisite: membership inCollege Choir. Offered each semester. *Three semester hoursmust be completed to fulfill a general studies requirement.230 Wesleyan Singers’ Performance Tour (3)(Winter Session)A performance tour of approximately one-weekduration with concerts each night. Performances may alsobe scheduled during the day in schools and retirementhomes. A week’s intensive rehearsal is scheduled beforedeparture and several performances on campus and in thearea occur upon return. Prerequisite: membership inWesleyan Singers. Offered each Winter Session.300 Chamber Music (2)Students explore the body of chamber music written fortheir instrument and select and prepare a chamber musiccomposition for performance with a professional ensemble.A weekly one-hour coaching session offers rehearsalstrategies as well as discussion of musical ideas andinterpretations. A $250 applied music fee is charged.PHILOSOPHYDR. STEVEN M. EMMANUEL, Program CoordinatorDR. PATRICK A. GOOLDDR. LAWRENCE D. HULTGRENDR. R. CATHAL WOODSPhilosophy in the CurriculumThe Greek word philosophia (’philosophy’) is acompound term which derives from the roots philein (’tolove’) and sophia (’wisdom’) and is commonly translated’love of wisdom.’ For Socrates, and those who followed hisexample, the love of wisdom took the form of a disciplinedreflection about human life and conduct. Convinced thatintellectual and moral integrity go hand in hand, Socratesraised fundamental questions about the nature of justice,virtue, and the good life. Proceeding by careful analysis andrigorous dialectic, he sought a knowledge of reality onwhich to establish a firm foundation for making soundmoral judgments. Though philosophical practice has takenmany different forms over the centuries, the conception ofphilosophy as a process of critical inquiry aimed at a deeperunderstanding of self and world remains the dominant one.In keeping with the ideal of a liberal arts education, thestudy of philosophy promotes the development ofanalytical, critical, and interpretive abilities that areimportant for life in general. Properly pursued,philosophical study cultivates the appetite and capacity forself-examination and reflection, for the open exchange anddebate of ideas, for responsible and intelligent participationin community affairs, and for lifelong learning.The program in philosophy is designed to providestudents with a coherent intellectual structure of study,while acquainting them with the broad diversity of ideasand approaches within the Western philosophical traditionand beyond. The curriculum covers significant periods andprominent figures in the history of intellectual thought, as

136 PHILOSOPHYwell as the central subfields of philosophy and theirdistinctive problem sets. Though the department recognizesthat philosophy is a valuable preparation for careers inmany fields, its approach to teaching reflects a basiccommitment to the idea that philosophy is best thought ofas a practice and way of life.Major RequirementsCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLESEM.HRS.18 HOURS MUST BE AT THE300/400 LEVELTwo of the following:PHIL 101Individual and SocietyPHIL 102Contemporary Moral Issues 6PHIL 104The Examined LifePHIL 212Types of Ethical TheoryPHIL 221/321Ethics and Health CarePHIL 253Social and Political PhilosophyPHIL 272/372Beyond the Western TraditionPHIL 304Environmental EthicsPHIL 1093Critical ReasoningPHIL 2093Methods of LogicPHIL 3323Ancient PhilosophyPHIL 3363Early Modern PhilosophyOne of the following:PHIL 334Medieval PhilosophyPHIL 33819th-Century Philosophy 3PHIL 34020th-Century PhilosophyPHIL 350Existential PhilosophyPHIL 4003Philosophy SeminarAdditional courses in philosophy 6TOTAL 30Students majoring in philosophy who transfer credit forphilosophy courses taken at other institutions shouldconsult with the departmental coordinator to determinehow that credit is to be applied.Minor RequirementsCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLE(See p. 31 for general minor requirements)SEM.HRS.There are no special requirements for thephilosopy minor. Students must take sixcourses, and provide a brief written rationaleof the courses taken. The following tracksprovide ready-made sequences of study, 18and also serve as examples of how you mightput together your own chosen sequence. Youare free to follow these pre-made tracks, or tomake your own selections in whatever waybest suits your interests and complementsyour major.Minor TracksTOTAL 18Intellectual History SurveyA track in intellectual history can easily be constructedfrom the department’s historical offerings, which cover thehistory of Western thought from ancient Greece to thepresent. A sequence of this kind begins with the surveycourse PHIL 110 and culminates in a senior seminar PHIL400 devoted to an in-depth study of a particular thinker orset of questions. In-between students can take any of thecourses in particular periods of history. This kind of track isof special interest to history majors.COURSE NUMBER AND TITLEPHIL 110Perennial QuestionsPHIL 332Ancient PhilosophyPHIL 336Early Modern PhilosophyPHIL 337The EnlightenmentPHIL 34020th Century PhilosophyPHIL 400Philosophy SeminarSEM.HRS.333333TOTAL 18Meaning,Value and CultureThe MVC track focuses on the perennial search formeaning in life. These courses challenge students to reflecton what it means to live an examined life, and to considerthe role that culture plays in determining your values. You

PHILOSOPHY137read and discuss a variety of theories about human nature,ponder questions about the origin and ultimate purpose ofhuman existence, and grapple with modern philosophicalproblems concerning the nature of selfhood, freedom andchoice.COURSE NUMBER AND TITLEPHIL 104The Examined LifePHIL 211The Human ConditionPHIL 215Philosophy of ReligionPHIL 292Alternative FuturesPHIL 350Existential PhilosophyPHIL 372Beyond the Western TraditionSEM.HRS.333333TOTAL 18Ethics, Society, LawThe department of philosophy offers many coursesbeneficial to anyone thinking of law, public policy orpolitics, or anyone interested in practical ethics.Critical thinking skills, essential to the study of law andpublic policy, are offered in PHIL 109 and 209. Thedepartment also offers an introductory course on theindividual in society, and a course in the different ethicaltheories (PHIL 212) which people often appeal to whendebating. There’s also a course in the political and ethicalideas that underlie public policy debates (PHIL 253/353)such as the inevitable conflict between individualautonomy and political authority. We even have a course onthe future of human society! (PHIL 292/392).Finally, there are a number of courses in topical issues,beginning with the survey course PHIL 102, followed bythree specific couses: environmental philosophy (PHIL304), medical ethics (PHIL 212/312), and the impact oftechnology (PHIL 402).So, if you are intersted in ethical issues, your sequencecould look like this: ETHICSPHIL 304Environmental Ethics 3PHIL 402Thinking about Technology3TOTAL 18If your major is sociology, or you’re interested in publicpolicy, you could put together a sequence like this:SOCIETYCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLESEM.HRS.PHIL 101Individual and Society3PHIL 109Critical Reasoning3PHIL 253/353Social & Political Philosophy3PHIL 292/392Alternative Futures3Additional topical courses in ethics 6TOTAL 18Or if you are thinking of law, these would make a good set:LAWCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLEPHIL 109Critical ReasoningPHIL 209Methods of LogicPHIL 212Practical EthicsPHIL 253/353Social & Political PhilosophyPHIL 292/392Alternative FuturesSEM.HRS.Additional topical course 333333TOTAL 18COURSE NUMBER AND TITLEPHIL 102Contemporary Moral IssuesPHIL 109Critical ReasoningPHIL 212Practical EthicsPHIL 221/321Ethics & Health CareSEM.HRS.3333Philosophy Courses (PHIL)101 Individual and Society (3) (V)An introduction to philosophy as critical thinking andanalysis (the ability to reason well and willingly) through anexamination of questions of human value(s). Students learnhow to recognize and analyze the values by which they live,examine the issues of self and society, and learn how todevelop a philosophical skill in seeing the basic valueswhich influence these personal and social issues. Offeredeach fall.

138 PHILOSOPHY102 Contemporary Moral Issues (3) (V)Introduces the practice of moral reasoning through thestudy of representative moral theories and their applicationto controversial issues in contemporary life. Studentsdevelop the critical and analytical skills required forthinking clearly about moral problems and forming theirown conclusions about them. Offered each spring.104 The Examined Life (3)Introduces the practice of philosophizing through closereading and discussion of Socratic dialogues, includingEuthyphro, Laches, Lysis, Meno, Theatetus, Symposium andRepublic. The course engages with the substance ofSocrates’s peculiar questioning, (What is piety, courage,friendship, justice, virtue, knowledge, and so forth) but alsoreflects on the sort of knowledge that Socrates seeks, how hesearches for it, and why he thinks this activity is necessaryfor a well-lived life. Offered each fall.105 Meaning, Happiness andThe Good Life (3)(V)Examines key texts from philosophy and literature, Eastand West, on the meaning of life. We attempt to grapplewith questions such as “Can happiness be found in thefulfillment of our desires, or in their elimination?”, “Or inthe worship and service of a universal being?”, “Is ameaningful life a happy life?” and “What does the question“What is the meaning of life?” mean?” Offeredintermittently.109 Critical Reasoning (3) (C)The structure of the philosophical essay is examinedafter a brief introduction to some basic principles of logic.Teaches students how to write clearly and precisely. Offeredeach fall.110 Perennial Questions (3) (V)A critical examination of several great issues whichconfront us in modern philosophical thought including thequestion of the existence of God, the nature of ultimatereality, the sources of human knowledge, the principles ofmoral values, and the problems of aesthetic judgments.Offered each spring.209 Methods of Logic (3)A continuation of Phil 109, this course is anintroduction to first-order logic. Primary emphasis is placedon the translation of ordinary language into symbolicnotation and the application of formal proof techniques.The presentation of formal methods concludes with a briefexamination of selected questions in philosophical logic.Offered each spring.211 The Human Condition (3)A critical exploration of the possible meanings of“human being,” and how individuals might interpret theirown existence. Selected literary, scientific, and philosophicaccounts of being human are studied and criticized. Offeredintermittently.212 Practical Ethics (3) (V)Explores the potential of moral reasoning as a tool forconflict resolution and consensus building. Through aseries of practical exercises, students learn to use moralargumentation as a means of fostering constructive dialogueand mutual understanding. Students develop the ability tolisten carefully, distinguish real from apparent disagreements,discover common ground, and find creativesolutions to moral problems. Prerequisite: PHIL 102.Offered intermittently.215 Philosophy of Religion (3) (V)Addresses some major questions that have emerged inthe history of philosophy concerning the justification oftheistic belief, the meaning of religious language, the natureof miracles, and mystical experience. Offered on demand.221/321 Ethics & Health Care (3) (V)Foregoing life-sustaining treatment…procurement oforgans and tissue for transplantation…artificial reproduction…allocationof scarce health resources…AIDS: publichealth vs. private rights. Such issues in health careconfront all of us at some time both as matters of individualconcern and as issues of public policy. Students study theethical principles that should undergird decisions in healthcare. It focuses on the application of ethical principles toconcrete cases. Offered each spring.253/353 Social & Political Philosophy (3)A survey of important themes in the history of socialand political philosophy. Topics for discussion include:strategies for social change, the nature of political authority,the autonomy of the individual, anarchism, and democracy.Readings are drawn from classical and contemporarysources. Offered spring of even-numbered years.272/372 Beyond the Western Tradition (3) (V)We live in a world characterized by multiplicity,plurality, and difference. Students are provided with theopportunity to enter into frames of reference of people withdiffering experiences of, and assumptions about, the world.We are educated in this world to the degree that we areaware of our own boundedness, and that we become skilledin critically understanding and integrating the perspectivesof others. Examines the beliefs of Native Americans, WestAfricans, Chinese thinkers, and philosophers of India.Offered each spring.292/392 Alternative Futures (3)Is there hope for HUMAN beings? Can we forecastfutures as other than more of the same? What choices mightwe exercise in shaping futures? After initial reflections onthe human prospect, students working in groups areresponsible for conjecturing sensibly and usefully aboutpossible alternative futures. Topics include: future shock,coping, population, resources, war, environment, andgenetic engineering. Offered intermittently.

PHILOSOPHY139304 Environmental Ethics (3) (V)From ancient Sumer to the present, ecological realitieshave required human beings to reflect on their values andtheir responsibilities to nature. Students examine therelevance of philosophy to environmental questions and, inparticular, explore the connection between theenvironment and ethics. Offered each fall. Identical toENVS 304.310 Theory of Knowledge (3)What is the basis of our knowledge about the world,other people, ourselves? Focusing on work done in the 20thcentury, students examine some recent theories about thenature of human knowledge, as well as the related conceptsof truth, justification, and belief. Offered spring ofodd-numbered years.316 Needs of the Soul (3) (V)(Winter Session)Discusses the meaning of history, the proper function ofpolitics, religion, and culture, the nature of the humancondition, and the true needs of human beings withconstant reference to the writings of three writers of themiddle 20th Century: Simone Weil, Simone de Beauvoirand Hannah Arendt. Prerequisite: at least three semesterhours in philosophy or consent. Offered in selected WinterSessions.328 Buddhist Philosophy (3) (V)Introduces the major themes in Buddhist philosophy.Readings and lectures are aimed at understanding the wayBuddhist thinkers approach questions in ethics,epistemology, metaphysics, philosophy of mind. Coursereadings are drawn from various canonical sources thatrecord the teachings of the historical Buddha. These aresupplemented by additional readings that discuss thedevelopment of these teachings in various schools ofBuddhist thought. Special emphasis is placed on theMahayana and Zen Buddhist traditions. Prerequisite:100/200-level philosophy course or consent. Offered fall ofeven-numbered years.332 Ancient Greek Philosophy (3) (H)A close study of selected texts of Plato and Aristotle.Some Presocratic and Hellenistic philosophers may beconsidered. Offered each fall.334 Medieval Philosophy (3)A survey of representative Christian, Islamic, and Jewishphilosophers of the Middle Ages. Special emphasis is placedon the moral and political philosophy of the period.336 Early Modern Philosophy (3)Surveys the development of early modern philosophy inlight of the scientific background from which it emerged.Major works by Descartes, Leibniz, Spinoza, Locke,Berkeley, Hume, and Kant are supplemented by readingsfrom women philosophers of the period. Offered eachspring.337 The Enlightenment: A Movementand Its Critics (3)(V) WAn examination of the philosophical and culturalmovement that came to be called the Enlightenment. Thecourse identifies the constellation of ideas around which themovement coalesced and the tensions and contradictionswithin that constellation. The arguments of those whodirectly opposed the enlighteners are considered. A surveyof recent criticisms of Enlightenment ideals and thesignificance of those ideals for our own time concludes thecourse. Prerequisite: sophomore status or consent. Offeredspring of even-numbered years.338 19th-Century Philosophy (3)Surveys major trends in post-Kantian Europeanphilosophy. Readings are drawn from the work of Fichte,Hegel, Marx, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, and others. Offeredspring of even-numbered years.340 20th-Century Philosophy (3)Surveys major trends in 20th-century philosophicalthought, with special emphasis on developments in Anglo-American philosophy. Readings are drawn from the worksof Russell, Moore, Wittgenstein, Quine, and others.Offered spring of odd-numbered years.350 Existential Philosophy (3) (V)Intensive study of recent phenomenological investigationinto human existence. Thinkers such as Kierkegaard,Nietzsche, Heidegger, Sartre, and Merleau-Ponty arediscussed. Offered each fall.385 Problems in Philosophy of Art (3)Explores central questions in the philosophy of artthrough reading and discussion of landmark texts in thediscipline. Focus is on the question of the nature andfunction of art. Offered each spring.400 Philosophy Seminar (3)An in-depth study of the work of a single major philosopher.The figure selected changes with each offering.Contact the department coordinator for the currentselection. Offered intermittently.402 Thinking about Technology (3)A critical look at technology and its effects on society.Some of the important ways in which modern technologyhas changed how we think about ourselves, our obligationsto others, and the natural environment are examined.Prerequisite: consent. Offered spring of even-numberedyears.434 Issues in the Study of Happiness (3) (I)A study of recent research into happiness, what it is, thefactors which affect it, and individual and governmentalresponses. This is an interdisciplinary course which drawson philosophy, psychology, sociology, neuroscience,economics and political science.

140 POLITICAL SCIENCEPHYSICAL SCIENCEDR. GARRY E. NOEDR. DEBORAH E. OTIS, Program CoordinatorPHYSICAL SCIENCE COURSES(PHSC)100 Introduction to Physical Science (3)Emphasizes the relevance of physical science inunderstanding the everyday world, and explores connectionsbetween physics and chemistry. Topics include energy,electricity, magnetism, work, heat, light, the nucleus, theatom, chemical bonds, and chemical reactions. Intended fornon-science students. Offered each fall.101 Introduction to PhysicalScience Laboratory (1)An introductory physical science lab course toaccompany PHSC 100. Students have opportunities toexplore principles common to physics and chemistrythrough hands-on exercises. Designed for non-sciencestudents. Prerequisite or corequisite: PHSC 100. Offeredeach fall.PHYSICSDR. GARRY E. NOE, Program CoordinatorAlthough the college does not offer a physics major,certain physics courses are needed in our science programs.Physics can also serve as an enrichment course for interestedstudents.PHYSICS COURSES (PHYS)141 Intro Astronomy—Solar System (3) (E)Survey of the history of astronomy; the motion ofobjects in the night sky; gravitation and relativity;telescopes; the sun, planets, moon, meteors, and comets;the origin of the solar system; space exploration; the searchfor extraterrestrial life. Designed for non-science majors.Offered each fall.142 Intro Astronomy—Stars and Galaxies (3) (E)Survey of the history of astronomy; the constellations;the nature of the stars; stellar evolution; white dwarfs,neutron stars, and black holes; the structure and evolutionof the Milky Way; other galaxies, quasars; cosmology.Designed for non-science majors. Offered each spring.143 Introduction Astronomy Lab (1)A hands-on laboratory experience which complementsPHYS 141 and 142. It has four distinct components, eachlasting two to four weeks: lunar, planetary, and deep-spaceobservations with a Celestron telescope; analyzing computersimulations, images, and film clips of celestialphenomena; Internet-as-virtual-library exercises; physicsexperiments in optics and spectroscopy. Prerequisite orcorequisite: PHYS 141 or 142. Designed for non-sciencemajors and fulfills the laboratory requirements for studentsintending to graduate with honors. Offered each spring.215 General Physics (4)An introductory non-calculus treatment of the basicprinciples of physics. Areas of study include mechanics,fluids, forms of energy, and wave motion. No previousknowledge of physics is assumed. Prerequisite: MATH 135.Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours. Offered fall ofodd-numbered years.216 General Physics (4)A continuation of PHYS 215. The principal subjectareas are optics, electricity, magnetism, relativity, andatomic physics. Prerequisite: PHYS 215. Lecture threehours, laboratory three hours. Offered spring of evennumberedyears.221 Physics (4) (E)A calculus-based introduction to kinematics, Newtoniandynamics, work and energy, gravitation, waves, fluidmechanics, kinetic theory, and thermodynamics. Prerequisite:MATH 136 or 171. Lecture three hours,laboratory three hours. Offered fall of even-numberedyears.222 Physics (4) (E)A continuation of PHYS 221. Topics include electricfields, circuit analysis, magnetism, geometrical and waveoptics, relativity and atomic structure. Prerequisite: PHYS221. Corequisite: MATH 172. Lecture three hours, laboratorythree hours. Offered spring of odd-numbered years.POLITICAL SCIENCEDR. MURRELL L. BROOKSDR. WILLIAM A. GIBSON, Program CoordinatorDR. BRETT S. HEINDLDR. DAVID J. LORENZODR. TIMOTHY G. O’ROURKEMR. RENE PEREZ-LOPEZ, (adjunct)If Aristotle is correct when he observes that the end ofpolitics is the good for man, then we may appropriatelyconclude that the study of politics—no less than a completeliberal arts education—aims at a comprehensiveunderstanding of man and human communities. Thefollowing requirements for students in political scienceinclude five major categories which subdivide the disciplineand help to articulate its many facets.I. Introductory-Level Political ScienceII. Political PhilosophyIII. American Government and PoliticsIV. Comparative Politics and International RelationsV. Constitutional Law, Public Administration andPolicy

POLITICAL SCIENCE141The political science major requires 11 courses inpolitical science. In addition, four courses must be takenfrom three other social science disciplines (geography,sociology, psychology, criminal justice and history).Major RequirementsCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLESEM.HRS.Introductory LevelOne of the following:POLS 101Politics and LiteraturePOLS 103Global Realities 3POLS 105Politics Through FilmPOLS 111Introduction to Political SciencePOLS 112Introduction to American GovernmentPolitical PhilosophyTwo of the following:POLS 204Introduction to Feminist Political ThoughtPOLS 433 6Political Theory: AncientPOLS 434Political Theory: ModernPOLS 435Contemporary Theories of JusticeAmerican Government & PoliticsOne of the following:POLS 201State and Local GovernmentPOLS 207/307The Presidency & American PoliticsPOLS 231/431Theories of Liberal DemocracyPOLS 235/335American GovernmentPOLS 237/337American Legislative ProcessPOLS 303Urban PoliticsComparative Politics &International RelationsOne of the following:POLS 103Global RealitiesPOLS 206Introduction to Comparative PoliticsPOLS 210International RelationsPOLS 211/311Comparative Politics: Latin AmericaPOLS 215/315Comparative Politics: Europe3POLS 216/316Comparative Politics: RussiaPOLS 217/317Comparative Politics: Asian Pacific RimPOLS 218/318Comparative Politics: South AsiaPOLS 228/328Comparative Politics: ChinaPOLS 229Comparative Politics: SE Asia & JapanPOLS 238/338Comparative Politics in theMiddle East/North AfricaPOLS 250Introduction to InternationalPolitical EconomyPOLS 321Political Writings of Latin AmericaPOLS 344European Union in World PoliticsPOLS 360The Media & American ForeignPolicy in the 20th CenturyPOLS 440Seminar: American Foreign PolicyConstitutional Law, PublicAdministration and PolicyOne of the following:CSRF 275Religious Freedom in AmericaCSRF 355Law and Religion in AmericaPOLS 205/305Law in American Politics & CulturePOLS 270/370The Constitution & Criminal ProcedurePOLS 3233Public Policy AnalysisPOLS/ENVS 326Environmental Policy AnalysisPOLS 343Public AdministrationPOLS 371Constitutional Law I: The Federal SystemPOLS 372Constitutional Law II: Substantive RightsPOLS 373Conflict Management IThree political science electivesORPOLS 495Pre-Internship SeminarPOLS 497 9-18Political Science Internship SeminarPOLS 498Political Science InternshipSee continuation of choices next page3

142 POLITICAL SCIENCEChart continued from previous pageFour courses must be taken from at leastthree of the following disciplines: history,psychology, sociology, economics,geography, criminal justice, Center forthe Study of Religious Freedom.POLS 265Research MethodsPOLS 359Political Science Study AbroadPOLS 499Senior Seminar12333International Relations TrackPOLS 103; 210; 250; 321; 336; 440; 438Political Philosophy TrackPOLS 204; 231/431; 239; 433; 434American Government & Politics TrackPOLS 201; 207/307; 235/335;237/337; 239; 303Foreign Service and Policy TrackPOLS 210; 215/315; 216/316;217/317; 218/318; 321; 360; 440TOTAL 18TOTAL HOURS WITHOUT INTERNSHIP 45TOTAL HOURS WITH INTERNSHIP 54Minor RequirementsCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLE(See p. 31 for general minor requirements)SEM.HRS.One of the following:POLS 101/301Politics and LiteraturePOLS 105 3Politics Through FilmPOLS 111Introduction to Political ScienceOne of the following:POLS 204Introduction to Feminist Political ThoughtPOLS 239American Political Thought 3POLS 433Political Theory: AncientPOLS 434Political Theory: ModernFour additional courses at12the 200 level or aboveStudents may elect an interest track whichpermits some specialization within thedepartment’s offerings:Essential courses are in boldPre-Law TrackPOLS 201; 207/307; 231/431; 235/335;237/337; 239; 243/343; 303; 323; 373;371; 372; CSRF 275; 355Public Policy & Administration TrackPOLS 201; 265; 343; 303; 323; 372Comparative Politics TrackPOLS 206, 211/311; 215/315; 216/316;217/317; 218/318; 228/328; 229;321; 344; 438POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSES(POLS)101 Politics and Literature (3) (V)Offers a non-technical, literary path to the explorationof the human experience and the role that politics plays inthat experience. Through readings and discussions, ofclassical utopian and dystopian novels, students explorearguments addressing such topics as the substance andplasticity of human nature; the role of political andeconomic environments in shaping human behavior; thecharacteristics of the good society and the best state; theperils of fanaticism, and the dangers inherent in the questfor power, security, civilized life and the perfect society.Assigned books include Utopia, The Isle of Pines, LookingBackwards, News from Nowhere, We, Nineteen Eighty-Four,Island and Walden Two. Offered each fall.103 Global Realities: Issues and Resourcesfor Navigating Today’s World (3)(S)Designed to open a window on a wider world forstudents who want to begin learning about internationalrelations. It begins with a broad overview of political,economic, and cultural patterns in today’s globalenvironment, which is followed by an inventory,evaluation, and comparison of information sources aboutinternational affairs, including print, broadcast, and cablemedia, the Internet, and CD-ROM and simulationsoftware. The course concludes with one or more casestudies of current global issues, such as internationalterrorism, the control of rogue states, denuclearizingwarfare, international women’s issues, internationalenvironmental problems, and the impact of globalconsumerism. Through these case studies, we learn how toidentify key international problems, track them in themedia, gather information about them, and develop andevaluate possible solutions. Offered each spring.105 Politics Through Film (3)Film, one of the human community’s mostcomprehensive forms of cultural expression, offers uniqueopportunities for exploring the political dimension of life.Drawing examples from the extensive category of politicallyrelevant films, this course introduces and illumines a wide

POLITICAL SCIENCE143range of fundamental concepts in the study of politics.Although the focus is on politics, this course also offers theopportunity for students to learn some basics of filmanalysis and cultivate a critical perspective. Offered eachspring.111 Introduction to Political Science (3) (S)Introduces students to the fundamental concepts andissues in the study of politics. Primary emphasis is placed onideologies, such as liberal democracy, conservatism,socialism, communism, fascism, nationalism, politicalinstitutions and behavior, including legislatures, executives,interest groups, political parties, political socialization,participation, the expression of political opinion,revolution, and types of political systems. These conceptsand issues are considered from both behavioral andtraditional perspectives. Offered each fall.112 Introduction to American Government (3) (S)Offers a citizen’s guide to the American political system,providing a brief overview of the Founders’ constitutionaldesign, the federal system, and politics and policy-makingin the Presidency, Bureaucracy, Congress, and the SupremeCourt. Covers key judicial rulings on civil rights andliberties and national powers. Gives special attention to theelectoral process, the media, and the ways that ordinarycitizens can influence governmental policies. Offered eachsemester.201 State & Local Government & Politics (3) (S)Based on both theoretical and practical experiences instate and local government and politics. The relationshipbetween local, state, and federal systems is explored. Officeholders and local officials are guest speakers on practicalaspects. Offered each fall.202/302 Ethnicity and Politics:Latinos in America (3)(S)Ethnic groups must adapt to U.S. political ways in orderto press their political agenda. Spanish-Americans haveadapted, mixing agendas from their countries of origin,experiences in the U.S. and with other minority ethnicgroups. How Latinos have adapted to and participated in U.S.politics is studied. Offered spring of odd-numbered years.204 Introduction to FeministPolitical Thought (3)(V) WFeminist theory has always had a political agenda: toimprove the situation of women in society. It also hastheoretical import, asking basic questions about personalidentity and equality, about ethical obligations to others,about justice and fairness, and about the history of politicaltheory. This course brings together both of these strands,focusing on feminist theory, feminist politics, and thecontributions that feminist theory can make in thinkingabout politics in general. Offered each spring.205/305* Law in AmericanPolitics & Culture (3)Examines how law is defined, its philosophical roots,the relationship between law and justice, the role it plays inAmerican society, and how it is represented in Americanculture. Using films, plays, novels and other culturalartifacts in addition to sources in political science, we focusespecially on the American Constitution, the concepts ofthe rule of law and due process of law, the institutions andpolitics of the law, making and enforcing processes, and theunique roles of the lawyer and the judge. At the Honorslevel (305), we use cultural and political criticism to take acloser, more interdisciplinary look at how motion pictures,novels, plays, and other forms of cultural expression revealthe politics and patterns through which American cultureunderstands and represents the law and its institutions.Offered each fall. *Prerequisite for 305: Honors and Scholarsstudent or consent.206 Introduction toComparative Politics (3)(S) WAn introduction to cross-national comparative analysis,with particular attention to social movements,democratization, globalization, and the relative politicaland economic autonomy of the countries examined.Country cases include Britain, Germany, India, Iran,Mexico, Nigeria, and the United States. Students engagedin cross-country case-studies compare and contrast majorpolitical and economic institutions, political culture, partiesand interest groups, and discuss class-based perspectives onpolitical conflicts over wealth distribution and social justice.Offered spring of odd-numbered years.207 The American Presidency (3)Analyzes the nature and development of the Americanpresidency, its impact on American politics and the makingof domestic and foreign policy. Offered intermittently.210 Introduction toInternational Relations (3)(S)Drawing on both historical and contemporaryexperience, students study the behavioral and institutionalfeatures of the nation-state and its global environment intheir political, military, economic, and cultural aspects.Main topics include power, foreign policy, diplomacy,international organization and law, arms control, and theglobal economy considered in the context of the post-coldwarworld. Issues examined include overpopulation, foodand energy scarcity, national and ethnic movements,economic development, environmental problems, andmilitarism. Offered each fall.215/315 Comparative Politics: Europe (3)Evaluates the government and politics of selectedEuropean regimes as alternative examples of efforts atrepresentative democracy. Typically, we examine thepolitical systems of Great Britain, France, and Germany.We also examine factors leading to integration and/ordisintegration in post-cold-war Europe. Offered fall ofeven-numbered years.

144 POLITICAL SCIENCE216/316 Comparative Politics:Communism in Transition -The Former Soviet Union (3)Examines Russia and the former Soviet Union. Thesetransitional regimes offer excellent opportunities to studythe problems and prospects for radical economic andpolitical reform and the hazards of reactionism in societiespreviously dedicated to Communist economic systems andnon-democratic, non-parliamentary political systems. Wefocus particular attention on the challenges posed byrebellious national groups and chronic economic crisis.Also, we examine the relationship of ideology togovernment policy and the ways in which those regimeshave reinterpreted such traditional Western political valuesand institutions as constitutionalism, the rule of law,natural and civil rights, participatory democracy, and therepresentation of interests.217/317 Comparative Politics:Asian Pacific Rim (3)(H)Examines political systems and the dynamics of politicalchange in the eleven East and Southeast Asian nations ofthe Pacific Rim, a region that has assumed a commandingpresence in world politics and the world economy.Normally included are Japan, China, and selected nationsfrom among Korea, Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia,Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and Burma.218/318 Comparative Politics: South Asia (3)The confrontation of Western political forms withtraditional non-Western and pre-colonial cultures andalternative strategies for political and economicdevelopment highlight this analysis of the politics ofnation-building in the South Asian portion of the ThirdWorld. India and Pakistan are the main cases to be studied,although examples may be taken from Iran, Afghanistan,and perhaps Bangladesh and Malaysia as well. Offered fallof odd-numbered years.220/320 Comparative Politics:Latin America (3)Examines major problems of political and economicmodernization by considering Latin American politicalsystems in their various approaches to development. Focusis on key examples of the successes and failures of thevarious developmental strategies: e.g., Cuba, Chile, Peru,Brazil, and Mexico. Further, the impact of United States’policies upon the region as a whole receives specialattention. Identical to SPAN 220/320. Offered eachspring.228/328 Comparative Politics: China (3)The political system and the dynamics of politicalchange in China are examined.229/329 Comparative Politics:SE Asia & Japan (3)The political system and the dynamics of politicalchange in Japan and selected Southeast Asian nations areexamined.237/337 American Legislative Process (3)Deals with structure and function of law making inCongress and the state legislatures, including considerationof such topics as: committees, representation, policymaking, leadership and interest group influence. We alsoexamine the impact of Congress and state legislatures onvital issues of public policy ranging from foreign policy tourban policy, or from taxation to energy policy. Finally, therole of party politics and campaigns in the legislativeprocess are considered. Offered on demand.238/338 Comparative Politics of theMiddle East and North Africa (3)Offers students a basic understanding of broad trends ofsocial change, state building and economic development inthe modern Middle East and North Africa (MENA) duringthe post World War I period. The class attends todistinctions across MENA states along these three majordimensions, with special attention to public and privateresponses to modernization, democratization andglobalization. Offered spring of odd-numbered years.239 American Political Thought (3) (V)Focuses on major ideas shaping American institutions ofgovernment and politics from the founding generation tothe present. The writings of many different individualsrelating to such issues as: slavery and race; capitalism andsocial justice; and feminist political theory are evaluated.Readings include the Federalist Papers, selections fromDemocracy in America, works by Malcolm X, Dr. MartinLuther King, and Betty Friedan.240/340 German Cinema:Art and Politics (3)Identical to GER 240/340.(A) W250 Introduction to InternationalPolitical Economy (3)(S) WOffers an overview of the political institutions andconflicts that structure our contemporary internationaleconomy. Class readings and discussions examine majorissues at the center of current political science research,policy debate and popular political discourse. In particular,we examine postwar systems of international trade andfinance, as well as divergent policy goals of states andsocieties of the North and South. Offered fall of evennumberedyears.265 Research Methods (3) (E) WIntroduces the political science major to the methods ofpolitical research. Students learn how political scientistsknow what they know, and how they gain tools with which

POLITICAL SCIENCE145to explore, describe, explain, present and debate thisknowledge. Students actively experience every dimension ofthe research process as they conceptualize, design andoperationalize their own projects, and communicate theirfindings in written and oral formats. Daily classes includelecture and discussion of class readings, and individualstudent research. Offered each fall.270/370 The Constitution andCriminal Procedure (3)Using the case-study method in texts and classdiscussion, media reports of current Supreme Courtactions, artifacts from popular culture, and a hands-onsimulation of the Supreme Court itself, this course surveysthe American approach to constitutionalism; the overallframework of the American legal system; the decisionmakingprocesses of the Supreme Court; and the SupremeCourt’s interpretation of those civil rights and professionalprocedures associated with the operation of the criminaljustice system. Fourth Amendment search and seizurerequirements, the Exclusionary Rule, Arrests, Fifth Amendmentdue process issues, the Miranda Warnings, SixthAmendment right to counsel and jury trail issues, andEighth Amendment bail, fine, and punishment issues,including asset forfeiture and capital punishment are ofparticular interest. Students taking this course at the 300level have the additional advantage of more comprehensivecoverage of these issues and valuable practice in briefingrelevant cases. Identical to CJ 270/370. Prerequisites: nonefor 270; for POLS 370, junior status or consent, for CJ370, either CJ 200 or 205. Offered spring of evennumberedyears.303 Urban Politics (3)Students examine scholarly perspectives on theevolution of political processes, institutions, theintergovernmental context, key actors and contemporaryissues in urban politics such as urban sprawl and economicdevelopment. A major part of this class is a six-weeksimulation of a city government where students take rolesof city councilors, lawyers, business leaders, and citizenactivists in making important decisions about the city’sfuture. Prerequisite: junior status. Offered each spring.307 The Presidency and theAmerican Political System (3)Focuses on the institutions and processes of Americangovernment in regard to the presidency. Offered intermittently.321 Political Writings of Latin America (3)Readings of the political writings of selected LatinAmerican thinkers. Relationship of political writings tocontemporary culture, society and government of LatinAmerica. Also cross-listed as SPAN 321 in which casereadings and writing are done in Spanish. Offered each fall.323 Topics in Public Policy Analysis (3) (S) WUsing policy analysis models students examine a set ofsubstantive public policy issues to establish the issuecontext, define the policy problems, and evaluatealternative solutions. Topics may differ each semester andinclude, but are not limited to, the environment, healthcare, crime, urban policy, poverty, and welfare. Identical toENVS 323. Offered each spring.326 Environmental Policy Analysis (3) (S) WExamines environmental politics and policy by studyinga set of substantive environmental policy issues to establishthe issue context, define the policy problems and evaluatealternative solutions. Offered each semester.335 American Government (3) (S)Acquaints students with the workings of our system offederal government. The Constitution, the presidency,Congress, the Supreme Court, political parties and theregulatory agencies are treated as separate units of a unifiedfocus upon our institutions of national government.Offered each fall.343 Public Administration (3) (S)Contemporary approaches to policy-making anddecision-making techniques are reviewed in light of thevalues represented in them and their promises for servingthe public interest. We review classic and modern theoriesof bureaucracy; the history, development, and philosophicalassumptions of the science of administration; the structureand functioning of American federal, state, and localadministration; the budget-making process; governmentregulations of business and society; and the majorchallenges facing governmental professionals in our time.Identical to HHS 343. Offered each spring.344 European Union in World Politics (3) (S)Examines the foreign policies of European countries,both individually and collectively through the EuropeanUnion, toward each other, regional and intergovernmentalorganizations, and other regions of the world. Exploresother issues related to Europe’s economic and politicalintegration, including national identities, democraticaccountability, the Union’s expansion, US-Europeanrelations, the European Constitution, Turkey’s bid to jointhe Union, and immigration and Islam in Europe.Prerequisite: junior status or consent. Offered on demand.353 Globalization and Its Discontents (3) (S)(Winter Session)The theoretical, political, economic, and institutionalfoundations and practices of free trade are studied. Casestudies are developed by students from Internet data on theissues and stakeholders in the globalization debate and theimpact of their activities. Included among these are humanrights, environment, and labor groups; the World Bank; theWorld Trade Organization; and global corporation. Offeredin selected Winter Sessions.

146 POLITICAL SCIENCE359 Political Science Study Abroad (3)Offers students the opportunity to combine the study ofpolitical science with travel abroad. This faculty-led coursefocuses on subfields such as theory, comparative politics,international relations and/or public policy in a meaningfulforeign location. Offered on demand.360 The Media and 20th CenturyAmerican Foreign Policy (3)Tells the story of American foreign policy in the 20thCentury, “The American Century” as Henry Luce put it,focusing not only on traditional themes and interests, suchas Isolationism, Imperialism, The Open Door,Interventionism, Internationalism, and Anti-Communism,but also on the interplay of media, public perceptions andopinion, and foreign policy choices by presidents and otherdecision-makers in the pursuit of national security, theAmerican way of life, and prosperity during times of peaceand war. Prerequisite: junior status or consent. Offered fallof odd-numbered years.371 Constitutional Law I:The Federal System (3)Government regulation of business, privacy, abortion,the origins and extent of the Supreme Court’s authority,and due process of law are among the specific topics thatthis course considers, using the case study method in lightof current historical and political analyses. We focus on therelationship of the federal government to the states and theSupreme Court to the Congress and the president, as wellas the role played by the court and the judicial philosophiesof individual justices. Prerequisite: junior/senior status orconsent. Offered fall of even-numbered years.372 Constitutional Law II:Substantive Rights (3)Privacy rights, rights of accused criminals, racial,economic, and sex discrimination in schools, jobs, andhousing, reverse discrimination, and freedom of expressionand religion are particular concerns of this course, whichexamines through the case study method, together withhistorical and political analyses, the nature of the SupremeCourt’s authority and its relationships to other branches ofAmerican government, equal protection of the laws, andFirst Amendment rights. Prerequisite: junior/senior statusor consent. Offered spring of odd-numbered years.373 Conflict Management (3) (S) WExamines conflict processes within and between organizationsand alternative approaches to conflict management,drawing on the contributions of several disciplines andexperience in organization, community and labor disputemanagement. Identical to CJ 373 and MBE 373. Offeredeach fall.374 Conflict Management II (3)Identical to CJ 374.380 Arab-Israeli Conflict (3)A political history of the Arab-Israeli conflict at multiplelevels of analysis. Not only does it examine traditionalmacro-level (interstate and national) accounts of theconflict, but it also draws from supplementary academicarticles and works of fiction to illustrate a variety ofadditional perspectives, including individual and grouplevelexperiences. Offered spring of odd-numbered years.433 Political Theory: Ancient (3) WIntroduces students to the classic works in ancientpolitical philosophy. The readings and discussions center onthe works of ancient philosophers, historians, andplaywrights. How did political philosophers such as Platoand Aristotle deal with issues such as justice, obligation,equality, the common good, the role of reason, the aims ofgovernment and the nature of politics? Many of theproblems that political theorists confront in light of certainfundamental questions about society and politics areexamined. The work of theorists from Plato to Aquinas areincluded. Prerequisite: junior status or consent. Offeredeach fall.434 Political Theory: Modern (3) (V)Students analyze and evaluate some of the major themesin modern political theory such as natural rights, politicalequality and distributive justice. Selections include theworks of Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Mill,Smith, Marx, and Nietzsche. Our goal is to consider theideas of these authors and to understand more clearly theprofound and complex role that ideas have played, andcontinue to play, in society. In addition, we deal with somecontemporary responses to their work. Offered each spring.435 Contemporary Theories of Justice (3)In this seminar, students read and discuss four of themost important texts in contemporary liberal debates aboutjustice. The aim is to understand the alternative views ofpolitical society and justice presented in these texts and toconsider the choice worthiness of each alternative. Thebooks read are: Anarchy, State, and Utopia; A Theory ofJustice; Justice Gender and the Family; and The Limits ofJustice. Offered on demand.440 Seminar: American Foreign Policy (3)Examines American foreign policy formation. The firstsection focuses on the foreign policy process, while thesecond section is devoted to case studies of specific foreignpolicy decisions in American history. Provides a frameworkfor informed evaluation of American foreign policy.Prerequisite: junior/senior status or consent. Offeredintermittently.465 Wisdom of the Sages:Chinese Political Thought (3) (V) WA survey of Chinese political thought from classicaltimes to the 20th century. Included are works from the

PORTFOLIO147Confucian, Legalist, and Daoist schools, as well as such20th century figures as Sun Yat-sen, Mao Tse-tung andDeng Shao-peng. Prerequisite: Honors and Scholarsstudents or consent. Offered spring of even-numberedyears.495 Pre-Internship Seminar (3)Designed to prepare the student for a successfulinternship experience. Students explore the meaning ofwork and careers and examine how their knowledge andvalues are part of the work and career in which they areinterested. Application for admission to the program mustbe made to the political science faculty during the student’sjunior year. Prerequisites: 12 semester hours of politicalscience and an overall grade point average of at least 2.5.Offered each fall.497 Political Science Internship Seminar (3)Students learn to use theories, knowledge, and valuesstudied in political science and other courses to interprettheir internship field experiences and make generalizationsabout their learning. Corequisite: POLS 498. Offered ondemand.498 Political Science Internship Program (12)Political science majors apply the knowledge and skillslearned in their political science classes in a full-time,semester-long internship. The field experience can be in,but is not limited to, government agencies at the local,state, and federal levels; law, law enforcement, non-profits,political parties, social service. Prerequisites: 15 semesterhours of political science, including POLS 495. Offered ondemand in the spring semester.499 Senior Seminar (3) (I)Required of all students wishing to graduate fromVirginia Wesleyan with a major in political science. Thecourse is team taught by members of the department andfocuses upon a different topic each spring. Examples ofseminars offered in the past are: Democratization andDevelopment; Politics and the Media; War and Peace in theNuclear Age; Political Development and Changes in LatinAmerica and Asia; and Images of Justice. Open to allstudents. Offered each spring.PORTFOLIODR. LAWRENCE D. HULTGREN, DirectorPORTfolio is a selective four-year program that allowsstudents to integrate their college education with offcampusexperiential opportunities. The purpose ofPORTfolio is to provide a curriculum through whichstudents can build the foundation for the knowledge,attitudes, and skills that are necessary for life-long personalsatisfaction, professional success and civic responsibility. Bydissolving the wall separating academics from the worldoutside, it connects liberal learning with the surroundingcommunity. Each student in the program maintains andcontinually updates an electronic portfolio that documentsher/his four years at VWC.Students apply and are accepted as new in-comingfreshmen. The program includes at least one speciallydesigned seminar a year, an internship and Winter Sessioncourses for externships and service learning. Completion ofthe program satisfies VWC’s computer literacy and oralcommunications requirement as well as other GeneralStudies requirements. The program is taken in addition toone’s major.PORTFOLIO COURSES (PORT)121 Intro to PORTfolio Program (3)A time of self-exploration and discovery involving closework with faculty mentors and other PORTfolio students.Readings, off-campus explorations, and the development ofan electronic portfolio assist students in clarifying their ownreasons for coming to VWC, their purposes while they arehere, and the unique resources that they bring to thelearning process. In addition, students expand on theirconnections to the Chesapeake Bay environment and theinternational port of Hampton Roads and begin to usethese unique resources to enrich their education.Prerequisite: admission to PORTfolio Program. Taken inthe fall of the freshman year.122 Liberal Arts Seminar (3)What are the liberal arts, and why spend four good yearsstudying them? In the U.S., the liberal arts are housedinstitutionally in colleges and the undergraduate programsof universities. In this context, the two questions from thefirst sentence in this paragraph may be rephrased as: Whatare colleges? What are they for? How do they try toaccomplish their goals? These questions are approached inseveral ways. One is historical. How did colleges in general,and VWC in particular, get to be the way they (it) are (is)?Where do the various ideas of what it means to be liberallyeducated come from? A second is more philosophical. Whatdoes it mean to know something? How would you teach,given different answers to that question? Another isnormatively. What should colleges in general be doing?What kind of curriculum should we, at Virginia Wesleyan,have? Offered each spring.123 Hampton Roads Service Learning (1)(Winter Session)Introduces and raises the civic consciousness of studentsabout issues that impact the Hampton Roads community.Fostering an attitude of engaged citizenship is its goal.Students gain an understanding of issues from social,environmental, economic, national security and legislativeperspectives. Students are introduced to two issue-basedprojects through on-site presentations. They choose oneand learn about that issue through a week of research andlecture followed by a week of direct service experience. Thefinal week includes guided exercises in reflection and

148 PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT SERIESassessment in which students learn how their experiencemay fit into a larger picture and how they can be part ofsolutions to community issues. Prerequisite: PORTfoliostudents, PORT 121 or consent; non-PORTfolio students,no prerequisites. Identical to INST 123. Offered in selectedWinter Sessions.124 Service Learning in Hampton Roads (3)(Winter Session)Introduces and raises the civic consciousness of studentsabout issues that impact the Hampton Roads community.Fostering an attitude of engaged citizenship is its goal.Students gain an understanding of issues from social,environmental, economic and civic perspectives. Studentsare introduced to an issue-based project and investigate theissue in depth through a week of research, lecture andpresentation by local experts. This is followed by a week ofdirect service experience working with a local agency whichdeals with that issue. Reflection, assessment, considerationof broader contexts and construction of a follow-up plan tocontinue efforts addressing this issue cap the course.Identical to INST 124. Prerequisite: consent of programdirector. Offered each Winter Session.221 Problem Solving Seminar (3)A course for sophomores participating in PORTfolio. Itdevelops problem-solving skills in students by having themwork out solutions, individually and collaboratively, to“real-life” situations. Various strategies are examined andemployed culminating in “Guided Design.” Prerequisite:PORT 122. Offered each fall.225 PORTfolio Career Study (3)(Winter Session)Designed to provide an in-depth introduction to acareer field of choice, an externship experience within thatcareer field, and subsequent reporting and processing.Students spend the first week researching the career choicemade in previous PORTfolio courses and the site at whichthey will extern. The second week consists of the on-siteexternship. The final week is used to document, process andpresent the lessons learned. Final reflection and summaryare included in an updated electronic portfolio. Offeredeach Winter Session and upon request during a three-weeksummer session.311 Director’s Seminar (1)Provides a venue for PORTfolio students to investigatein depth some topic of relevance as well as have anopportunity to stay abreast of current developments incareer and graduate school planning. The class meets oncea week over dinner with visiting speakers and presentationsby Career Services staff. Prerequisite: sophomore status inthe PORTfolio program or consent of the program director.Offered each fall or on demand.420 President’s Senior Seminar (1)Provides the capstone to the PORTfolio experience.This seminar, taught by the President of Virginia WesleyanCollege, focuses on ethical values, commitment tocommunity and ways in which students can put theirliberal learning to work for the “good,” personally andcollectively. Prerequisite: senior status in PORTfolio.Corequisite: PORT 421. Offered each spring.421 Senior Synthesis and Segue (2)Provides the capstone to the PORTfolio experience.Students reflect, synthesize and write about their four yearsof learning experiences. A focus on ethical values allowsstudents to discover ways in which they can put their liberallearning “to work” for the common good. Emphasizingresponsibilities to oneself, to each other, and to thecommunity, the transition from college to “the rest of theirlives” is explored and prepared. The student’s electronicportfolio is finalized through the addition of theirreflections, synthesis, explorations, and preparations. Prerequisite:senior status in PORTfolio. Corequisite: PORT420. Offered each spring.PROFESSIONALDEVELOPMENT SERIESThe professional development series of courses isdesigned for individuals currently teaching in a classroomsetting. Teachers are provided insight and direction inpreparation for obtaining National Board Certification.Questions should be directed to Mr. Thomas R. Farley inthe Adult Studies Program office.PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENTSERIES COURSES (PDS)NB1 Professional Development andPre-Candidacy for NationalBoard Certification (3 non-degree)Designed for individuals who are currently teaching in aclassroom setting. Teachers are introduced to the mission,goals, and processes of the National Board for ProfessionalTeaching Standards. At the same time they explore anddetermine their levels of interest in seeking National BoardCertification. While the course encourages teachers to seekNational Board Certification, it also serves as anopportunity for teachers to critically consider strategies toimprove their teaching and to impact student learning.Teachers investigate and demonstrate “best teachingpractices” across their specific curricula and grade level(K-12) through use of professional journals and referencematerials, production of a professional reading report,designing and executing a content improvement plan,videotaping a lesson, implementing new differentiatedinstructional strategies, and creating an essay about thevideotaped lesson with learning strategy implementationusing descriptive, analytical and reflective writing. Pass/failgrading. Offered fall, spring, and summer semesters.

PSYCHOLOGY149NB2 Personalized Professional Growthand National BoardCertification(2 non-degree)Teachers engage in a guided study centered on apersonal professional development program working froman overview of the candidate process and guided by themission, goals, and processes of the National Board forProfessional Teaching Standards. Teachers investigate “bestteaching practices” across the curricula and grade levels,K-12. Major topics are the portfolio requirements andassessment center exercises, including videotaping thestudents’ class for NBPTS review, descriptive, analyticaland reflective writing styles, NBPTS Assessment Centerexercises and collected student work samples are covered. Inaddition, many skills such as questioning, differentiatedinstructional strategies and protfolio maintenance aredeveloped and revised. Pass/fail grading. Offered fall andspring semesters.NB3 National Board Standardsin Your Classroom(1 non-degree)Designed for individuals who are currently teaching in aclassroom setting. Teachers are introduced to the mission,goals, and processes of the National Board for ProfessionalTeaching Standards. At the same time they explore anddetermine their levels of interest in seeking National BoardCertification. While the course encourages teachers to seekNational Board Certification, it also serves as anopportunity for teachers to critically consider strategies toimprove their teaching and to impact student learning.Teachers investigate and demonstrate “best teachingpractices” across their specific curricula and grade level(K-12) through the use of professional journals andreference materials, production of a professional readingreport, designing and executing a content improvementplan, videotaping a lesson, implementing newdifferentiated instructional strategies, and creating an essayabout the videotaped lesson with learning strategyimplementation using descriptive, analytical and reflectivewriting. Pass/fail grading. Offered fall, spring, and summer.PSYCHOLOGYDR. RITA E. FRANKDR. CRAIG C. JACKSON, Program CoordinatorDR. HILARY E. STEBBINSBecause psychology has developed as essentially aninterdisciplinary subject, historically related to philosophyand biology, it is well-suited as a major for students seekinga diversified education that will advance understanding ofthemselves and others. In addition, those students desiringto enter one of the specialties of professional psychologythat requires the master’s degree or the doctorate will findthe psychology curriculum specifically designed to provideappropriate preparation for graduate study.Major RequirementsCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLESEM.HRS.PSY 2013General PsychologyOne of the following Natural Sciences courses:PSY 341Cognitive DevelopmentPSY 348Language DevelopmentPSY 362MotivationPSY 3703The Construction of Perceptual RealityPSY 377Nature of Human ConsciousnessPSY 388CognitionPSY 455Biological PsychologyOne of the following Social Sciences courses:PSY 327Social PsychologyPSY 337Advanced Developmental PsychologyPSY 355Theories of Personality3PSY 374Adolescent DevelopmentPSY 466Abnormal PsychologyPSY 468Current Psychoanalytic TheoriesOne of the following Applied Psychologycourses:PSY 322Organizational PsychologyPSY 324Group DynamicsPSY 333 3Assessment of Individual DifferencesPSY 350Psychology and the LawPSY 445EcopsychologyAll of the following Research Methodologycourses:PSY 310Quantitative Analysis of Research DataPSY 320Designing and Evaluating Research 9in PsychologyPSY 480Original Research ProjectSee continuation of choices next page

150 PSYCHOLOGYChart continued from previous pageAdditional psychology coursesat the 200 level 3Additional psychology coursesat the 300 or 400 level 12MATH 1063StatisticsTOTAL 39Due to the interdisciplinary nature of our subject,students who are considering becoming psychology majorsshould work closely with their academic adviser in selectinggeneral studies and elective courses that will provide themwith necessary background knowledge. Courses in thehumanities and the natural sciences are particularlyappropriate.The Psychology Major With anInternship in Health and Human ServicesStudents who wish to be most advantageously preparedfor employment in a helping profession immediately afterearning their bachelor degrees should confer with a facultymember in our Health and Human Services department foradvice in scheduling certain additional courses that areprerequisites for being placed as an intern with a localcommunity agency during their senior year. These coursesinclude HHS 201, 302, either PSY/HHS 337 or HHS 338,and 401.The Psychology Major asPreparation for the Health-Care ProfessionsStudents expecting to enter schools of medicine,dentistry, or other health-care fields after earning theirbachelor degrees can major in psychology as undergraduatesand still have time to take essential courses in the naturalsciences. Practitioners who are able to consider thepsychological factors that contribute to their patients’complaints and reactions to treatment often find thathaving access to this perspective improves their diagnosticand therapeutic effectiveness. The College’s pre-med adviseris prepared to describe how this curricular integration canbe achieved through careful planning.Minor RequirementsCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLE(See p. 31 for general minor requirements)SEM.HRS.One general survey course:PSY 201 or 4773One of the following Natural Sciences courses:PSY 277, 362, 341, 348, 370, 377, 388, 4553One of the following Social Sciences courses:PSY 245, 266, 327, 337, 355, 374, 466, 468 3One of the followingApplied Psychology courses:PSY 255, 257, 322, 324, 333, 350, 445 3Additional course work in psychology 6TOTAL 18The minor must include at least 9 semester hours ofpsychology course work taken at VWC. Minor programsmay not include PSY 300, 303, 310, 320 or 480. Nomore than eight semester hours of psychology taken aspart of some major may be counted toward fulfillment ofthe requirements for this minor. At least 9 hours must betaken at the 300/400 level. See a psychology adviser forsuggestions about minor courses that best fit your majorarea.PSYCHOLOGY COURSES (PSY)201 General Psychology (3)Provides a broad survey of the methods, issues, theories,and research findings that currently define the multifacetedfield of psychology. No prerequisites, but intendedprimarily for freshmen and sophomores; upperclassmen byconsent only. Offered each semester.245 Child Development Across Cultures (3) (S)Explores representative topics in child developmentfrom a cross-cultural perspective. The goal of thisexploration is to uncover universal as well as culture-specificdevelopmental phenomena. Students who enroll in thiscourse leave with an appreciation of the challenges faced bythose who are born into one culture but mature and areschooled in another. No prerequisites, but intendedprimarily for freshmen and sophomores; upperclassmen byconsent only. Offered fall of even-numbered years.255 Introduction to Industrial Psychology (3)Presents an overview of individual, environmental, andorganizational factors that affect job-related behavior.Topics considered include the selection, testing, andmotivation of personnel, job analysis, performanceevaluation, and leadership. No prerequisites, but intendedprimarily for freshmen and sophomores; upperclassmen byconsent only. Offered when circumstances permit.257 Introduction to Sports Psychology (3)Describes how various psychological theories andprinciples are applied in the domain of athletics. Topicscovered include leadership development, team building,motivation, training, and the management of anxiety.Prerequisite: PSY 201. Offered when circumstances permit.266 Psychology of the Healthy Personality (3)Examines the characteristics of fully functioning, selfactualizingindividuals. Theories involving the developmentand maintenance of the healthy personality are investigated.

PSYCHOLOGY151A variety of viewpoints on how an individual might attainoptimal psychological well-being are discussed. No prerequisites,but intended primarily for freshmen andsophomores; upperclassmen by consent only. Offered eachspring.277 Learning Theory (3) (E)The highly influential and controversial perspectiveknown as behaviorism is explored, first by helping studentsunderstand the logical basis for its characteristic insistencethat only objectively measurable behavior can be subject togenuinely scientific investigation, and then by demonstratinghow its principles have guided much ofpsychology’s inquiry about the form of learning known asconditioning. Applications in the areas of therapy, selfmanagement,and behavior modification in organizationsare described. Also considered are the ethical issues thathave been raised concerning the use of this approach. Noprerequisites, but intended primarily for freshmen andsophomores; upperclassmen by consent only. Offered fall ofeven-numbered years.280 The Descriptive Methods ofPsychological Science (4)(E)Focuses on the theory and practice of interviewing,direct observation, and the collection of unobtrusivemeasures within the context of special topics (e.g., positivepsychology). Orientation to these special topics is followedby a discussion of the descriptive methods listed above, arelevant field experience, opportunities to learn how toorganize, analyze, and draw conclusions from data collectedduring these experiences, in-class critiques of each experience,and the creation of summative reflective memos. Weconclude with an evaluation of our efforts and an explicitcomparison of qualitative and quantitative approaches toasking and answering research questions. Prerequisites: atleast sophomore status, PSY 201, or consent. Offered eachspring.300 Teaching Assistants’ Program (1, 2, or 3)On the basis of superior performance in psychologycourses and evidence of an ability to communicate well,students may be invited to participate in this program. EachTeaching Assistant (TA) will be assigned duties that supportthe instructional objectives of the psychology faculty andthat provide occasions for learning more about psychologyand for developing better interpersonal skills. A studentaccepted into the program may enroll for one, two, or threesemester hours depending on the nature and extent of theresponsibilities that are assigned. A student may enroll forPSY 300 more than once, but may apply no more than atotal of three semester hours earned in this manner towardsatisfaction of the requirements for a major in psychology.Pass/fail grading. Offered when circumstances permit.303 Resident Community Leadership (1)Resident Assistants (RAs) develop their skills as peercounselors and group leaders. RAs will share theirexperiences through group discussions and structuredprocesses. Enrollment limited to current ResidentAssistants. Pass/fail grading. Offered each semester.310 Quantitative Analysis of Research Data (3)Emphasizes the data analysis side of psychologicalresearch, stressing understanding of the fit of analysistechniques with data collection methods and researchdesign. Selection of the appropriate statistic, computation,and interpretation of results is stressed for the morecommon parametric and some nonparametric statistics.The use of multivariate statistics and their interpretationwhen they are encountered in the research literature isbriefly introduced although multivariate computation isnot addressed. Prerequisites: junior/senior status, MATH106 and declared major in psychology or consent. Offeredeach fall.320 Designing & EvaluatingResearch in Psychology (3)(E) WBy the end of the term, each student proposes anexperiment that reflects by its design a properunderstanding of the scientific method as an approach forstudying psychological phenomena. In order to develop therequisite skills for this effort, class presentations willconcentrate on such matters as using the professionalliterature, the logic of experimentally based inquiry,selection of appropriate data-gathering strategies, and theethical responsibilities of those who perform psychologicalresearch. Prerequisites: junior/senior status and at least 9semester hours in psychology including PSY 310 orconsent. Offered each spring.322 Organizational Psychology (3)Focuses on the interaction of individuals andorganizations with an emphasis on the world of work.Strategies for improving organizational effectiveness areexplored in terms of such factors as work design,institutional and individual development, motivationalsystems, social dynamics, and leadership patterns.Prerequisites: junior/senior status, and any 200-levelpsychology course. Offered spring of odd-numbered years.324 Group Dynamics (3)By participating as a member of a small group, eachstudent gains firsthand knowledge of the factors that needto be monitored and controlled in order for such a workunit to respond productively to the obligations placed uponit. Classroom presentations prepared by the groups aimtoward raising each individual’s consciousness about variousissues related to collective functioning (e.g., leadershipstyles, goal-setting techniques, decision-making strategies,maintenance of group cohesion, and providing for effectivecommunication). Prerequisites: junior/senior status, any200-level course in psychology, or EDUC 225 and consent.Offered each fall.

152 PSYCHOLOGY327 Social Psychology (3)Our development as socialized human beings is shapedthrough our interactions with groups of other people. Inturn, the structure and function of both the formal andinformal groups that exist in a society are shaped by thepersonalities of the individuals who comprise theirmembership. In this course, students discover bothacademically and experientially the nature of such grouprelatedpsychological dynamics as attitude formation,interpersonal attraction, social conflict, and bureaucraticorganization. Identical to SOC 327. Prerequisite: junior/senior status and six semester hours of either psychology orsociology. Offered each fall.333 Assessment of Individual Differences (3) (E)An examination of the theoretical and practicalconsiderations involved in the construction, administration,and interpretation of psychological tests to measuresuch factors as achievement, aptitudes, interests, andpersonality structure. Prerequisite: junior/senior status andany 200-level psychology course. Offered fall of oddnumberedyears.337 Advanced Developmental Psychology (3)Describes the physical, social, emotional, and cognitivechanges that occur during the period from conceptionthrough adolescence and the interrelationships among thesechanges that form, along with social and cultural contexts,the mature individual. Although emphasis is placed onnormal development, a representative sample of child andadolescent emotional and behavioral disorders arediscussed. An integral part of this course is to have studentsunderstand how the findings of developmental psychologicalresearch may be applied to real-world concerns.Prerequisites: junior/senior status and any 200-levelpsychology course; freshmen and sophomores by consentonly. Identical to HHS 337. Offered each fall.341 Cognitive Development (3)Familiarizes students with the normal course ofcognitive development during childhood and adolescence,the specific and general theories that seek to explain thatdevelopment, and the literature that relates cognitivedevelopmental findings to the acquisition of academicskills. Prerequisites: junior/senior status and any 200-levelpsychology course or EDUC 225. Offered spring of evennumberedyears.348 Language Development (3) WFamiliarizes students with the phonological, syntactic,semantic, and pragmatic aspects of both normal andatypical language development as it proceeds throughoutlife. Issues relating to oral and written language will beaddressed. Prerequisites: junior/senior status and any200-level psychology course. Offered fall of odd-numberedyears.350 Psychology and the Law (3)Presents an opportunity to view the practicalapplication of psychology within the criminal justicesystem. The foundations of forensic psychology areillustrated by examining criminal events covered in thelocal and national news media. Prerequisites: junior/seniorstatus and PSY 201. Offered when circumstances permit.355 Theories of Personality (3)A survey of the major theoretical descriptions of personalitystructure beginning with Freud’s psychodynamicmodel and tracing developments thereafter throughexposure to significant alternative viewpoints. Prerequisites:junior/senior status and any 200-level psychology course.Offered each fall.356 Abnormal Psychology (3)The various categories of disturbed behavior aredescribed in terms of their defining symptom patterns.Causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention are alsodiscussed. Prerequisite: junior status, any 200-levelpsychology course or consent. Offered each spring.360 Theories of Motivation:Animal Behavior (3)Presents the theories of motivation with particularemphasis on how they apply to animal behavior. Thebiological systems underlying motivational processes areoutlined and discussed. There are visits to local animal careand training facilities, individual or group projects, andreport writing. Prerequisites: junior/senior status, PSY 201and 277. Offered intermittently.362 Theories of Motivation:Human Behavior (3)The activation, direction and maintenance of goalorientedbehavior is studied from a variety of theoreticalperspectives. The primary focus is on conscious behaviorssuch as goal-setting, selection of self versus otherperspectives and the effects of such orientations on behavioras well as psychological needs, and specific topics such asaltruism and aggression. Prerequisites: junior/senior statusand PSY 201. Offered fall of even-numbered years.370 The Construction ofPerceptual/Reality (3)Because the effectiveness of adjustment to one’s physicaland social surroundings is affected by how the individualinterprets environmental events, a genuine understandingof behavior depends on a knowledge of the mechanismsthat construct personal realities. This course traces thephysiological and psychological events that lead fromstimulation of the sensory systems to the eventualemergence of perceptually guided responses. Prerequisite:junior/senior status. Offered fall of even-numbered years.

PSYCHOLOGY153374 Adolescent Development (3)Provides a comprehensive and in-depth examination ofthe physical, social, emotional, and cognitive aspects ofadolescent development. Both normal outcomes andspecial problems are addressed. Prerequisites: junior/seniorstatus and PSY 201 or consent. Offered spring of oddnumberedyears.377 Nature of Human Consciousness (3)Students read a wide variety of works that provide acontext for inquiring about the origin of consciousness andits relationship to unconscious mental activities. The highlyanalytical, manipulative, and verbal states of mind arecompared to those that are more integrative, receptive, andmagical. Evidence is presented that these two modes ofoperation can lead to sharply contrasting conceptions ofwhat is true, possible, and worthy. The ultimate objective isto understand how the interplay of these distinctive, yetcomplementary, styles of information processing shapeseach person’s subjective version of reality. Prerequisites:junior/senior status and any 200-level psychology course.Offered intermittently.388 Cognition (3)Examines research findings that help us understand howpeople perceive, remember, and think. These informationprocessingfunctions are described in terms of interactingmental activities such as pattern recognition, allocation ofattention, concept formation, encoding, hypothesis testing,and internal monitoring of problem-solving strategies.Evaluation of a person’s intelligence is viewed as adiagnostic task that attempts to assess the relative efficiencyof these various processing components. Extensiveopportunities are provided for students to gain valuableinsights regarding their own cognitive skills. Prerequisites:junior/senior status and any 200-level psychology course.Offered spring of odd-numbered years.389 Topics in Psychology (3)An advanced seminar designed to study the primaryliterature on various announced topics in psychology.Topics will vary from semester to semester and may include,but are not limited to: community psychology, correctionalpsychology, ethics, interpersonal relationships, and psychologyof women. May be repeated for credit as topics change.Prerequisite: junior/senior status, any 200-level psychologycourse or consent. Offered intermittently.394 “Reel” to “Real” to “Reel”: PsychologicalReality in Cinema, Story, and Science (3)(Winter Session)An explanation of psychological topics of interestthrough the multiple lenses of nonfiction writing, films,and scientific reporting. How do each of these ways oftelling us about ourselves shape our understanding ofpsychological reality? How do our background andexperiences, including our understanding of psychologicalreality, shape our understanding of the psychologicalthemes that are embedded in nonfiction writing and infilm? Why is it important to answer these two reciprocalquestions? To assist us in our search for answers, we readspecific memoirs, biographies and scientific works inaddition to viewing related films. Clinical, social psychological,and developmental themes are emphasized; and bothindividual and societal consequences of alternative ways of“knowing” psychological realtiy are discussed. Prerequisites:junior/senior status, any 200-level psychology course orconsent. Offered in selected Winter Sessions.445 Ecopsychology (3) (I)Integrates elements of ecology (the science and study ofhabitat) and psychology (the science and study of behavior)in an effort to explore historical and contemporaryenvironmental issues and problems. Ecopsychology also hasroots in theology, philosophy, anthropology, and activistpolitics. Concepts are applied both to urban and wildernessenvironments and to both humans and wildlife. Aspects ofWestern intellectual thought that influence contemporaryviews about nature are examined. Particular fields andtheories of psychology are studied and applied toenvironmental difficulties. An assumption of this course isthat it is crucial to understand the roles of human behavior,beliefs, decisions, and values as both causes and solutions ofenvironmental problems. Prerequisites: junior/senior statusand completion of most General Studies requirements.Offered each fall.455 Biological Psychology (3)Comparative and evolutionary perspectives are utilizedin an attempt to understand how the anatomical andphysiological characteristics of the endocrine and nervoussystems relate to cognitive and affective psychologicalfunctions. Prerequisites: junior/senior status and PSY 201.Offered fall of even-numbered years.468 Current Psychoanalytic Theories (3)Provides an overview of modern psychoanalyticconcepts of mental illness and health. Topics includeautonomous ego, object-relations theory, affect theory,sexual and aggressive drives, and defense mechanisms.Prerequisite: junior/senior status, PSY 355, 466 or consent.Offered intermittently.477 History & Systems ofModern Psychology (3)(I)An interdisciplinary examination of the history andsystems of modern psychology focusing primarily on theperiod from the late nineteenth century to the present.Students experience this history through studying the livesof eminent psychologists who contributed to the discipline,their major ideas as presented in their original writings, theschools of thought which they founded or to which theygave allegiance, and the times in which they lived.Understanding the intellectual, social, political, andeconomic context in which particular ideas flourished orwere supplanted are a particular concern. Students leave thecourse with a solid grounding in the history of thediscipline of psychology as well as an appreciation for its

154 RECREATION AND LEISURE STUDIESpresent concerns and future prospects. They also develop anappreciation for the ways in which the field of psychology,as it has evolved from its founding to the present, hasinfluenced American society. Prerequisites: junior/seniorstatus and completion of most general studiesrequirements. Offered each fall.480 Original Research Project (3) WEach student performs an independently createdempirical study, reports on the project in a formal writtenpresentation, and defends the effort in an oral examinationbefore a committee comprised of two members of thepsychology faculty, one of whom must be the projectadviser, and a third faculty person recruited from anotherdiscipline. Prerequisites: senior psychology major, priorapproval by project adviser of a written proposal, PSY 310,and 320. Offered each semester.RECREATION ANDLEISURE STUDIESAccredited by the Council on Accreditation sponsoredby the National Recreation and Park Association.MR. JOHN R. BRALEY IIIDR. DOUGLAS A. KENNEDY, Program CoordinatorMRS. NANCY D. MONTGOMERYMR. WAYNE M. POLLOCKThe course offerings in recreation and leisure studies aredesigned to provide meaningful and effective learningexperiences for major and non-major students alike.The interdisciplinary major in the recreation and leisurestudies department should be of particular interest tostudents who anticipate careers in recreation professions. Bycombining the concepts, skills, and perspectives ofrecreation and leisure studies courses with carefully selectedelective courses, students may expect to meet the intent ofa liberal arts degree in addition to their career objectives inthe recreation profession.A combination of academic study and practicalexperience will provide the basis for the development ofpersonal leadership, supervisory, and administrative skills.Beginning with the fall 2005 semester, students mustearn a grade of C or better in all REC-prefix core coursesprior to starting their internship in Recreation & LeisureStudies (REC 403).Major Core RequirementsCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLESEM.HRS.REC 101Introduction to Recreation & 3Leisure ServicesREC 200Therapeutic Recreation:Inclusion and Community OR 3REC 201Introduction to Therapeutic RecreationREC 203Technology Application in Recreation 1& Leisure StudiesREC 204Leadership & Analysis of Recreation3REC 205Leadership & Analysis Lab1REC 206Management of Recreation & Leisure Services3REC 300Recreation Program Principles ORREC 301 3Therapeutic Recreation ProgramPlanning & EvaluationREC 302Design & Maintenance of 3Recreation FacilitiesREC 303Pre-Internship Seminar1REC 304History, Philosophy & Trends of 3Recreation & LeisureREC 401Seminar in Recreation & Leisure Studies3REC 403Internship in Recreation & Leisure Studies12HE 201Safety & First Aid3INST 330Methods of Social Research3HHS 336Human Growth and Development: 3Life Course ApproachOne of the following:SOC 303Small GroupsPSY 324 3Group DynamicsREC 369Group Facilitation MethodsTOTAL 54ADDITIONAL COURSES NEEDED FORCONCENTRATION IN THERAPEUTICRECREATION (MINIMUM OF9 SEMESTER HOURS)See continuation of choices next page

RECREATION AND LEISURE STUDIES155Chart continued from previous pageREC 211Therapeutic Recreation Programming 3for the AgedREC 3103Disabilities & Therapeutic RecreationREC 312Treatment Techniques in 3Therapeutic RecreationREC 314Therapeutic Recreation Activity 3Analysis & AssessmentREC 3183Clinical Skills for Therapeutic RecreationREC 3191Practicum in Recreational TherapyADDITIONAL COURSES REQUIREDFOR CTRS EXAM (MINIMUMOF 9 SEMESTER HOURS)PSY 201General PsychologyPSY 466Abnormal PsychologyBIO 221Anatomy & PhysiologyADDITIONAL COURSESREQUIRED FOR CONCENTRATIONIN LEADERSHIPREC 234 or 334, 324and 2 from the following:REC 224Outdoor Recreation & EducationREC 321Organization & Administration ofIntramurals & Community-CenteredActivitiesHE 222Instructing Health & Wellness ProgramsPE 300Coaching of Team SportsADDITIONAL COURSESREQUIRED FOR CONCENTRATIONIN MANAGEMENTREC 234 or 334, 432 and 2from the following:REC 231 6Introduction to Sport andFacility ManagementREC 3363Commercial Recreation3343333REC 3373Travel and TourismREC 432Management of Recreation 3and Leisure Studies IIThe Department of Recreation and Leisure Studiesanticipates periodic changes in the schedule of courseofferings. Please check with a department member for anup-to-date list of course offerings.HEALTH EDUCATION COURSES (HE)100 Stress Management (1)(Winter Session)Examines forms of stress, how they affect a person’s wellbeing, and different approaches that have been developed todeal with them. Students will utilize an examination oftheir own stressors and develop new techniques for dealingwith those stressors through readings, lectures, andexperiential class assignments. Offered in selected WinterSessions.201 Safety and First Aid (3)Provides the general public with the knowledge andskills necessary to meet the needs of most emergencysituations when first-aid care is needed. It incorporatespersonal safety and accident prevention information andacquaints students with the many causes of accidents socare can be taken to eliminate or minimize such causes.Offered fall and spring of odd-numbered years.220 Concepts of Health (3)A student-centered course utilizing the conceptualapproach and designed to increase the student’s healthknowledge and develop attitudes congruent with desirablehealth-related behaviors. Emphasis is given to topics ofcurrent interest to young adults, i.e., stress, leisure lifestyle,nutrition, weight control, mental health, human sexuality,drugs, communicable diseases and disorders, and humanecology. Offered intermittently.222/322 Instructing Health &Wellness Programs (3)Designed to teach basic knowledge, practices and skillsrequired by most public and commercial health andrecreation agencies that employ college-educated wellnessand fitness instructors. Some fieldwork required.Prerequisite: junior or senior status. Offered spring of oddnumberedyears.225 Introduction to Athletic Training (3)Designed to expose the student to many areas of healthcare for athletes and their injuries. Emphasis will be onprevention, recognition, evaluation, management and basictreatment of injuries. Prerequisite: HE 201 or consent.Offered intermittently.

156 RECREATION AND LEISURE STUDIESPHYSICAL EDUCATION COURSES(PE)106 Basic Pocket Billiards (1)Offered intermittently.109 Ballet (1)Offered intermittently.114 Archery and Badminton (1)Offered intermittently.115 Beginning Tennis (1)Offered intermittently.116 Personal Fitness Training (1)Offered intermittently.118 Creative Movement (1)Offered intermittently.120 Aerobics (1)Offered intermittently.122 Coed Softball/Basketball (1)Offered intermittently.123 Ballroom Dancing (1)Offered intermittently124 Coed Volleyball/Soccer (1)Offered intermittently.126 Beginning Golf & Bowling (1)Offered intermittently.127 Introduction to Fencing (1)Offered intermittently.128 Dance Aerobics (1)Offered intermittently.129 Beginning Swimming (1)Offered intermittently.130 Martial Arts (1)Offered each semester.131 Jazz Movement (1)Offered intermittently.132 Sailing (1)Offered intermittently.133 Handball/Racquetball (1)Offered intermittently.134 Windsurfing (1)Offered intermittently.145 Beginning Scuba Diving (1)Offered intermittently.146 Yoga (1)Offered intermittently.152 Beginning Mat Pilates (1)Offered intermittently.166 Israeli Self Defense (1)Offered intermittently.177 Lifeguard Training (1)Offered intermittently.188 Indoor Climbing (1)Offered intermittently.230 Intermediate Martial Arts (1)An advanced martial arts course in karate for studentswho have mastered beginning martial arts skills and nowdesire to work on their advanced belts. Prerequisite: PE 130.Offered each semester.300 Coaching of Team Sports (3)A clinical analysis of coaching sports on recreational andvarsity level. Intended for future coaches and recreationmajors and includes: philosophy, conditioning, care ofinjuries, rules and skills of the following sports: soccer,baseball and basketball. Prerequisite: junior status orconsent. Offered fall of even-numbered years.308 Instruction Theory & Techniquesin Dance & Rhythms (3)A basic knowledge of dance history, example: ethnicorigins, social influences, style and evolution of the creativeprocess, developments in the discipline or techniques ofdance, also dance as an art form as well as a performing art.Parallels the liberal arts studies in history, sociology,philosophy, music, theatre/communications, and leisurestudies. It creates a greater understanding and appreciationof dance. Also, it specifically points out the instructionaluses and purposes of choreography. Offered intermittently.RECREATION COURSES (REC)101 Introduction to Recreation &Leisure Services (3)(S)For all students who desire to explore the varied professionsof recreation/leisure services as a possible career goalor for their personal growth and development. Recreationand leisure in historical development and today’scontemporary society plus leisure education are the majorareas of concentration. Prerequisite: freshmen/sophomoresonly; juniors/seniors by consent. Offered each semester.200 Therapeutic Recreation:Inclusion & Community (3)Designed to provide insight into issues relative topersons with disabilities residing in the community. Suchissues may include therapeutic recreation and generalrecreation needs, legal and ethical considerations, andgeneral inclusion in community services. Students developa heightened sensitivity to the barriers faced by people withdisabilities and learn to facilitate inclusion as well as strivefor normalcy in community recreation settings. Somefieldwork required. Offered each spring.201 Introduction toTherapeutic Recreation (3)Provides an overview of the profession of TherapeuticRecreation: the philosophy, practice, procedures andfoundation of services for people with disabilities or specialneeds. Students develop an understanding of theprofessional preparation, service settings and consumergroups that utilize recreational therapy services. Studentsdevelop insight into both the treatment/therapeutic aspectsof the profession and the recreation/leisure opportunities

RECREATION AND LEISURE STUDIES157that are facilitated by Certified Therapeutic RecreationSpecialists. Prerequisite: consent. Offered each semester.203 Technology Applications inRecreation & Leisure Studies (1)Provides an introduction to, and opportunity to becomeproficient in, various technological applications that areused in recreation and leisure agencies. Particular emphasisis placed on the use of computer hardware and software.This includes word processing, database management,spreadsheets, and specialized registration software. Anexploration of the Internet including the use of e-mail andthe world wide web helps the student understand how theseresources may be utilized to assist the recreation and leisurestudies student as well as developing a profession. Gradedpass/fail. Prerequisites: REC 101, 200, or 201. Sophomoreor junior majors only; freshmen by consent. Offered eachsemester.204 Leadership I: Leadership &Analysis of Recreation (3)Explores leadership theory and the process of activityanalysis. Students develop their personal leadership skills byobserving, evaluating and practicing leadership styles. Theyalso learn and practice the activity analysis process throughthe planning, implementation and evaluation of goalorientedactivities for diverse segments of the population.This is accomplished both in class and with the concurrentlab (REC 205). Offered each semester.205 Leadership & Analysis Lab (1)A complement to REC 204, this course allows thestudent the opportunity to demonstrate, assess, and develophis/her leadership and analysis skills. By assisting membersof the college community through the provision of leisureactivities, the student utilizes appropriate principles todevelop effective, flexible, and adaptive recreationleadership and analysis skills for a variety of consumergroups. This course includes a significant practicalcomponent during non-traditional class hours. Lab fee.Pass/fail grading. Corequisite: REC 204. Offered eachsemester.206 Management of Recreation &Leisure Services I (3)WIntroduces the principles of managing leisure serviceagencies. The role of the manager is investigated byapplying underlying management and legal theory to theactual operation of existing leisure service agencies.Prerequisite: REC 101. Offered each fall.211 Therapeutic Recreation Programmingfor the Aged (3)An overview of aging with respect to recreation andleisure. The aging process is explored in the physiological,psychological and social domains. Recreational therapy andleisure services are studied in a variety of serviceenvironments. Corequisite: REC 319. Offered spring ofodd-numbered years.215 Resort Management andOperations:A Case Study (3)(Winter Session)A combination of traditional and non-traditionalapproaches to understanding managerial responsibilitiesand operational practices of running a year-round leisureresort. Students live for seven days at Virginia’s WintergreenResort, participate in seasonal activities, interview managersfrom diverse departments and shadow operationsupervisors in various departments. The experientialcomponent of the course is supplemented with moretraditional daily lectures and instructor led discussions on avariety of contemporary issues facing recreation resortmanagers. Offered in selected Winter Sessions.224 Outdoor Recreation & Education (3)A series of experiences, discussions and readings ofcurrent issues and practices as they apply to outdoorrecreation and education. Field experience required.Offered fall of odd-numbered years.231 Introduction to Sportand Facility Management (3)Provides students majoring in recreation and leisurestudies with an extensive knowledge of effectivemanagement within a variety of sports settings. Specificskills needed to plan and maintain recreation facilities arecovered. Private and public schools and sport clubenvironments are explored. Prerequisite: REC 101. Offeredeach spring.234 Fieldwork in Recreation &Leisure Studies (1-3) W*Designed to allow the investigation of the leadership,programming, operation, and management of leisureservice agencies while working or volunteering. The courseis designed on an individual basis to best meet the needs ofeach student and agency. Prerequisite: REC 204 or consent.Offered each summer. *Three semester hours must becompleted to fulfill curriculum’s career track requirements andone writing credit.237 Maui to Moguls: Adventure Travel’sImpact on Culture and the Environment (3)(Winter Session)Examines the impact that adventure travel has onculture and our environment. To address this impact theclass travels to two diverse locations: a ski area and theisland of Maui. These trips illustrate how activities asdiverse as skiing, snowboarding, snorkeling, hiking, surfing,and biking have an effect upon local culture, the economy,and preservation of the environment. Classroom work willprepare the group for their experiences and on-siteinstruction will bring the subject to life. Offered in selectedWinter Sessions.242 Dance & Society/Dance Appreciation (3)Designed for non-dancers. Explains the use ofmovement as expression and the cultural aspects of dance.

158 RECREATION AND LEISURE STUDIESIt is a survey course and gives students basic knowledge ofdance and its role in society. Offered intermittently.268 Women and Leisure (3)Designed to investigate the past, present and futureroles of leisure in the lives of women. Leisure patterns andpursuits are examined through a review and analysis ofgender-specific ideals on equity, empowerment and socialvalues. The course addresses women and leisure from anevolving cultural perspective by contrasting men andwomen as well as examining differences among women.The course also incorporates a personal examination ofleisure philosophy, behavior and constraints with regard toone’s situation and gender. Offered intermittently.300 Recreation Program Principles (3) WProvides students with an understanding of recreationprogram practices including planning objectives,programming principles, organization, group work,promotion supervision, and program evaluation. Inaddition to the study of programming theory, studentsplan, organize, and evaluate a variety of recreationprograms. Suggested prerequisites: REC 101 and 204.Offered fall of even-numbered years and spring of oddnumberedyears.301 Therapeutic Recreation ProgramPlanning & Evaluation (3)WProvides students with the knowledge and skills neededto competently organize, conduct and evaluate clinical andcommunity-based programs for special populations intherapeutic recreation. Field experience may be required.Offered each fall.302 Design & Maintenance ofRecreation Facilities (3)An introduction to the general principles of contemporarydesign and maintenance of recreation and parkfacilities on the federal, state, municipal and commerciallevels. Offered each fall.303 Pre-Internship Seminar (1)Provides guidance and direction in all phases ofinternship procurement, including agency identification,application and selection for students who anticipateenrolling in REC 403 the following semester. Emphasis isplaced on the student’s self-assessment and documentationof personal and professional goals, strengths, and areas forimprovement in relation to the agency’s attributes andoverall suitability for enhancing the educational,professional and personal needs of the student. Gradedpass/fail. Prerequisite: senior and eligible to complete REC403 the following semester. Offered each semester.304 History, Philosophy & Trends ofRecreation & Leisure (3)WKnowledge of the history, philosophy, development,structure, purposes, values, functions, and interrelationshipsof private, public, voluntary, military, andcommercial delivery systems for recreation and parks services.Some fieldwork expected. Prerequisite: junior/seniorstatus. Offered each fall.305 Teaching Assistant (1)Provides recreation/leisure service majors or otherstudents who qualify the opportunity, under supervision, toorganize and lead recreation, physical education activitycourses, and selected introductory content courses (REC101, 200, 201, 204, 205). Students are required to preparelesson plans. Prerequisites: REC 204, or 323, or priorteaching experience. Students must be interviewed andaccepted by the course instructor. Offered each semester.310 Disabilities & Therapeutic Recreation (3)Introduces students to the various disabling conditionsthat typically receive therapeutic recreation services.Adaptive, corrective and progressive therapeutic recreationtechniques are explored for approximately 50 disablingconditions. The course focuses on treatment protocols asrelated to specific disorders, their characteristics in the fourfunctional domains, and the habilitative or rehabilitativegoals established for each. Lab fee. Offered fall of oddnumberedyears.312 Treatment Techniques inTherapeutic Recreation (3)Prepares recreational therapy students to utilizeappropriate treatment techniques within each segment ofthe client population. Includes instruction in group processtechniques, stress management, values clarification, sensorystimulation, cognitive retraining, therapeutic exercise andother modalities used within the field. Along with learningrecreational therapy treatment techniques, the studentlearns the background, planning, leadership requirements,and necessary resources for each. Students plan, implementand evaluate these techniques in classroom simulations.Prerequisite: REC 204, 205 or consent. Corequisite: REC319. Offered fall of even-numbered years.314 Therapeutic Recreation ActivityAnalysis & Assessment (3)Presents the rationale, procedural methods for andapplications of assessment in therapeutic recreation.Students examine and utilize standardized instruments aswell as develop a functional environmental assessmentbased on the use of activity/task analysis. Students learnmethods of clinical assessment, establishing client rapport,as well as interpretation and documentation of assessmentresults. Prerequisite: REC 201. Corequisite: REC 319.Offered spring of even-numbered years.318 Clinical Skills for Therapeutic Recreation (3)Acquaints students with the various disciplines andaccrediting bodies associated with therapeutic recreationand the rehabilitation, treatment and education ofindividuals with disabilities. The course focuses on basic

RECREATION AND LEISURE STUDIES159terminology, treatment techniques and procedures utilizedby certified Therapeutic Recreation Specialists. Prerequisite:REC 201 or consent. Corequisite: REC 319. Offered fall ofeven-numbered years.319 Practicum in Recreational Therapy (1)Facilitates a structured clinical experience for students ina variety of settings working with people with disabilities.The laboratory consists of 50 contact hours of clinicalexperience under the supervision of a Certified TherapeuticRecreation Specialist (CTRS) as well as coordination by theCTRS faculty member teaching the course. It combinesclinical field exposure with traditional classroominstruction to maximize understanding and skill mastery.Course must be taken twice, each time concurrently withone of the following courses: REC 211, 312, 314, and 318for a total of 100 practicum hours. May be repeated forcredit. Offered each semester.321 Organization & Administration ofIntramurals & Community-CenteredActivities (3)Planning, organization, administration, and evaluationof recreational sports programs in schools, colleges, andcommunity centers. Offered spring of odd-numbered years.323 Methods of Teaching Individual &Dual Sports (3)A comprehensive analysis of selected activities andrelated teaching methodology. Teaching methods are amajor component of this course with ample opportunityfor students to practice their teaching skills. Offeredintermittently.324 Leadership II:Athletic and OutdoorRecreation Leadership and Instruction (3)Teaches students the successful leadership and teachingstyles associated with the instruction of outdoor recreationand athletic activities. Students learn and practice a varietyof leadership approaches as well as group processtechniques, behavior management and teaching styles.Prerequisite: REC 204. Offered fall of even-numberedyears.327 Leisure Education (3)The study of leisure, its historical bases, the social/psychological pressures that influence how one uses leisuretime and the strategies for changing one’s leisure patternsthrough leisure education. This course may be of particularinterest to students who are majoring in health and humanservices, psychology, sociology or recreation. Offeredintermittently.334 Practicum in Recreation andLeisure Studies (3)Serves as a structured experience that allows students toinvestigate the operation of selected sport, tourism, andrecreation management areas. Through individualpracticum assignments in an area related to a student’sinterest, a first-hand understanding will be gained of howprinciples of sport, tourism, and recreation managementmay be effectively utilized. Students combine fieldexperience with traditional classroom instruction tomaximize understanding and skill mastery. Prerequisites:REC 101, 204. Offered each semester.336 Commercial Recreation (3)Analyzes the principles of organizing commercialrecreation agencies and the factors affecting their success.Emphasis is placed upon actual agencies through fieldevaluation and case studies. Offered spring of oddnumberedyears.337 Travel and Tourism (3)Introduces the principles of travel and tourism as anelement of leisure service delivery. Covers tourismdevelopment and promotion from both the public andprivate sectors. Along with investigating varioussocioeconomic factors of travel and tourism, students havethe opportunity to visit various travel and tourism agencies.Offered each fall.369 Group Facilitation Methods (3)Addresses the methods necessary to facilitate groups sothat they may achieve their goals. Through coverage of thefactors connected to initial group processes, conflict, goaldeliberation, and the role of the facilitator, this courseprovides hands-on activities enabling the student toexperience the responsibilities necessary in becoming auseful group facilitator. Offered each spring.401 Seminar in Recreation &Leisure Studies (3)(I)Exploration and discussion of current trends andinnovations in recreation/leisure studies as identified bystudents. Seniors are provided the opportunity ofdetermining course content in conjunction with theinstructor. One scheduled topic is leisure education.Prerequisite: senior recreation major and consent. Offeredeach spring, summer on request.403 Internship in Recreation &Leisure Studies (12)Field placement in an approved recreation or therapeuticrecreation setting. Students intern under a trainedrecreation professional participating in all phases of agencyoperation. Prerequisite: REC 303. Offered each spring,summer on request.432 Management of Recreation &Leisure Studies II (3)Understanding of administrative practices including:legal aspects of recreation services; principles of planningand operation of recreation areas and facilities; financialand business procedures; public relations; principles oforganization and coordination of services; personnelpractices; evaluation. The purpose of this competency is toprovide a foundation on which future depth of

160 RELIGIOUS STUDIESadministrative competency can build. Prerequisite: REC206. Offered each spring.RELIGIOUS STUDIESDR. TERRENCE LINDVALLDR. ERIC M. MAZURDR. PAUL B. RASORDR. CRAIG WANSINK, Program CoordinatorReligious Studies in the CurriculumWithout a knowledge of religions, it is difficult tounderstand daily newspapers, modern history, and many ofthe behavior patterns in which we ourselves are regularlyengaged. Within the College, the Department of ReligiousStudies represents a point of intersection, where methodsand interests of the humanities, social sciences, and naturalsciences converge. Religious studies examines the role ofreligion in history, literature, and science; in humanexperience and diversity; and in culture, politics, andsociety. The department provides students with (1) a basicunderstanding of one historical religious tradition (i.e.,Christianity), (2) exposure to other traditions, and (3)familiarity with more than one approach to the study ofreligion. Because these courses involve analysis,comparison, and interpretation, because they requiresensitivity to the perspectives and practices of others, thestudy of religion is an important preparation for individualspursuing careers in education, business, law, politics,diplomacy, counseling, public service, and ministry.Major RequirementsCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLERELST 116World ReligionsRELST 217The Old Testament WorldRELST 218The New Testament WorldRELST 303Saints and Heretics: Christian History IRELST 304Damned and Saved: Christian History IIRELST 361Thinkers/Topic in ReligionRELST 340Ritual StudiesORRELST 345Nothing SacredOne other 300-level course inreligious studiesSEM.HRS.44444443-4TOTAL 31-32Minor RequirementsCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLE(See p. 31 for general minor requirements)SEM.HRS.RELST 116World Religions4RELST 217The Old Testament World ORRELST 2184The New Testament WorldRELST 303Saints and Heretics:Christian History I OR 4RELST 304Damned and Saved: Christian History IIAt least two other religious studies coursesat the 300/400 level6-8TOTAL 18-20RELIGIOUS STUDIES COURSES(RELST)113 Introduction to Religious Studies (4) (V)What is religion? How should we study it? This courseis an introduction to the academic study of religion. Usingthe data from a wide variety of religious traditions, studentsgain familiarity with the categories used in the comparativestudy of religion: sacred space and time, sacred text, sacredhistory, myth, and ritual. Offered each fall.116/316 World Religions (4) (V)*A survey of various religions of the world, their beliefs,practices, and ethical concerns. Focusing primarily onJudaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism,students in this course examine the history, literature,structures, and manifestations of each of these religions. Weexamine how such disciplines as psychology, sociology,theology, art and ethics shape, and are shaped by, particularreligious world views. The course ends with a specificexamination of some of the key conflicts/disagreementsbetween two of these religious traditions. Offered eachsemester. *RELST 116 only.130 Introduction to Judaism (4) (V)Using the four principle organizing categories of history,text, God, and covenant, this course introduces students tothe length and breadth of Jewish traditions, including itshistorical development, its sacred texts of Torah, Tanakh,and rabbinic literature, its annual and life cycles and rituals,and the self-conceptions of a relationship to God and theresponsibilities that are part of that relationship. Offeredeach fall.140 Religion in American Culture (4) (V)Introduces students to the wide variety of majorreligious traditions in the United States, and examines both

RELIGIOUS STUDIES161how adherents of those traditions have responded to their“American” experience, as well as how religion generally hastransformed in a diverse and increasingly pluralisticenvironment. Offered each spring.157 Bible in American Culture/Life (4) (V)Focuses not on the content of the Bible but on thefunction of the Bible in American culture, politics, andsociety. Students examine such persons as Elizabeth CadyStanton and Thomas Jefferson and focus on distinctivelyAmerican types of biblical interpretation. Issues such asslavery, prohibition, and the Scopes trial are studied andhighlight how the Bible has been used and abused inarguments on social policies. By examining issues related topublishing and translating the Bible, some of the mostintense theological debates in American life are highlighted.Students also focus on how American laws shape theinfluence of the Bible in American life by highlightingcontemporary public educational contexts. Offered ondemand.217 The Old Testament World (4) (V)The ancient Israelites wrote stories of their past. Theypreserved laws. They wrote prophecies, biographies,common-sense advice, love poetry, and apocalypses. Thiscourse is an introduction to some of these writings;specifically, the writings preserved in the Old Testament(and in the Apocrypha). Thus, this course looks both at thehistory of the Hebrews and Israelites and—morespecifically—at the literature which they used to expressand communicate their faith. Prerequisite: at least threesemester hours in one or more of the following: English,history, philosophy, religious studies, general studies.Offered fall of odd-numbered years.218 The New Testament World (4) (V)The first Christians wrote letters to each other, theywrote tales about Jesus, they wrote sermons andapocalypses. This course is an introduction to some of thosewritings preserved in the New Testament, but also thoseapocryphal and non-canonical works which shaped how theNew Testament was remembered and how Christianitydeveloped. Thus, this course looks both at the earliestChristians (from a historical perspective) and—morespecifically—at the literature which they used to createcommunities and to express and communicate their faith.Prerequisite: at least three semester hours in one or more ofthe following: English, history, philosophy, religiousstudies. Offered each spring.232 Religion and American Politics (4) (V)Investigates the relationship between religion andpolitics in the United States, paying particular attention tothe role of traditional religious identities and issues, whilealso acknowledging non-traditional religious movements,ideas, and issues. Emphasis is placed on upcomingelections, and students are expected to be informed of thecurrent debates in the various national elections, which willform the basis of class discussions and studentpresentations. Identical to CSRF 232. Offered fall of evennumberedyears.251/351 Religion and Literature (3) (V)Works selected from the fiction, non-fiction, biographyand mythology of the world’s literature, both classic andmodern, academic and popular, and discussed from thepoint of view of belief, unbelief, values and spiritualorientation. Prerequisite: 251, none; 351, junior/seniorstatus or consent. Offered spring semester of oddnumberedyears.265 Extreme Religion:The Body, Pain, Sex andMartyrdom in Religious Experience (3) W(Winter Session)For the sake of their soul and their faith, religiousindividuals engage in a variety of actions which—in othercontexts—would be considered extreme: self-mutilation,snake-handling, fasting, celibacy, tantric sex, polygamy,suicide, martyrdom, etc. This course focuses on the role ofreligious experience; particularly on ecstatic or extremereligious expressions in world religions today. Afterexamining the roles and functions of “experience” withinreligion, this course focuses on specific examples (or casestudies) of “extreme” religious practices, seeking tounderstand their meaning and significance for thepractitioners of the religions themselves. Prerequisite: threesemester hours in one of the following: history, English,philosophy, or religious studies. Offered in selected WinterSessions.303 Saints and Heretics:Christian History I (4)(H)Through lecture and discussion of key primary texts,this course traces the “plot” of the development of Christianthought about questions of fundamental humanimportance from the formation of the medieval world tothe Reformation. We examine the mutual dependence oftheology and wider culture with special attention todeveloping strategies for reading the Bible. May be taken inconjunction with RELST 304 or independently.Prerequisite: at least three semester hours in one or more ofthe following: English, history, philosophy, religiousstudies. Offered fall of even-numbered years.304 Damned and Saved:Christian History II (4)(H)Through lecture and discussion of key primary texts,this course continues the “plot” of the development ofChristian thought. We trace the creation of our ownmodern world view from the wake of the Reformationthrough the Enlightenment and into the 19th and 20thcenturies. The focus is on the development of strategies forreading the Bible. As in RELST 303, we examine theinterrelation of theology and its cultural context at eachstep of the way. May be taken in conjunction with RELST303 or independently. Prerequisite: at least three semesterhours in one or more of the following: English, history,philosophy, religious studies. Offered spring of oddnumberedyears.

162 RELIGIOUS STUDIES319 Christian Ethics (4)Focuses both on the distinctiveness of “Christian ethics”over against other ethical theories (e.g., ethical egoism,utilitarianism, etc.) and on the different ways in whichChristians themselves use biblical texts within theologicalethics. Prerequisite: at least three semester hours in one ormore of the following: English, history, philosophy,religious studies. Offered intermittently.320 Science and Religion (4) (V)Centers around two main questions: What has been theimpact of science on theology, and are science and religionincompatible? The first question is primarily historical. Weexamine key advances in the history of science (theheliocentric theory of the universe and evolution, forexample) and theological responses to them. The secondquestion is primarily philosophical. In each case,discussions take their departure from the issues raised inimportant primary texts. Prerequisite: junior/senior status,or at least one course in the natural sciences or consent.Offered intermittently.324 Local Religions in Practice (1)The study of religion, long dominated by the study ofwhat “believers” were “thinking", also has a long traditionof observing what adherents were doing. From the earliestsociologist and anthropologists, the study of religion hasnever been complete without an understanding of religionin practice. This course introduces students to the practicesof participant-observation and ethnography, as well as tosome of the foundation literature and pressing questionsstill asked in the study of people in the course of theirreligious lives. Offered on demand.326 Methodism (4) (H)An interdisciplinary exploration of the history ofMethodism, with special foci upon the Wesleys, Asbury,other early itinerant preachers, and upon the religious andcultural development of the Methodist denomination andits Wesleyan offshoots (e.g. AME). Prerequisite: 4 semesterhours of religious studies or history. Offered spring of evennumberedyears.331 Rationalism and Mysticismin Religion (3)Rationalism and mysticism are radically different ways ofcomprehending the world, and yet many of the world’smajor religions feature both rationalist and mystical forms.First, this course examines rationalism and mysticism ascomprehensive and competing religious paradigms; second,surveys manifestations of religious rationalism andmysticism in the monotheistic religions, and third, examinesin detail the oscillation of rationalism and mysticism inJudaism from Late Antiquity until the 20th century.Prerequisite: at least three semester hours in one or more ofthe following: English, history, philosophy, religious studies.332 Jewish Ethics (3)Focuses on how Judaism helps people meet thechallenges of contemporary life. What do classic sourcesand contemporary thinkers say about animalexperimentation, child custody, duties to others, hazardouswaste disposal, and medical ethics? These and otherpressing concerns are treated in this course through carefulattention to classic biblical and rabbinic texts. Prerequisite:at least three semester hours in one or more of thefollowing: English, history, philosophy, religious studies.Offered intermittently.335 Christian Theology and Film (4) (V)A seminar devoted to exploring how the fields oftheology and film studies cross-fertilize each other, withspecial attention given to the ways in which film functionsas religious discourse. Students seek to investigate thehistorical evolution of film as a means of communicatingtheological doctrines or themes through its narrativepatterns and to analyze how religious and secular films havebeen and are considered as cultural texts that advise notonly how one should live, but what one should believe. Inparticular, we explore the sermonic nature of film, varioushermenuetics of film, and how audiences receive andappropriate both manifest and latent religious meanings.Identical to COMM 335. Prerequisites: three semesterhours in either communications, English, history,philosophy, or religious studies. Offered spring of evennumberedyears.336 Sociology of Religion (3)Identical to SOC 336.352/452 Seminar in C. S. Lewis (4) (V)Investigates the literary, historical, and theologicalcontributions of British author C. S. Lewis, exploring keyliterary and philosophical influences upon his life andliterature and examining how his thought and imaginationhave effected contemporary religious discourse andpractice. This course may be taught either as an on-campuscourse or as a travel course. Prerequisites: 4 semester hoursof religious studies or English. Offered spring of evennumberedyears.361/461 Thinkers/Topics in Religion (4) (V) (I)*Offers the opportunity for focused, in-depth study ofone important religious thinker (or thinker about religion),or a narrowly defined topic of current importance inreligious studies. May be repeated for credit with theinstructor’s permission. Prerequisite: junior/senior status, orconsent. Offered every year. *RELST 361(V); 461(I).363/463 Sports & Religion (4) (I)*Examines the relationship between sports and religion.From the use of sports as a means of acculturation, the useof legitimate competition as a surrogate for interreligiousconflict, and the competition between organized sports andorganized religion for money, attention, and devotion, tothe sacrality of the time and space of the field of play and

SOCIOLOGY/CRIMINAL JUSTICE163elevation of athletes to modern gods, the world of athleticcompetition (“sports”) is overflowing with religiouselements, particularly (but not exclusively) in the U.S.Using a variety of disciplinary methods, this class examinesthis relationship, the ways in which religion and sportreinforce similar ideals, and the ways in which they are incompetition with one another for the minds, hearts, andbodies of the “fans.” Offered intermittently. *RELST 463only.483, 484 Senior Thesis I, II (3, 3)Independent research under the direction of a memberof the department leading to the preparation and writing ofa senior essay or thesis. Open to religious studies majors andto humanities divisional majors with a religious studiesconcentration. Prerequisite: consent. Offered on demand.SCIENCE(See Earth and Environmental Sciences)SPANISH(See Foreign Languages and Literatures)SOCIAL SCIENCESDR. CLAYTON J. DREES, Program CoordinatorIn the context of the liberal arts tradition, socialscientists study behavior and social institutions, both pastand present. From the individual to the global levels, weapply a scientific approach to knowledge about ourselvesand our world to improve life for all humankind.The requirements for a major in the social sciences arelisted under Major Programs.SOCIAL SCIENCES COURSES(SOSCI)351 Research Methods for theSocial Sciences (3)(E)Offers the student an overview of data collectionmethods as well as basic analysis procedures within thecontext of the social sciences. Both positivistic andnaturalistic paradigms are examined, and the ethicalframework as well as the methodological proceduresinvolved in designing and conducting research with humansubjects are explored. Prerequisite: sophomore status.Offered fall of odd-numbered years.SOCIOLOGY/CRIMINAL JUSTICEDR. HAROLD E. DORTON, JR.DR. T. SCOTT LIVERMANDR. THOMAS LOPEZ, Program CoordinatorDR. KATHY S. STOLLEYThe Sociology ProgramThe primary purpose of the sociology program is toprovide concrete occasions and intellectual resources thatcan help students understand the social and culturaldimensions of human behavior. By focusing on theconcepts, theories and techniques of inquiry employed bysociologists, we hope to foster the sociological perspective.The department provides a great number of support courseswhich are designed to serve other major programs, andevery course offered is intended to serve the general goals ofliberal arts education.Major RequirementsCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLESEM.HRS.SOC 100Introduction to Sociology OR3SOC 188Sociology in Film and MusicSOC 345Foundations of Sociology3SOC 3503Introduction to Social ResearchSOC 4803Social Research ProjectSOC 489Senior Integrative Assessment 3Additional sociology courses at the9300/400 levelAdditional sociology courses at any level(may include up to 3 allied courses 12—see list below)TOTAL HOURS WITHOUT INTERNSHIP 36TOTAL HOURS WITH INTERNSHIP 45(SOC 484)Sociology Allied CoursesARTH 232Renaissance to 20th Century ArtCOMM 333Mass Media and American SocietySee continuation of choices next page

164 SOCIOLOGY/CRIMINAL JUSTICEChart continued from previous pageENG/WGS 320Feminist and Gender TheoryENVS 106Humans and the EnvironmentGEOG 112Cultural GeographyHHS 261/361Human SexualityHHS 318Aging and the MediaHHS 380Aging in AmericaHHS 402Women on the BrinkHIST 340“Born to Shop!” History ofConsumer Culture in USHIST 400The Civil Rights MovementHIST 433Globalization and Empire inAmerican HistoryPOLS 103Global Realities: Issues andResources for NavigatingToday’s WorldPOLS 353Globalization and its DiscontentsHIST 451History of the HolocaustMATH 106StatisticsMATH 226Introduction to Statistical ModelingPHIL 292/392Alternative FuturesPSY 245Child Development Across CulturesRELST 116World ReligionsRELST 140Religion in American CultureSPAN 210Icons, Myths, and RitualsHispanic CivilizationSPAN 265US Latino CultureORORORORORTH 375Images of Women inTheatre and FilmTH 380Theatre of DiversityWGS 220Women in Culture and SocietyMinor RequirementsORCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLE(See p. 31 for general minor requirements)One of the following:SOC 100Introduction to SociologySOC 188Sociology in Film and MusicSOC 270Social ProblemsSEM.HRS.Additional hours in sociology 12One allied course 33TOTAL 18Please check with the department coordinator regardingother regulations and procedures.Criminal JusticeCriminal justice is a wide-ranging field that is primarilyconcerned with understanding the origins, nature andconsequences of criminal behavior and of societal reactionsto crime. As a profession it focuses on careers directlyrelated to social institutions of law, law enforcement, andthe legal system. Students will find that the criminal justiceprogram offers a core of basic and allied courses which willprovide a practical liberal arts perspective of this growingfield.Major RequirementsCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLESEM.HRS.CJ 200CriminologyCJ 348Delinquency and Juvenile JusticeCJ 350 15Introduction to Social ResearchCJ 387Criminal LawCJ 489Senior Integrative AssessmentAdditional hours in criminal justice(total hours in criminal justice: 9a minimum of 24)See continuation of choices next page

SOCIOLOGY/CRIMINAL JUSTICE165Chart continued from previous page15 semester hours from the following:*From the Social Sciences:HHS 384Drugs of AbuseHHS 385Substance Abuse and Chemical DependencyMBE 203Accounting IMBE 294Accounting IIMBE 306Business LawPE 116Body Conditioning and Weight TrainingPE 120AerobicsPOLS 371Constitutional Law IPOLS 372Constitutional Law IIPSY 350Psychology and the LawPSY 466Abnormal PsychologySOC/PSY 327 15Social PsychologySOC 335Deviant Behavior and Social ControlSOC 353Applied SociologyFrom the Humanities:ART 225Introduction to PhotographyCOMM 222SpeechENG 240Advanced CompositionENG 242Writing for Business and OrganizationsPHIL 212Types of Ethical TheorySPAN 305Advanced Conversation & Composition IFrom Natural Sciences/Mathematics:BIO 115Human GeneticsBIO 221Anatomy and PhysiologyCHEM 345Forensic Science MethodsMATH 106StatisticsTOTAL HOURS WITHOUT INTERNSHIP 39TOTAL HOURS WITH INTERNSHIP 48(CJ 484)*This list is merely suggestive and is updated regularly.Students should consult their adviser and choose theirallied courses based on their individual academic andcareer interests.Minor RequirementsCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLE(See p. 31 for general minor requirements)CJ 200CriminologyCJ 205Issues in Criminal JusticeCJ 348Delinquency & Juvenile JusticeCJ 387Criminal LawCJ 385Applied CriminologySEM.HRS.Additional CJ electives 315TOTAL 18Students should be aware of any prerequisites for coursework from other departments. Please see the coordinatorregarding course selection for the minor and other rulesand regulations.CRIMINAL JUSTICE COURSES (CJ)200 Criminology (3)A sociological view of crime and criminality. Socioeconomic,cultural, and biosocial processes are considered,as well as the criminal products of society. Topics include:theories about the causation of crime, crime typologies, andpatterns of crime and social injury. Offered each semester.205 Issues in Criminal Justice (3)Encourages students to develop a critical analysis of thecriminal justice system in America. Emphasis is placed onan investigation of social order and the notion of ’justice’ asexamined by the various forms of social institutions. Thesignificance of law, state and property relations, and theadministration of justice is explored. An overview of police,the courts, and corrections is also examined. Offered eachspring.210 Corrections (3)Provides an appreciation of the processes and structuresof corrections within an American and internationalframework. Specifically, we examine historical, legal,economic and sociological issues in maintaining controland order over those defined as criminal. The courseprovides a critical examination of the concepts ofpunishment, deterrence, and rehabilitation. Prerequisite:CJ 200 or 205. Offered fall of odd-numbered years.

166 SOCIOLOGY/CRIMINAL JUSTICE240 Forensic Science (3) (E) WIdentical to CHEM 240.270/370 The Constitution andCriminal Procedure (3)Identical to POLS 270/370.300 Law Enforcement (3)Law enforcement from an historical, sociological andlegal perspective. Students gain a critical appreciation of lawenforcement. Race, social class, sexual orientation, andgender identities are considered in the context ofoccupational roles and community issues. Attention isgiven to viable problem-solving strategies for issues in lawenforcement. Prerequisite: CJ 200 or 205. Offered each fall.340 Forensic Accounting (3)Identical to MBE 340.346 Law and Society (3)The study of the evolution, function, and justificationof social control; forms of legal thought; the socialdynamics of legal discourse; and the dysfunctions thataccompany the legal system. Prerequisite: CJ 200 or 205.Offered spring of odd-numbered years.348 Delinquency & Juvenile Justice (3)An examination of the nature and scope of delinquencyand factors contributing to delinquent behavior. The role ofsocial agents and agencies in prevention and treatment arealso examined. Prerequisite: CJ 200 or 205. Offered eachfall.350 Introduction to Social Research (3) (E)Identical to SOC 350.360 Courts in the AmericanCriminal Justice System (3)Examines the role of the American criminal courts inthe broader context of the American legal system. Anoverview of the organization of criminal courts in Federaland state jurisdictions is provided. The courts’ relationshipto law enforcement and social control is also examined.Prerequisite: CJ 200 or 205. Offered spring of evennumberedyears.373 Conflict Management (3) (S) WIdentical to MBE 373 and POLS 373.385 Applied Criminal Profiling I (3)Criminal behavior is a complex phenomenon. Thiscourse moves beyond the abstract interpretation andsuggestions of criminalogical theory into the real-lifeprocesses of criminal behavior. The course examines andprofiles the offender, victim, and situational elementssurrounding the major forms of crime. Attention is given tothe precipitating, attracting, and predisposing factors ofcriminal behavior and their levels of importance forrespective cases. Prerequisite: CJ 200 plus six semesterhours of CJ. Offered each fall.386 Applied Criminal Profiling II (3)A continuation of CJ 385, the course emphasizesspecific criminal behavior in order to establish suspectidentity in criminal investigation. Prerequisite: CJ 385.Offered every spring.387 Criminal Law (3)Criminal law consists of the power and limits ofgovernment authority to define, prohibit, grade, andpunish socially harmful behavior. It carries with it the moralcondemnation of the entire community. The course reviewsthe nature of criminal law, classification of crimes andcriminal liability, punishment, and more. Prerequisite:senior/junior status. Offered each semester.388 Global Terrorism andHomeland Security (3)From ancient times to the present, terrorists have bothscarred and transformed the world. Depending upon one’sviewpoint, a terrorist can be a patriot, a madman, ananarchist or a martyr. Students review the characteristics,causes and controls of global terrorism along with responsesto it. Key concepts are examined and placed into real-worldcontext. Attention is given to counterterrorist responses,including U.S. Homeland Security. Prerequisite: sixsemester hours of criminal justice. Offered fall of oddnumberedyears.389 Criminal Investigation (3)Critical analysis is the centerpiece of this course. Whilecovering the general processes of criminal investigation, thestudent is required to implement a great deal of logical andintuitive thinking in understanding why and how crimesare perpetrated against persons and property. The studentacquires an understanding of basic investigation techniquesand responsibilities. This course is another in the forensicsoffering of the department. Prerequisite: six semester hoursof criminal justice. Offered each spring.393 Technical Reporting inLaw Enforcement (3)WThe importance of good report writing cannot beoverstated. Almost everything an officer does may bereduced to the report. Students focus on the special needsof the criminal justice system with regard to technicalreport writing. Using police-oriented language andscenarios, students learn how to correctly structure reportsfor use in criminal investigations and in court. Prerequisite:CJ 389 or consent; CJ 387 helpful. Offered fall of evennumberedyears.400 Topics in Criminal Justice (1-3)Advanced seminars on various announced topics andissues in criminal justice. Topics include, but are not limitedto: criminal justice administration; critical issues in

SOCIOLOGY/CRIMINAL JUSTICE167criminal justice and law enforcement; introduction toforensics; and criminal law. May be repeated for credit asdesignated topics change. Prerequisite: junior/senior statusor consent. Offered as topics become available.420 Criminal Law: The Appellate Process (3) WProvides students with an understanding of a criminalappeal. While reviewing an actual criminal trial transcript,students are required to develop legal issues for an appeal.After discovering the precise legal issues, students prepare alegal brief for an appellate court’s review. An emphasis isplaced on the students’ ability to create a well-reasonedargument within the context of a written legal brief.Prerequisites: CJ 387, junior/senior status, and consent.Offered fall of odd-numbered years.460 Readings in Criminal Justice (1-3)Students select a topic concerning criminal justicetheory or research, survey the relevant literature, anddiscuss their findings with their major professor. (One orthree semester hours depending on the scope of theproject.) May be repeated for credit. Prerequisites: priorconsent of the project adviser. Offered each semester.483 Internship Preparation Course (1)Identical to SOC 483.484 Internship in Sociology andCriminal Justice (9)Identical to SOC 484.489 Senior Integrative Assessment (3) (I)Criminal justice and sociology majors draw upon theirfour years of study to focus on the integration and synthesisof their knowledge, skills, and abilities. Students assess andanalyze the connectedness of their academic learning inlight of their future goals. Contemporary topics take aholistic and systematic perspective focusing on a variety ofissues such as justice, ethics, and community needs.Prerequisite: junior/senior status. Limited to sociology andcriminal justice majors. Students must register for thiscourse in the spring semester of the year in which theyintend to graduate. Juniors will need consent from theinstructor. (Note: juniors may be eligible if there is ananticipated scheduling problem because of theirinternship.) Offered each spring.SOCIOLOGY COURSES (SOC)100 Introduction to Sociology (3)An introduction to sociology as a behavioral science andway of viewing the world. Students are introduced to basicconcepts of sociological investigation and interpretationand to critical thinking. In the study of society, students notonly see how individual behavior is shaped by group life buthow group life is affected by individuals. Students learn toapply a sociological imagination to examining social issues.Common sense notions are replaced by a critical analysis ofsocial issues. Offered each semester.110 Cultural Anthropology (3) (S)Study of the nature of culture; comparative analysis ofsocial, religious, economic, and political institutions inspecific preliterate and modern cultures; the culturaldimensions of behavior. Offered each fall.188 Sociology in Film and Music (3) WA survey of basic concepts of sociology as they areportrayed in selected popular motion pictures and music.The course can serve either as an introduction to sociologyor as a systematic application and review. Offered eachsemester.224 Social & Cultural Change (3)Focuses on the processes and consequences of changearising from various types of collective action, fromspontaneous collective behaviors (e.g., rumors or disasterreactions) to planned institutional actions such as the civilrights movement. Prerequisite: any 100-level sociologycourse. Offered fall of odd-numbered years.230 Understanding Other Cultures (3) (S)A study of traditional culture patterns, religious beliefsand practices, political and economic behavior, and artforms of a selected ethnic group or geographic area.Prerequisite: any 100-level sociology course. Offered eachspring.240 Community Systems (3)A futures course which examines urban and ruralcommunities as forms of social life and fields for varioussocial system interactions. Theory, research, and thepractical application of both are viewed in the context ofpatterns of exchange, the planning and development ofcommunity action and social change. Prerequisite: SOC100 or 188. Offered intermittently.270 Social Problems (3) (S)A critical investigation of selected current socialproblems—their issues, causes, development, andalternative solutions. Offered each spring.275 Sociology of Sport (3)An examination of the individual, social, and culturalsignificance of athletic endeavors and organized sports,including the larger social conditions in which they areembedded. Prerequisite: SOC 100 or 188. Offered fall ofeven-numbered years.303 Small Groups (3) (C)An experiential course in which sociological theoriesand methods are used to analyze the structure and processesof small social groups. Prerequisite: any 200-level sociologycourse. Cannot be taken concurrently with PSY 324.Offered each fall.

168 SOCIOLOGY/CRIMINAL JUSTICE305 Complex Organizations (3)A review of the structural and contextual dimensions oforganizations as open systems. Special attention is given tothe dynamics of organizational patterns and processes;information, communication, control and decisionmaking; intergroup relations and conflict. Prerequisite:SOC 100 or 188 and junior/senior status. Offered eachspring.311 Family (3) (S)Although the focus of this course is on thecontemporary American family, the history, the forms andfunctions of families in other times and other cultures isalso examined. Special attention is given to the family as asocial institution, its relationship with other institutions,forces of social and cultural change, and the future of thefamily. Prerequisite: any 200-level sociology course orconsent. Offered each fall.327 Social Psychology (3)An exploration of how individuals are influenced by thesocial environment. Topics may include: affiliation,conformity, aggressive and helpful behavior, communication,persuasion, social influence, consequences of groupmembership, social ecology. Identical with PSY 327.Prerequisites: SOC 100 or 188, plus any 200-level sociologyor psychology course. Offered each fall.335 Social Deviance (3)Sociological studies of various unconventional groupsand individuals and the forms of social control theyencounter. Topics may include: theories of deviance andconformity; typical reactions to deviance; control agentsand agencies; how deviants cope with conventional society.Prerequisite: any 200-level sociology course. Offered eachspring.336 Sociology of Religion (3) (V)Examination of the origin and development of religionas a social institution: theories concerning its nature andfunction, sociocultural dimensions of religious beliefs,values, and conduct; contemporary denominations, sectsand cults in the United States; the relationship betweenreligion and other social institutions. Prerequisite: any200-level sociology course. Identical to RELST 336.Offered intermittently.345 Foundations of Sociology (3)An examination of major theorists, and perspectivescontributing to the sociological tradition; historic andcurrent issues regarding sociology and its relationship toother academic disciplines. A foundation course required ofall majors. Prerequisite: SOC 100 or 188. Offered eachspring.350 Introduction to Social Research (3) (E)An examination of the logic, the strategies and themethods of sociological inquiry; an analysis of classical andcontemporary models of research. A foundation courserequired for sociology majors. Identical to CJ 350.Prerequisite: junior/senior status. Offered each semester.351 Medical Sociology (3) (S)Designed to provide students an introduction tosociological perspectives on the study of health, illness, andhealth care. Topics include: individual and populationhealth patterns; the structures and organization of healthcare systems, including the social origins of those systems,how they are accessed, and who they serve; the socialconstruction of medical knowledge; the social structure ofmedical encounters; the politics and ethics of contemporarymedical issues; the roles of patients, health care providers,and others in the medical arena; the commodification ofhealth care and influence of market forces; the origins andorganization of health care systems in the U.S. and globally;and issues shaping the future of health, illness, and healthcare. Prerequisite: any 200-level sociology course orconsent. Offered intermittently.353 Applied Sociology (3)Provides an overview of applied sociology. The focus ison engaging the sociological imagination and the sociologicaltoolkit to address real-life questions and problems.These tools are used to identify, examine, and seek solutionsfor various social issues. Attention is also given to careers inapplied sociology. Prerequisite: junior/senior status orconsent. Offered each spring.365 Seminar (3)Advanced seminars on various announced topics andissues such as: social conflict, sport and leisure, popularculture, etc. May be repeated for credit as designated topicschange. Prerequisite: any 200-level sociology or criminaljustice course or consent. Offered intermittently.460 Readings in Sociology (1-3)Students select a topic concerning sociological theory orresearch, survey the relevant literature, and discuss theirfindings with their major professor. (One or three creditsdepending on the scope of the project.) May be repeated forcredit. Prerequisites: prior consent of the project adviser.Offered each semester.480 Senior Research Project (3) WStudents will conduct a sociological research project oftheir own design, present the results in appropriate writtenform, and defend the effort in an oral examination.Research problems may focus on theoretical or empiricaltopics. Relevant methods may range from bibliographicsearch to field observation. Prerequisites: SOC 350,junior/senior status and prior approval of a writtenproposal. Committee defense optional. Offered eachspring.483 Internship Preparation Course (1)Designed for students intending to participate in aninternship for sociology or criminal justice credit. The

THEATRE169process of selecting an internship site, completingapplications and forms, and understanding therequirements set forth by the Department of Sociology andCriminal Justice can be overwhelming. Lectures andscenario training provide students with practicalinformation that should be beneficial to students whodesire an internship in SOC/CJ. Identical to CJ 483.Prerequisite: consent of internship director. Offered eachfall.484 Internship in Sociology andCriminal Justice (9)Practiced, supervised experience in direct studentlearning in applied social settings. Students learn howacquired knowledge and research writing skills can beapplied to the workplace. Practical and applied learningthrough student performance in the applied setting givesthe student a competitive edge for future community/workplace contribution. Identical to CJ 484. Prerequisites:18 semester hours of sociology or criminal justice. Studentsmust contact the department faculty to review fulleligibility for this course. Offered each spring.489 Senior Integrated AssessmentIdentical to CJ 489.THEATREDR. TRAVIS B. MALONE, Program CoordinatorDR. SALLY H. SHEDD, Division ChairpersonThe theatre program at Virginia Wesleyan College is acreative, yet challenging educational program. On stage andin the classroom, theatre students gain experience invirtually any and all aspects of theatre. Students encountera wide variety of practical, theoretical, and criticalperspectives on theatre and dramatic literature fromAncient Greece to the present. The multi-faceted nature ofthe program covers a variety of specialties to assist the artistin adapting to an exciting and fast-paced profession.At various times throughout the program, students arerequired to meet with faculty members to assess theirdevelopment as an artist and plan for their futureinvolvement in the Senior Capstone Experience. TheCapstone Experience is a system of study tailored to theneeds of each individual student. This process of studyrequires that theatre majors complete advanced creative andscholarly work to prepare them for future employment inthe field or for graduate school.Major Requirements: TheatreCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLESEM.HRS.COMM 2223SpeechTH 2103Acting ITH 2203Technical TheatreTH 3013Theatre History ITH 3023Theatre History IIENG/TH 3113Theory & CriticismTH 3303Voice and MovementENG/TH 346Shakespeare IOR3ENG/TH 347Shakespeare IITH 407320th-Century TheatreTH 411PlaywrightsOR3TH 412DirectingAdditional theatre hours(TH 230 Rehearsal and Performance may 6count for only 3 of these hours.)Capstone Requirement:TH 485Theatre InternshipORTH 424 3Theatre PracticumORIndependent research atthe 400 levelTOTAL 39Major Requirements:Theatre and EnglishCOURSE NUMBER AND TITLEENG 280Early British LiteratureENG 281Later British LiteratureENG 284American LiteratureSEM.HRS.See continuation of choices next page333

170 THEATREChart continued from previous pageENG/TH 3113Theory and CriticismENG 314History and Development of theEnglish Language OR 3ENG 321Introduction to LinguisticsENG/TH 346Shakespeare IOR3ENG 347Shakespeare IIAmerican Literature - choose one:ENG 310Distinctive Voices inContemporary American PoetryENG 361American Women WritersENG 3713Southern LiteratureENG 378The American NovelENG 385American Protest LiteratureENG 442Topics in American LiteratureBritish Literature - choose one:ENG 327The British NovelENG 336Milton and SpenserENG 350Renaissance Drama Exclusiveof ShakespeareENG 355 3From Restoration to Revolution:British Literature, 1660-1789ENG 357British Romanticism: 1784-1832ENG 440Topics in Earlier British LiteratureENG 441Topics in Later British LiteratureOne of the following:TH 210ActingORTH 220 3Technical TheatreORTH 230Rehearsal and PerformanceTH 301Theatre History ITH 3029Theatre History IITH 40720th-Century TheatreOne additional TH course 3Minor RequirementsTOTAL 39COURSE NUMBER AND TITLE(See p. 31 for general minor requirements)SEM.HRS.COMM 2223SpeechTH 2103Acting ITH 2203Technical TheatreTH 2303Rehearsal and PerformanceTwo of the following:TH 301Theatre History ITH 302 6Theatre History IITH 40720th-Century TheatreTwo additional theatre courses6at the 300/400 levelTOTAL 24THEATRE COURSES (TH)201 The Theatre (3) (A)An introduction to the art and history of the theatre.Offered intermittently.210 Acting (3) (A)An introduction to basic principles of acting in a workshopsetting. Offered frequently.220 Technical Theatre (3) (A)An introduction to the methods, materials andterminology of stage design and technical theatre. Activitiesinclude crewing a VWC theatre production. Offered eachsemester.224/324 Theatre Practicum (1-3)Students gain experiential knowledge in a chosenproduction area. Practicum areas include (but are notlimited to) stage management, box office and housemanagement, publicity and promotion, dramaturgy, anddesign. Interested students should contact a theatre facultymember to propose a practicum in their particular field ofinterest. Prerequisite: consent. Offered each semester.230 Rehearsal and Performance (1-3) (A)*Performing in a main stage play or studio play directedby a faculty director. Students selected by audition. *Three

THEATRE171semester hours must be completed to fulfill a general studiesrequirement. Offered each semester.270 Theatre Seminar (1-3)Course organized any given semester to study particularsubject matter or to take advantage of special competenceby faculty member. Topics and credit hours change as needsand resources develop. May be repeated for academic creditwhen topics change. Previous topics include musical theatreand improvisation. Prerequisite: varies according to thetopic of the seminar. Offered intermittently.301 Theatre History I (3) (A)A study of the literature, architecture, performancestyles, design, and cultural impact of theatre from theAncient Greeks to Shakespeare. Offered fall of evennumberedyears.302 Theatre History II (3) (A)A study of the literature, architecture, performancestyles, and cultural impact of theatre beginning with theNeoclassical period and continuing through the late 19thcentury. Offered spring of odd-numbered years.303 Fundamentals of Set Design& Lighting (3)A study of the theory and technique of stage lightingand design including both traditional concepts and newmulti-media experiments. Prerequisite: consent. Offeredintermittently.310 Advanced Acting (3)An advanced study of acting in a workshop setting.Period style featured. Prerequisite: TH 210. Offeredintermittently.311 Theory and Criticism (3)Identical to ENG 311.320 Children’s Theatre (3)Producing, acting, and touring one hour of live theatreto local elementary schools. Offered intermittently.330 Voice and Movement (3)Taught in a workshop setting, students achieveintellectual and physical knowledge in the physical andvocal methods utilized to research and constructinterpretations and characterizations that will lead toeffective rehearsals and dynamic performances. Prerequisite:TH 210 or consent. Offered spring of odd-numbered years.346, 347 Shakespeare I and II (3, 3) WIdentical to ENG 346/347.370 Advanced Seminar (1-3)Course organized any given semester to study particularsubject matter or to take advantage of special competenceby faculty member. Topics change as needs and resourcesdevelop. May be repeated for academic credit when topicchanges. Previous topics include musical theatre.Prerequisite: varies according to the topic of the seminar.Offered intermittently.375 Images of Women inTheatre & Film (3)(A)Working from the assertion that all representation isideological, students explore depictions of women intheatre and film over the past sixty years in an effort tofacilitate an understanding and awareness of these media aspowerful societal forces for the dissemination of genderideology. Students learn to apply feminist/gender theoriesand criticism to theatrical performance, dramatic literatureand films. Offered fall of odd-numbered years.380 Theatre of Diversity (3) (A)Students become familiar with a variety of marginalizedexperiences as represented in dramatic literature over thepast sixty years. Playwrights of Black, Latin-American,Asian, and Native-American background will be featured.Theories dealing with identity politics are introduced.Offered fall of even-numbered years.407 20th Century Theatre (3) (A) WA study of the dramatic texts, performance styles,audience reception, theatre architecture and cultural impactof theatre in the 20th-century. Major artistic movementssuch as Realism, Expressionism, and Postmodernism will befeatured. Prerequisite: junior status. Offered fall of oddnumberedyears.408 The Theatre Today (3)An in-depth study of dramatic literature, theatre artists,and performance styles of the past ten years. Prerequisite:junior status. Offered intermittently.411 Playwrights (3) (I)An in-depth study of the complete works of one ormore playwrights. Prerequisite: junior status. Offeredintermittently.412 Directing (3)An introduction to practical and theoretical aspects ofdirecting. Working closely with the instructor, studentsoversee all facets of a one-act production. Prerequisites:junior status and consent. Offered spring of odd-numberedyears.424 Advanced Theatre Practicum (3)Fulfills the senior capstone requirement for theatremajors. Students gain advanced experiential knowledge in achosen production area. Production areas include (but arenot limited to) acting, directing, stage management, boxoffice and house management, publicity and promotion,dramaturgy, and design. Students must have someexperience in the chosen area. Interested students shouldcontact a theatre faculty member by the end of their third

172 WOMEN’S AND GENDER STUDIESyear of study. Prerequisites: senior status and consent.Offered each semester.485 Theatre Internship (3-6)Provides upper-level students the opportunity to receiveinstruction and to gain experience in off-campus,professional theatre settings. Internships are arranged withqualified professionals at area Equity houses (Virginia StageCompany, Virginia Opera Association), dinner theatre, andcity recreation departments. Students have a minimum often contact hours per week with supervisors and conferregularly with a VWC faculty member. Students receiveevaluations from supervisors and keep a journal of theinternship experience. Prerequisites: junior/senior statusand consent. Offered each semester.WOMEN’S ANDGENDER STUDIESDR. KATHY S. STOLLEY, Program CoordinatorWomen’s and Gender Studies is an interdisciplinaryacademic discipline. A women’s and gender studies majorand minor present students with diverse perspectives forunderstanding and interpreting the historical andcontemporary experiences of women and men in theUnited States and throughout the world. Students willbecome familiar with numerous feminist and gendertheories and utilize them in understanding andcontextualizing past, current, and future culturalinteraction. While illuminating the impact of gender indaily life, the multiple, diverse perspectives encompassed bywomen’s and gender studies courses prepare students for themulti-faceted, complex viewpoints they will encounter ingraduate study and the workplace.Major Requirements:COURSE NUMBER AND TITLESEM.HRS.WGS 220Women in Culture and Society 3(Formerly INST 220)WGS 320Feminist and Gender Theory3WGS 430Women’s and Gender Studies Seminar 3(Formerly INST 430)DIVISIONAL REQUIREMENTSNatural Science/MathematicsOne of the following:BIO 115Human GeneticsBIO 221Anatomy and Physiology I3-4BIO 311GeneticsBIO 410EvolutionHumanitiesOne of the following:ENG 250Studies in Literature: Masculinity/Femininity in Literature3(Only when stated topic)ENG 265Love, Sex, & Marriage in Western LiteratureTH 375Images of Women in Theatre & FilmSocial SciencesHHS 361 3Contemporary Issues in Human SexualityPOLS 2043Introduction to Feminist Political ThoughtTwo of the following:CLAS 350Women in the Ancient WorldHIST 351U.S. Women’s History to 1865HIST 352 6U.S. Women’s History Since 1865HIST 353History of Women in Europe Since 1700HIST 426Heresy and WitchcraftELECTIVESThree of the following:*(One at the 300/400 level is required.)ENG 261/361American Women WritersENG 318Adolescent LiteratureENG 346Shakespeare IENG 385American Protest LiteratureHHS 402Women on the BrinkREC 268Women and LeisurePSY 337Advanced Developmental PsychologySee continuation of choices next page9

WOMEN’S AND GENDER STUDIES173Chart continued from previous pageRELST 350Gender and JudaismSOC 311FamilySOC 334Sociology of InequalitySPAN 350Hispanic American Women WritersTH 380Theatre of DiversityCourses listed under divisional requirements, but nottaken to fulfill divisional requirements, may be takenunder the heading of “Electives.”*Other courses may applyMinor RequirementsTOTAL 36-37COURSE NUMBER AND TITLE(See p. 31 for general minor requirements)SEM.HRS.WGS 2203Women in Culture & SocietyWGS 3203Feminist and Gender TheoryWGS 4303Women’s Studies/General Studies SeminarThree additional courses from amongofferings emphasizing women and/or genderincluding*ENG 261/361, 265, HIST 251/351,252/352, PSY 374, RELST 361/461, 9TH 375.*At least three semester hours must be insocial sciences, three in humanities, andthree hours at the 300/400 level. Other coursesmay apply in addition to those listed here.WOMEN’S AND GENDER STUDIESCOURSES (WGS)220 Women in Culture and Society (3) (S)Students examine conflicting definitions of gender incontemporary U.S., analyzing general patterns and theimpact of gender definitions on their own lives. Differencesin the definitions of womanhood and manhood arediscussed along with the variety of women’s experiences andperspectives. Ideas about gender are contrasted with real lifesituations of women and men in our society. Particularattention is paid to the opportunities and difficulties thatwomen of differing races and classes encounter in today’ssociety. Offered each fall.320 Feminist and Gender Theory (3)Identical to ENG 320430 Women’s Studies/Gender Studies Seminar (3)(I)Introduces students to the latest feminist theories andmethodologies as well as the most recent research on genderin relation to a topic chosen by the instructor. Topics vary.Recent topics include “Violence, Non-Violence, and theBody” and “Gender Troubles.” Students give presentationsand complete research projects relevant to their majordisciplines. Does not fulfill divisional requirements forLatin Honors. Prerequisite: senior status or consent.Offered spring of odd-numbered years.TOTAL 18

Campus Life

176 CAMPUS LIFECAMPUS LIFEAnecessary complement to education in anycollege classroom is growth through campus life.On any given day at Virginia Wesleyan you may findmembers of our diverse student body organizing to voiceconcerns, participating in athletics, singing with the choir,practicing for a play, planning for an art show, gatheringnews for the student newspaper, leading prayer and Biblestudy, partaking in an aerobics or rock climbing session,and engaging in social activities in the Jane P. BattenStudent Center.At Virginia Wesleyan students have always been special,and our student life program strives to uphold that motto.Although the college exists on firm principles of residentiallife, its student programming incorporates the input of allstudents and strives to meet the needs of commuters andadult students as well as traditional residential students.Guided by the vice president for student affairs anddean of student’s staff, Virginia Wesleyan’s student lifeprogram and services encourage all students to grow outsidethe classroom.Residential Living: The college campus is patternedclosely after Thomas Jefferson’s adaptation of the Oxford-Cambridge plan. Residence halls at Virginia Wesleyan aredesigned to foster a sense of community. It is in theresidence halls that you will encounter a variety ofinteresting people and experiences. Additionally, you willfind many opportunities for cultural, educational, socialand recreational enrichment.The Virginia Wesleyan campus is structured intoacademic villages. An academic village includes classrooms,faculty offices, and student residences with lounge areas.Within Bray Village and Village II there are two academicbuildings and four residence halls. Brock Village has threetraditional residence halls and three residence halls thatoffer students apartment-style living. The rooms in BrayVillage, Village II, and the traditional residence halls inBrock Village are designed for single and double occupancy—and for personalized living. Rooms are furnished withbeds, dressers, full-length wardrobes or closets, desks, andchairs. Laundry facilities are available on each residence hallfloor. Each unit of the apartments and townhouses in BrockVillage consists of four bedrooms, two bathrooms, a livingarea, and kitchen. Each townhouse has a washer and dryerand the apartments have laundry facilities on each floor.The newly constructed Village IV has 24 townhouses whichaccommodate 96 students. You are encouraged topersonalize your room, apartment, or townhouse accordingto your tastes as well as the taste of your roommate(s). Byproviding your own rugs, lamps, curtains, and other items,you can transform your living space into a comfortablehome. The campus dining center includes a 500-seatcentral dining facility, private dining areas, kitchen, foodpreparation areas and additional “café” seating in theAlumni Galleria. Included in the campus dining centerfacility are the college post office and business office.The college requires all students to live in the collegeresidential housing facilities. Exceptions are granted tothose students who (1) elect to live at home with one orboth of their parents; (2) are married students; (3) arecarrying less than a full course load (less than 12 semesterhours); (4) petition the college and are granted permissionto live off campus. Students who have been residents of theHampton Roads area of Virginia for the year prior to theirinitial application for admission to the college areconsidered commuter students and have the option ofcommuting from their local residence or residing in thecollege’s residence hall facilities. Moreover, students who areunder the age of 18 or who are 24 years of age must requestpermission to live in the college’s residential facilities.Students who are pregnant must petition the Dean ofStudents for the purpose of making arrangements regardingtheir housing situation.The Office of Residence Life is responsible for selectingand training the residence hall staff, coordinating hallpolicies and developing cultural, educational, social andrecreational activities. The social and recreational activities,including the annual “Seafood Party in the Dell,” arecomplemented by a number of interesting educational andcultural events.Commuting: Along with campus residents, commuterstudents are a vital part of the Wesleyan community. It isthe goal of the student life program to integrate the residentand commuter populations in an effort to enhance campusactivities for everyone.Theme parties, student publications, campus intramurals,sorority and fraternity functions, worship services,athletic contests, Lake Taylor Music Festival and SpringFling are just some of the activities and opportunitiesafforded our commuter and resident students.Through the help of the Commuter Service Office,commuter students are kept informed, provided specialassistance and encouraged to take full advantage of campusresources and the co-curricular activities of the college.Jane P. Batten Student Center: For both the residentand commuter student the Jane P. Batten Student Center isfull of exciting activities. The $18.6 million center is hometo a spacious fitness center featuring dozens of weightmachines, bikes, Stairmasters and other equipment; aneight lane swimming pool complemented by a ten personjacuzzi and saunas; three racquetball courses; an indoorelevated jogging track; a convocation center/gymnasium; apractice gymnasium; a rock climbing wall; the MarlinGrille; and the Scribner Bookstore.The Community Council: The College’s commitmentto the building of a vital community finds expression inVirginia Wesleyan’s structure of campus governance. TheStudent Government Association, the Faculty Assemblyand the Administrative Council meet regularly to makepolicy regarding the respective spheres of concern. At leastthree times annually, faculty, staff and student

CAMPUS LIFE177representatives come together for meetings of theCommunity Council, a body which provides a forum forsharing information and for discussion of commonconcerns. Students are also represented on other vitalcommittees of the College, giving them a distinctive voicein the making of college policies.Student Government Association: Virginia WesleyanCollege students are organized as the Student GovernmentAssociation (SGA). This association consists of theExecutive Council, president and vice-president, and 16student senators. The SGA makes every effort to be aresponsive voice of student concerns and to promote thegeneral welfare of students and campus organizations.Moreover, through work on many college committees,involvement in numerous social activities, sponsorship ofopen forums, participation in Community Council andspecial programs that foster informal student facultydialogue, the Student Government Association contributesin many ways to the quality of campus life.The VWC Concert Series: Crafted from a deepcommitment to develop liberally educated students withbreadth of understanding and insight, VWC offersoutstanding live musical performances through the VWCConcert Series. Here, artists connect with audiences in aspecial way. The intimate and informal setting of theEdward D. Hofheimer Theatre in the Fine Arts buildingbrings a drawing-room atmosphere to every concert, andeven back-row patrons enjoy a close connection with theperformer. With 10-12 free concerts offered each year,students have ample opportunities to enjoy vocal andinstrumental music in the styles of jazz, classical, folk, andbluegrass without ever leaving the campus.Other Cultural Opportunities: Annually, the SpecialEvents Committee brings to the campus speakers ofregional, national and international acclaim.The College’s drama department presents majorproductions in the fall and spring semesters. Several studentproductions are presented each spring.Hampton Roads, the metropolitan area in which thecollege is located, provides a rich offering of musicalconcerts, drama productions and art exhibits. ColonialWilliamsburg and other pre-Revolution sites are less thanone hour’s drive from the campus. Furthermore, theVirginia Wesleyan campus is close to other Norfolk/Virginia Beach attractions, such as Waterside—a festivalmarketplace located on Norfolk’s waterfront; Nauticus—aneducational and exciting interactive science center with amaritime theme featuring more than 150 exhibits includingcomputer and video interactives, films on a giant screen,exotic aquaria, touch pools, shark petting and the battleshipWisconsin; Virginia Aquarium and Marine ScienceCenter—offers seasonal boat trips for dolphin and whalewatching, a six-story IMAX theatre, aquarium andintriguing new animals and creative exhibits; MacArthurCenter—Hampton Roads’ newest mall hosting 140 storeslocated in downtown Norfolk; and miles of world-famousbeaches are within 20 minutes of campus.Campus Communications: Virginia Wesleyan’s studentrunradio station, WVAW, provides opportunities forstudents to gain firsthand experience in radiocommunication, broadcasting and station management.VWC offers hands-on experience in communicationsthrough The Marlin Chronicle (student newspaper), theSandpiper (yearbook), and The Outlet (literary magazine).The Marlin Chronicle seeks to disseminate news andcomments of interest to the campus community. TheSandpiper serves as a record of the year’s activities for thecollege and for members of the college community. Lastly,The Outlet provides students with the opportunity topublish their own literary and artistic work and to gainexperience in managing and publishing a literary magazine.Counseling Services: To provide confidential personalcounseling to individuals and groups, the college has aStudent Counseling Center staffed by two licensed clinicalsocial workers. Students may be referred by members ofthe faculty or staff, or they may refer themselves forcounseling. This service is available to both residential andcommuter students and includes short-term counseling oncampus as well as referral to professionals off campus. Thecollege Chaplain is also available to students seekingindividual counseling.One member of the staff, a specialist in the area ofsubstance abuse, offers education and confidentialcounseling for students who have concerns about their owndrug or alcohol use or that of another individual.Health Services: All Virginia Wesleyan students areentitled to the benefits of the Health Services Office. Firstaid and health care are provided by a registered nurseduring weekday business hours at no cost. If necessary,students may also be referred to the physician’s office sixdays a week. Students are responsible for all their ownmedical expenses. When needed, transportation will beprovided by the College.Students must submit a completed Health EvaluationForm before enrolling at Virginia Wesleyan. This formcontains important information in case of an emergency.All immunizations must be up to date.Health Services sponsors programs on campus relatingto current health issues.Spiritual Life: The Chaplain’s Office and the campusspiritual life communities offer a variety of opportunitiesfor worship, fellowship, and ecumenical faith reflection.Programs offered through the Chaplain’s Office include theSpirit 400 Sunday worship service, “Push It,” acontemporary bible study, The Listening Post, SacredShooters photography club, and Holy Fire, a student ledChristian fellowship. Information regarding the fall andspring spiritual life retreats and mission endeavors areavailable in the Chaplain’s Office. Monumental Chapel isopen and accessible for individuals seeking prayer andmeditation. Reservations for Chapel use are made throughthe Chaplain’s Office.Respecting the diversity of faith traditions representedon campus, the Chaplain of the college serves as anecumenical pastor to the campus community. TheChaplain, an ordained United Methodist pastor, is available

178 CAMPUS LIFEfor guest speaking with community groups and agencies,preaching in area congregations, confidential individualcounseling, pastoral care, hospital visitations, spiritualdirection, and marriage services.The Chaplain’s Office is located in the Jane P. BattenStudent Center. Spiritual life materials such as Care Notes,devotional books, seminary catalogs and informationconcerning religious life communities in the HamptonRoads area are available.Intercollegiate Athletics: Athletics at Virginia Wesleyanare an integral part of campus life. Men participate inintercollegiate soccer, basketball, golf, tennis, lacrosse,baseball, track, and cross-country. The women’s intercollegiateprogram includes basketball, softball, tennis,soccer, field hockey, lacrosse, track, cross-country, andvolleyball. Additionally, Virginia Wesleyan offers a cheerleadingprogram.Virginia Wesleyan is a member of the NationalCollegiate Athletic Association—Division III, as well as theOld Dominion Athletic Conference.Students who participate in intercollegiate athletics arerequired to be enrolled full-time and must be makingsatisfactory progress toward graduation.The Blue Marlin is the mascot for Virginia Wesleyanathletic teams. School colors are navy blue and silver.Campus Recreation Program: The Campus RecreationProgram (RecX) at Virginia Wesleyan Collegestrives to provide quality recreational opportunities to thecampus community regardless of skill or experience. Itsprimary mission is to promote personal growth, socialfellowship, and healthy lifestyle choices throughparticipation in challenging and fun activities. All of theprograms emphasize student involvement and leadership todetermine the direction of yearly goals. Students may getinvolved through working as an Intramural Official,developing a club sport, or volunteering for theRecreational Advisory Board. For more detailedinformation about any of the programs, policies, or forgeneral rules go to the website RecX.vwc.edu.Clubs and Organizations: You may select from morethan 60 clubs and organizations at Virginia WesleyanCollege. The organizations include national honor societies;religious and political associations; local departmentalorganizations; national fraternities and sororities; studentpublications; and special interest groups.LEADERSHIP GROUPSFirst Year Leadership CouncilHonors and ScholarsResidence Hall AssociationStudent Government AssociationWesleyan Activities CouncilICEMainstageTGIFTraditionsVWC and BeyondMAJORSClassics ClubDrama ClubFrench, German, Spanish ClubMath/Computer Science ClubOrder of InfinityPsychology ClubPolitical Science AssociationRecreation Majors ClubScience ClubSociety for the Advancement ofManagement (SAM)Society for Collegiate JournalistsSVEA/NEAThe LinkFRATERNITIES ANDSORORITIESAlpha Kappa AlphaAlpha Sigma AlphaGreek Presidents CouncilInterfraternity CouncilIota BetaKappa AlphaPanhellenic CouncilPhi Kappa TauPhi Sigma SigmaSigma Sigma SigmaNATIONAL HONORSOCIETIESAlpha Kappa DeltaAlpha Phi SigmaAlpha Sigma LambdaDelta Phi AlphaLambda Phi EtaLambda Pi EtaOmicron Delta KappaPhi Alpha ThetaPhi Eta SigmaPi Delta PhiPi Sigma AlphaPsi ChiRho Phi LambdaSigma Beta DeltaSigma Delta PiSigma Tau DeltaSociety for Collegiate JournalistsTheta Alpha KappaSERVICE ORGANIZATIONSAnimals and the EnvironmentCampus KaleidoscopeCircle KHabitat for HumanityHealth and the ElderlyHunger and HomelessImagineRelay for LifeSOC YouthStudent EnvironmentalAwareness LeagueSPECIAL INTEREST GROUPSAnime ClubBeekeepers AssociationBlack Student UnionBut If Not-Men’s Christian GroupCollege RepublicansCommuter ClubCultural Arts SocietyDance TeamDemocracy MattersElectronic Music SocietyEquestrian ClubFairy Godmothers of VWCFencing ClubField Hockey ClubGay Straight AllianceHoly FireIMAGEnationInternational Student OrganizationMarlin ChronicleModel UNOutletRoller Hockey ClubRow/Crew ClubSacred Shooters PhotographySTANDStep TeamSurf ClubSwim ClubWesleyan AmbassadorsWesleyan Traditional Music SocietyWVAW Radio StationYearbookYoung DemocratsYouth Matters

Directory

180 DIRECTORYDIRECTORY2008–2009 Board of TrusteesOfficers:CHAIRMANGeorge Y. BirdsongVICE CHAIRMANO. L. EverettSECRETARYGary D. Bonnewell ’79TREASURERVincent J. Mastracco, Jr.Jane P. BattenGeorge Y. BirdsongGary D. Bonnewell ’79Thomas C. BroylesDeborah H. ButlerLynn ClementsRobert W. Collenberg, II ’90B. Minette CooperRobert H. DeFord, Jr.Kevin C. DolliverTammy L. Estep, ex officioO. L. EverettDale R. FoleyWendall C. FranklinSteven D. FredricksonSusan GoodeWilliam W. Granger IIIWilliam T. Greer, Jr., ex officioCharles E. HarrisMyrtle Frances Hatcher, ex officioRoy HendrixCharlene Payne Kammerer, ex officioDavid KaufmanRon KramerLemuel E. LewisVincent J. Mastracco, Jr.Charles McFaddenE. George MiddletonEmily S. MilesJerrold L. MillerTassos Paphites ’79Bradford. E. Phillips, ex officioRobin D. RayRichard D. RobertsJeanne P. RossLouis RyanWilliam B. Shelhorse ’70Anne B. ShumadineWilliam ThumelSusan A. Torma ’72Mark ToweJohn A. TrinderJohn N. Vest, ex officioD. Henry WattsS. Frank Blocker, Jr.Robert F. BoydJerry G. Bray, Jr.*William J. FanneyJames W. Griffiths*Helen C. HoffmanTrustees EmeritiHenry C. Hofeimer II*H. P. McNeal*Kenneth R. Perry*Ralph G. Roop*Mary Wright ThrasherBenjamin J. Willis, Jr.*Deceased

DIRECTORY181FACULTYThe first date in parentheses indicates the year when present rank wasattained; the second date, the year when the individual was firstappointed to the instructional staff.Barbara S. Adams (1989, 1989)Instructor of Operations ManagementB.S., Carson-Newman CollegeM.S., University of ArkansasRobert B. Albertson (1997, 1979)Professor of Management/Business/EconomicsB.A., M.B.A., Ph.D., Old Dominion UniversitySoraya M. Bartol (2005, 2005)Assistant Professor of Marine BiologyB.A., University of VirginiaM.A., Ph.D., College of William and MaryConnie Bellamy (2001, 1992)Batten Professor of EnglishB.A., Antioch CollegeM.A., Pennsylvania State University System, MansfieldPh.D., McGill UniversityRichard E. Bond (2005, 2005)Assistant Professor of HistoryB.A., Fordham UniversityM.A., Ph.D., The Johns Hopkins UniversityKaren A. Bosch (2003, 1993)Professor of EducationB.A., Michigan State UniversityM.A., Indiana University of PennsylvaniaPh.D., Old Dominion UniversityJohn R. Braley III (1985, 1978)Associate Professor of Recreation/Leisure StudiesB.A., University of South FloridaM.Ed., Springfield CollegeM.S., University of MaineMurrell L. Brooks (2008, 2008)Assistant Professor of Political ScienceB.A., Sonoma State UniversityM.A., Howard UniversityPh.D., University of California, Los AngelesJames W. Brown (1999, 1999)Instructor of Health and Human ServicesB.A., Transylvania UniversityM.S.W., University of North CarolinaDavid E. Buckingham (1982, 1982)Instructor of HistoryB.S., Campbell CollegeM.A., Old Dominion UniversityLisa P. Carstens (2008, 1997)Batten Professor of EnglishA.B., Occidental CollegeM.A., Ph.D., University of California, IrvinePatricia H. Clark (2001, 2001)Instructor of Library ScienceB.A., University of California, Los AngelesM.S.L.S., Catholic University of AmericaR. David Clayton (1983, 1972)Professor of MusicB.M., Union UniversityM.M., George Peabody CollegeD.M., Florida State UniversityElaine E. Dessouki (1990, 1990)Assistant Professor of Management/Business/EconomicsB.S., M.A.S., M.B.A., Northern Illinois UniversityBenjamin D. Dobrin (2007, 1995)Professor of Health and Human ServicesB.A., College of William and MaryM.S.W., University of PennsylvaniaPh.D., University of South FloridaHarold E. Dorton, Jr. (2007, 2007)Assistant Professor of SociologyB.A., M.A., Marshall UniversityPh.D., Bowling Green State UniversityClayton J. Drees (2003, 1992)Professor of History and Chair,Division of Social SciencesB.S., University of Santa ClaraM.A., California State UniversityPh.D., Claremont Graduate SchoolJoyce Blair Easter (2008, 2000)Batten Professor of ChemistryB.S., Cornell UniversityPh.D., Duke UniversitySteven M. Emmanuel (1998, 1992)Professor of PhilosophyB.A., Boston UniversityM.A., Ph.D., Brown UniversityPaul L. Ewell (2008, 2008)Assistant Professor of Management/Business/EconomicsB.A., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeM.B.A., Salisbury State UniversityD.B.A., Nova Southeastern UniversityLinda A. Ferguson (1996, 1987)Professor of Management/Business/EconomicsB.S., M.Ed., Shippensburg UniversityEd.D., College of William and MaryGinger L. Ferris (1993, 1986)Assistant Professor of EducationB.A., Old Dominion UniversityM.S., University of VirginiaRita E. Frank (2004, 1990)Batten Professor of PsychologyB.A., George Washington UniversityM.A., Temple University and University of MarylandPh.D., University of MarylandAlain Gabon (2008, 1999)Associate Professor of FrenchLicence d’anglais, Université de Dijon-BourgogneM.A., Miami University, Oxford, OhioPh.D., University of IowaDavid G. Garraty (1992, 1979)Professor of Management/Business/EconomicsB.S., St. Joseph’s CollegeM.A., Temple UniversityWilliam A. Gibson (1993, 1987)Professor of Political ScienceB.A., Arizona State UniversityM.A., Ph.D., Claremont Graduate SchoolDeirdre Gonsalves-JacksonAssistant Professor of BiologyA.B., Randolph-Macon Woman’s CollegeM.S., Florida Atlantic UniversityPh.D., Florida Institute of TechnologyPatrick A. Goold (2002, 1994)Associate Professor of PhilosophyB.A., Saint John’s CollegeM.Litt., Saint Andrews UniversityPh.D., Brown University

182 DIRECTORYPhilip Guilfoyle (2008, 1999)Professor of ArtB.S., Berry CollegeM.A., Kean College of New JerseyM.F.A., University of DelawareJ. Christopher Haley (2008, 1997)Batten Professor of Earth Science and Chair,Division of Natural Sciences and MathematicsB.Sc., Washington and Lee UniversityPh.D., The Johns Hopkins UniversityJ. Michael Hall (1993, 1980)Lambuth M. Clarke Professor of EnglishB.A., Louisiana Tech UniversityM.A., University of ArkansasPh.D., University of IllinoisBenjamin S. Haller (2008, 2008)Assistant Professor of ClassicsB.A., The College of William and MaryM.A., M.L.I.S., Ph.D., University of PittsburghBrett S. HeindlAssistant Professor of Political ScienceB.A., Ithaca CollegeM.A., Ph.D., Syracuse UniversityBoris Hellmann (2008, 2008)Assistant Professor of CommunicationsM. Phil., University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaM.A., West Virginia UniversityPh.D., University at Buffalo, the State University of New YorkStephen Hock (2007, 2007)Assistant Professor of EnglishB.A., Haverford CollegeM.A., Ph.D., University of PennsylvaniaRebecca E. Hooker (2008, 2008)Assistant Professor of EnglishB.A., Carleton CollegeM.S.Ed., Indiana UniversityM.A., George Mason UniversityPh.D., University of New MexicoMaury E. Howard (2008, 2008)Assistant Professor of ChemistryB.A., Dominican UniversityPh.D., University of Texas at AustinJoyce B. Howell (1999, 1984)Professor of Art HistoryB.A., M.A., Ph.D., University of VirginiaLawrence D. Hultgren (1981, 1969)Professor of PhilosophyB.A., Grinnell CollegeM.A., Ph.D., Vanderbilt UniversityCraig C. Jackson (2005, 2005)Assistant Professor of PsychologyB.S., University of FloridaM.A., Ph.D., Florida Atlantic UniversityKathy Merlock Jackson (1995, 1984)Professor of CommunicationsB.A., West Virginia UniversityM.A., Ohio State UniversityPh.D., Bowling Green State UniversityCarol V. Johnson (1995, 1985)Associate Professor of EnglishB.A., M.A., Eastern Illinois UniversityD.A., Illinois State UniversityLee Jordan-Anders (2001, 1986)Batten Professor of Music and Artist-in-ResidenceB.M., M.M., Northwestern UniversityCheul W. Kang (1985, 1985)Professor of Management/Business/EconomicsB.A., King CollegeM.S., Ph.D., University of Wisconsin-MadisonDouglas A. Kennedy (1998, 1988)Batten Professor of Recreation/Leisure StudiesB.S., University of DelawareM.S.Ed., Southern Illinois UniversityEd.D., Temple UniversityLydia Kennedy (2006, 2006)Assistant Professor of MathematicsB.S., Hope CollegeM.A., Ph.D., University of California, Santa BarbaraSusan E. Larkin (2008, 2008)Assistant Professor of EnglishB.A., Wheaton CollegeM.A., Ph.D., Illinois State UniversityTerrance Lindvall (2006, 2006)C. S. Lewis Endowed Professor ofCommunications and Christian ThoughtB.A., Vanguard UniversityM. Div., Fuller SeminaryPh.D., University of Southern CaliforniaB. Malcolm Lively (2007, 2000)Associate Professor of EducationB.S., University of MiamiM.A., Jacksonville UniversityPh.D., University of GeorgiaT. Scott Liverman (2006, 2003)Associate Professor of Criminal JusticeB.A., Saint Leo UniversityJ.D., Regent UniversityThomas S. Lopez (2001, 1989)Professor of SociologyB.S., Geneva CollegeM.Ps.Sc., Ph.D., Pennsylvania State UniversityDavid J. Lorenzo (2006, 2006)Batten Associate Professor of Political ScienceB.A., University of Arkansas, FayettevillePh.D., Yale UniversityKatherine M. Loring (1996, 1996)Assistant Professor of EnglishB.A., Hiram CollegeM.A., Ph.D., University of MichiganElizabeth G. Malcolm (2004, 2004)Assistant Professor of Ocean and Atmospheric SciencesB.A., Earlham CollegeM.S., Ph.D., University of MichiganTravis B. Malone (2005, 2005)Assistant Professor of TheatreB.A., Sterling CollegeM.A., Kansas State UniversityPh.D., Bowling Green State UniversityDante V. Manna (2008, 2008)Assistant Professor of MathematicsB.A., Wesleyan UniversityPh.D., Tulane UniversityDaniel S. Margolies (2006, 2000)Batten Associate Professor of HistoryB.A., Hampshire CollegeM.A., Ph.D., University of Wisconsin-Madison

DIRECTORY183Eric M. Mazur (2007, 2007)Gloria and David Furman Associate Professor of Judiac StudiesB.A., M.A., University of VirginiaPh.D., University of California, Santa BarbaraStuart C. Minnis (2005, 2001)Associate Professor of CommunicationsB.S., M.S., Texas Christian UniversityPh.D., University of KansasNancy D. Montgomery (1988, 1988)Instructor of Recreation/Leisure StudiesB.S., Longwood CollegeM.A., Brigham Young UniversityGarry E. Noe (1994, 1988)Associate Professor of PhysicsB.S., M.S., Ph.D., University of California, RiversideDeborah E. Otis (2000, 1988)Professor of ChemistryB.A., Gettysburg CollegePh.D., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityDr. Timothy G. O’Rourke (2007, 2007)Professor of Political ScienceB.A., University of PittsburghM.A., and Ph.D., Duke UniversityJan S. Pace (1992, 1992)Instructor of Library ScienceB.A., Northern Arizona UniversityM.S.L.S., University of PittsburghSharon L. Payne (2004, 1999)Associate Professor of Health and Human ServicesB.S., Ursinus CollegeM.S.W., Smith College School for Social WorkL.C.S.W., C.S.A.C.Fayne C. Pearson (1995, 1985)Instructor of EducationB.A., University of North Carolina at GreensboroM.A., University of RichmondM.Ed., University of North Carolina at Chapel HillWayne M. Pollock (2000, 2000)Instructor of Recreation/Leisure StudiesB.S., West Chester UniversityM.S., University of North Carolina at Chapel HillPaul B. Rasor (2005, 2005)Professor of Interdisciplinary Studies andInstructor of Religious StudiesB.M., J.D., University of MichiganM.Div., Harvard Divinity SchoolPh.D., Harvard UniversityMargaret Reese (2007, 2004)Thomas R. Fanney DistinguishedAssociate Professor of MathematicsB.A., Converse CollegeM.A., Ph.D., University of South CarolinaPaul M. Resslar (1996, 1983)Professor of BiologyB.S., West Virginia Wesleyan CollegeM.S., Ph.D., North Carolina State UniversityDiana E. Risk (2006, 2001)Associate Professor of SpanishB.A., M.A., University of Northern IowaPh.D., University of IowaPhilip Rock (2004, 2000)Associate Professor of BiologyB.S., Nasson CollegePh.D., Rutgers UniversityJohn Rudel (2005, 2005)Assistant Professor of Art and Curator of ExhibitionsB.F.A., University of North Carolina, AshevilleM.F.A., University of GeorgiaWilliam J. Ruehlmann (1998, 1993)Professor of CommunicationsB.A., American UniversityM.A., University of ArizonaPh.D., University of CincinnatiEhsan S. Salek (1997, 1993)Professor of Management/Business/EconomicsB.S., National University of IranM.S., University of MissouriM.B.A., Oklahoma City UniversityD.B.A., Nova UniversityMaynard H. Schaus (2008, 1998)Batten Professor of BiologyB.S., California Lutheran UniversityPh.D., Miami University (Ohio)Sara A. Sewell (2008, 2002)Associate Professor of HistoryB.A., University of Wisconsin-MadisonM.A., Marquette UniversityM.A., Ph.D., University of Wisconsin-MadisonSally H. Shedd (2008, 1999)Professor of Theatre and Chair,Division of HumanitiesB.A., Arkansas Tech UniversityM.A., University of ArkansasPh.D., University of KansasHilary E. Stebbins (2008, 2008)Assistant Professor of PsychologyB.S., Mary Washington CollegePh.D., Brown UniversityKathy S. Stolley (2005, 2005)Assistant Professor of SociologyB.A., M.A., Old Dominion UniversityPh.D., The George Washington UniversityMegan P. Storey (2006, 2006)Reference Librarian and Instructor of Library ScienceB.A., James Madison UniversityM.S., Florida State UniversityM.A., Old Dominion UniversityJayne E. Sullivan (2005, 2001)Associate Professor of EducationB.S., University of MarylandM.Ed., Loyola College in BaltimoreM.Ed., Bowie State UniversityPh.D., University of MarylandSharon Swift (2005, 2001)Associate Professor of ArtB.F.A., University of OklahomaM.F.A., Old Dominion Universityand Norfolk State UniversityVivian E. Teter (2005, 1987)Batten Professor of EnglishB.A., Hollins CollegeM.F.A., University of ArizonaJeffrey W. Timmons (2008, 2001)Associate Professor of EnglishB.S., B.A., M.A., Portland State UniversityPh.D., Arizona State University

184 DIRECTORYVictor R. Townsend, Jr. (2006, 2000)Batten Associate Professor of BiologyB.S., Old Dominion UniversityM.S., Ph.D., University of LouisianaMavel Z. Velasco (2000, 1987)Professor of SpanishB.A., M.A., Ph.D., Rutgers UniversitySusannah F. Walker (2005, 2005)Assistant Professor of HistoryB.A., McGill UniversityM.A., Ph.D., Carnegie Mellon UniversityZ. John Wang (2006, 2000)Associate Professor of Computer ScienceB.S., Taiyuan University of TechnologyM.S., National Harbin Institute of TechnologyPh.D., University of Southern MississippiCraig Wansink (2003, 1993)Professor of Religious StudiesB.S., Morningside CollegeM.Div, McCormick SeminaryM.A., Ph.D., Yale UniversitySusan M. Wansink (2001, 1991)Professor of GermanB.A., M.A., Ph.D., Purdue UniversityJosh A. Weinstein (2007, 2007)Assistant Professor of EnglishB.A., Wesleyan UniversityM.A., Ph.D., State University of New York at BuffaloFrederick B. Weiss (1997, 1984)Assistant Professor of Management/Business/EconomicsB.S., Temple UniversityM.A., American GraduateSchool of International ManagementDenise Pocta Wilkinson (2003, 1987)Associate Professor of MathematicsB.S., M.S., Middle Tennessee State UniversityEducation Specialist, Appalachian State UniversityR. Cathal Woods (2005, 2005)Assistant Professor of PhilosophyB.A., University of Dublin, Trinity CollegeM.A., Tulane UniversityPh.D., Ohio State UniversityAlthia V. Woodson-Robinson (1991, 1980)Assistant Professor of EducationB.S., Hampton UniversityM.Ed., St. Lawrence UniversityC.A.G.S., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityFACULTY EMERITIThe first date in parentheses indicates the year of appointment to theinstructional staff; the second date indicates the year of retirement.Bentley B. Anderson (1972, 2005)Professor of Theatre EmeritusB.F.A., Carnegie-Mellon UniversityM.A., Wake Forest UniversityM.F.A., Virginia Commonwealth UniversityBenjamin D. Berry (1994, 2005)Professor of History EmeritusB.A., Morehouse CollegeS.T.B., Harvard Divinity SchoolPh.D., Case-Western Reserve UniversityVictor I. Culver (1977-1999)Professor of Education EmeritusA.B., Statue University of New York at BuffaloPh.D., University of Missouri at Kansas CityDora H. Dobrin (1975-1999)Professor of Sociology EmeritusB.S., Florida State UniversityM.S., School of Social Welfare, Florida State UniversityDaniel W. Graf (1970-2002)Professor of History EmeritusB.S., Wisconsin State University-La CrosseM.A., Ph.D., University of NebraskaJoseph H. Harkey (1966-1996)Professor of English EmeritusB.S., University of South CarolinaM.A., Ph.D., University of TennesseeJames F. Harris (1986-2000)Professor of Chemistry EmeritusB.S., Western Carolina UniversityM.T.S., College of William and MaryPh.D., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityH. Rick Hite (1969-1999)Professor of Theatre/Communications EmeritusA.B., Dartmouth CollegeM.A., The Johns Hopkins UniversityPh.D., Michigan State UniversityVerne M. Keefer (1969-1998)Professor of Biology EmeritusB.A., Virginia Military InstitutePh.D., University of ColoradoCharles L. Kessler (1971-1993)Professor of Religious Studies EmeritusB.A., Northwestern UniversityM.Div., Garrett Theological SeminaryPh.D., Northwestern UniversityGordon A. Magnuson (1971-1997)Professor of English EmeritusB.S., Bemidji State CollegeM.A., Ph.D., University of ArkansasL. Anderson Orr (1968-1999)Lambuth M. Clarke Professor of English EmeritusB.Mus., B.A., Southwestern at MemphisB.D., Seabury-Western Theological SeminaryM.A., Ph.D., University of VirginiaNeil Philip Ramsey (1974-2006)Professor of Sociology EmeritusA.B., William Jewell CollegeM.Div., Colgate-RochesterM.A., University of DenverPh.D., University of Wisconsin-MadisonIsabelle L. Shannon (1979-1998)Professor of Education EmeritusB.A., Wheaton CollegeM.A., Boston UniversityPh.D., Michigan State UniversityBarclay Sheaks (1969, 2005)Associate Professor of Art EmeritusB.F.A., Virginia Commonwealth UniversityWilliam R. Shealy (1968-1997)Professor of Religious Studies EmeritusPh.B., University of ChicagoB.D., Garrett Theological SeminaryS.T.M., Union Theological Seminary, New YorkPh.D., Drew University

DIRECTORY185Patricia R. Sullivan (1972-1999)Professor of French EmeritusB.S., Georgetown UniversityM.A., Ph.D., University of VirginiaMargaret C. Zimmerman (1982, 2005)Professor of Psychology EmeritusB.A., University of Western OntarioM.S., Ph.D., Old Dominion UniversityPREVIOUS BATTENPROFESSORSHIPS2005-2008Mr. David G. GarratyDr. Joyce B. HowellDr. Larry D. Hultgren2004-2007Dr. Karen A. BoschDr. Clayton J. DreesDr. Steven M. EmmanuelDr. Kathy Merlock JacksonDr. Paul M. ResslarDr. Craig WansinkADJUNCT FACULTYThe date in parentheses indicates the year of appointment to theinstructional staff.Kevin M. AdamsAdjunct Assistant Professor of Management/Business/Economics and Information SystemsB.S., Rutgers UniversityM.S., Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyPh.D., Old Dominion UniversityKathy R. Ames (1984)Visiting Instructor of Mathematics/Computer ScienceB.S., James Madison UniversityM.S., College of William and MaryJerome S. Blackman (1991)Adjunct Professor of PsychologyM.D., Tulane Medical SchoolDwight Bolling (1988)Adjunct Associate Professor of SociologyB.S., M.S., Florida State UniversityEdward E. Brickell (2003)Adjunct Professor of Education and EnglishB.A., College of William and MaryM.A., University of ChicagoC.A.G.S., Ed.D., College of William and MarySam B. Dorsey (1991)Adjunct Instructor of MusicM.M., Virginia Commonwealth UniversityPh.D., The Catholic University of AmericaThomas R. Farley (1987)Adjunct Instructor of GeographyB.A., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityM.S.Ed., Old Dominion UniversitySharon L. Hill (1995)Adjunct Instructor of Art EducationB.A., Ohio State UniversityM.A., Arizona State UniversityMichael Panitz (1999)Adjunct Assistant Professor of History and Religious StudiesB.A., University of PennsylvaniaM.A., Ph.D., Jewish Theological SeminaryThomas A. Pasquale (1987)Adjunct Assistant Professor of PsychologyB.S., Fordham UniversityM.A., Ph.D., Syracuse UniversityGavin M. PateAdjunct Instructor of EnglishB.A., Guilford CollegeM.F.A., Naropa UniversityRene Perez-Lopez (1986)Adjunct Professor of Political ScienceB.A., M.L.S., State University of New York at AlbanyM.A., Case Western Reserve UniversityRay Shackelford (1987)Adjunct Instructor of Physical EducationB.S., Old Dominion UniversityMaria F. Still (1994)Adjunct Instructor of EducationB.A., De Paul UniversityM.A., The College of William and MaryGeorge M. Stone (1988)Adjunct Instructor of MusicB.M., M.M., East Carolina UniversityPatricia J. Terry (1999)Adjunct Assistant Professor of EducationB.S., Wittenberg UniversityM.S., Old Dominion UniversityEd.D., NOVA Southeastern UniversityDavid L. Winters (1988)Adjunct Associate Professor of ChemistryB.S., West Virginia State CollegeM.S., West Virginia UniversityBillye Brown Youmans (1994)Adjunct Instructor of MusicB.A., Belmont UniversityM.M., Peabody College of Vanderbilt University

186 DIRECTORYADMINISTRATIVE STAFFThe date in parentheses indicates the year when the individual washired.President’s OfficeWilliam Thomas Greer, Jr. (1992)PresidentB.S., Valdosta State CollegeM.Div., Drew UniversityTh.D., Emory UniversityPh.D., Georgia State UniversityKatherine M. Loring (1996)Vice President for Administration andSpecial Assistant to the PresidentB.A., Hiram CollegeM.A., Ph.D., University of MichiganRobert M. Chapman (1997)Chaplain of the CollegeB.A., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeM.Div., Wesley Theological SeminaryM.Ed., Lynchburg CollegeJudy F. Coltrane (1994)Executive Secretary to the PresidentLinda A. Ferguson (1987)Director of Strategic Planning and MarketingB.S., M.Ed., Shippensburg UniversityEd.D., College of William and MaryThe Rev. H. Hasbrouck Hughes, Jr. (1997)Bishop-in-ResidenceB.A., Randolph-Macon CollegeB.D., Duke Divinity SchoolStephen S. Mansfield (1968)College ArchivistA.B., The College of William and MaryM.A., Ph.D., University of VirginiaInstitutional Research and EffectivenessRonald B. Price (2007)Associate Vice President of Institutional Research and EffectivenessB.A., Christopher Newport UniversityM.Ed., The College of William and MaryDonald Stauffer (1997)Assistant to the Associate Vice President ofInstitutional Research and EffectivenessB.S., M.B.A., Ohio State UniversityAcademic AffairsDr. Timothy G. O’Rourke (2007)Vice President for Academic Affairs andKenneth R. Perry Dean of the CollegeB.A., University of PittsburghM.A., and Ph.D., Duke UniversityLisa P. CarstensDirector of QEP andAssociate Dean for Inquiry-Guided LearningA.B., Occidental CollegeM.A., Ph.D., University of California, IrvineCatherine C. Hartman (1981)Administrative Assistant for Natural Sciencesand Mathematics DivisionDeborah L. Hicks (1989)Associate Dean for Special Academic ProjectsB.S., Longwood CollegeM.Ed., University of VirginiaBarbara M. Hodges (1993)Administrative Assistant for Humanities DivisionA.S., Norwalk Community CollegeJane B. Kiefer (1996)Administrative Assistant for Social Sciences DivisionFayne C. Pearson (1987)Assistant to the Dean of the CollegeB.A., University of North Carolina at GreensboroM.A., University of RichmondM.Ed., University of North Carolina at Chapel HillJudith H. Tinsley (1990)Executive Administrative Assistant to the Vice President forAcademic Affairs and Kenneth R. Perry Dean of the CollegeDr. Craig Wansink (1993)Associate Dean of the CollegeB.S., Morningside CollegeM.Div., McCormick SeminaryM.A., Ph.D., Yale UniversityStacey Wollerton (2006)Director of Education Field ExperiencesB.S., Edinboro University of PennsylvaniaM.S., Old Dominion UniversityAdult Studies ProgramDr. Richard E. Hoehlein (2004)Director, Adult Studies ProgramB.A., M.A., Ed.S., Michigan State UniversityEd.D., Nova UniversityCatherine Anninos (2006)Academic AdviserB.A., Regents College/USNYM.A., University of PhoenixPatricia Colthurst (2000)Student Services SpecialistB.A., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeThomas R. Farley (1987)Program Development Coordinator for K-12B.A., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityM.S.Ed., Old Dominion UniversityDreama Waterfield (2008)Student Services Specialist, p.t.Pamela C. Paramore (1993)Office ManagerB.A., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeKathleen Reese (2005)Outreach Coordinator, Academic AdviserB.A., Bowling Green State UniversityCareer ServicesLisa Fentress (2002)Director of Career ServicesB.A., Elmira CollegeM.A., West Virginia UniversityLeslie J. Hines (1985)PORTfolio Administrative Assistant

DIRECTORY187Center for Sacred MusicSandra Billy (1995)Director of the Center for Sacred Music& Artistic Director of the VWC Concert SeriesB.S., Old Dominion UniversityB.S., M.S., LaSalle UniversityCenter for theStudy of Religious FreedomPaul B. Rasor (2005)Director of Center for the Study of Religious FreedomB.M., J.D., University of MichiganM.Div., Harvard Divinity SchoolPh.D., Harvard UniversityAnn P. Shappell (1980)Assistant to the Director of theCenter for the Study of Religious FreedomB.A., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeHofheimer LibraryJan S. Pace (1991)Director of LibraryB.A., Northern Arizona UniversityM.S.L.S., University of PittsburghArianne K. Avery (2006)Inter-Library Loan CoordinatorB.A., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeSandra S. Brooks (1973)Director of Library and Technical ServicesB.A., Alma CollegeM.A., University of VirginiaPatricia H. Clark (2001)Reference LibrarianB.A., University of California, Los AngelesM.L.S., Catholic University of AmericaKaren Devereaux (1992)Circulation SupervisorB.S., Old Dominion UniversityKaren Hill (1988)Assistant, Audio Visual DepartmentNichelle Mack (2006)Library Assistant for CatalogingA.S., Tidewater Community CollegeB.A., Old Dominion UniversityMeagan P. Storey (2006)Reference LibrarianB.A., James Madison UniversityM.S., Florida State UniversityM.A., Old Dominion UniversityInstitutional TechnologyRobin A. Takacs (1996)Coordinator of Institutional TechnologyB.A., Russell Sage CollegeM.A., Fairfield UniversityInternational and Intercultural ProgramsLena Johnson (2003)Director of the Office of Internationaland Intercultural ProgramsB.A., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeLearning CenterCarol V. Johnson (1985)Director of Writing CenterB.A., M.A., Eastern Illinois UniversityD.A., Illinois State UniversityAnne Fansher (2003)Assistant to the Director of the Writing Centerand the Learning CenterB.A., M.A., Columbia International UniversityGenai L. Hill (2006)Director of Tutoring and Placement ReportingB.A., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeFayne C. Pearson (1987)Assistant to the Dean of the College,Director of the Learning Center and Disabilities ServicesB.A., University of North Carolina at GreensboroM.A., University of RichmondM.Ed., University of North Carolina at Chapel HillLinda Sykes (1995)Learning Center AssistantB.A. Campbell CollegeAlthia V. Woodson-Robinson (1980)Director of Academic Skills ProgramB.A., Hampton UniversityM.Ed., St. Lawrence UniversityProgramsJoyce Blair Easter (2000)Director of Honors and ScholarsB.S., Cornell UniversityPh.D., Duke UniversityLawrence D. Hultgren (1969)Director of PORTfolioB.A., Grinnell CollegeM.A., Ph.D., Vanderbilt UniversityDaniel S. Margolies (2000)Director of Winter SessionB.A., Hampshire CollegeM.A., Ph.D., University of Wisconsin-MadisonStuart C. Minnis (2001)Director of General StudiesB.S., M.S., Texas Christian UniversityPh.D., University of KansasRegistrarBarbara S. Adams (1989)RegistrarB.S., Carson-Newman CollegeM.S., University of ArkansasChristine M. Creameans (2007)Administrative AssistantJulie A. Houghton (2002)Administrative AssistantSharon L. Wilson (1980)Assistant RegistrarB.A., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeWomen’s Resource CenterSharon L. Payne (1993)Director of Women’s Resource CenterB.S., Ursinus CollegeM.S.W., Smith College School for Social WorkL.C.S.W., C.S.A.C.

188 DIRECTORYBusiness AffairsCary A. Sawyer (1994)Vice President of FinanceB.S., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityC.P.A.Elaine Aird (1988)Assistant Director of Business OperationsB.A., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeM.A., Norfolk State UniversityOreleah Barham (1998)Collections and Loan Compliance CoordinatorAmy Dudley (1999)Secretary and H.R. AssistantAudrey Gluck (1984)Payroll ManagerRuthanne Mullin (1984)Accounts Payable BookkeeperB.A., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeTeresa C. Rhyne (1992)Director of Accounting/Budget CoordinatorB.A., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeRonda L. Rothwell (2003)Business Office CashierLindsay A. Sands (2001)Student Accounts CoordinatorBruce F. Vaughan (1999)Vice President of Business OperationsB.S., University of MarylandM.A., Central Michigan UniversityHuman ResourcesBarbara K. Fried (1995)Director of Human ResourcesB.S., Miami University (Ohio)SPHRAuxiliary and Customer ServicesRenate Thurman (1980)Manager, Scribner BookstoreB.A., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeKimberly Brown (2000)Assistant Manager, Scribner BookstoreArgina Fernandez (2005)Mail Clerk/Shipping and ReceivingMary Moody (2001)Cashier, Scribner BookstoreB.A., Mary Washington CollegeThelma Muhlenbruch (1990)Mail Services ClerkDiana Myers (1989)Switchboard Operator/ReceptionistAnita Soderberg (1981)Cashier, Scribner BookstoreJessica West (2007)Switchboard Operator/ReceptionistB.A., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeTia Whitehurst (2002)Copy Center SpecialistMidge Zimmerman (1999)Materials ManagerComputer Services DepartmentJack Dmoch (1999)Chief Technology OfficerB.S., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityJohn D. Aird (1997)Senior Technology SpecialistB.S., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeJames Baker (1999)Computer Services Technical Services CoordinatorB.S., University of Central OklahomaGregory Baptiste (2001)Computer ProgrammerB.S., Old Dominion UniversityTerry Critser (2003)Technology TechnicianECPIBruce Eldridge (2000)Manager of Administrative Computing SystemsB.S., B.S.C.S., Old Dominion UniversityM.A., The George Washington UniversityDouglas Leary (2008)Systems AdministratorB.S., University of North Carolina at WilmingtonM.C.S., American Intercontinental UniversityDonald Stauffer (1997)Computer ProgrammerB.S., M.B.A., Ohio State UniversityMarcia J. Williams (1997)Network ManagerB.A., Saint Leo CollegeM.P.A., Troy State UniversityFood ServicesTimothy LockettDirector of Dining ServicesVicki KassickDirector of CateringAssociate in Culinary Arts, International Culinary AcademyPhysical PlantDavid Hopper (1994)Director of the Physical PlantMichael A. RigbyDirector of Housekeeping and GroundsB.S., Pennsylvania State UniversityM.S., Edinborough State UniversityVirginia Videll (1998)Assistant Director for Conferences and Special EventsB.A., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeGroundsLarry Barnard (2008) Kent Brown (2006)Kathleen G. Bartkus (2004) Robert Krauss (2006)Grounds Supervisor James Losey (2005)Marylee Bowen (2006)Lead Groundskeeper

DIRECTORY189HousekeepingLolita Anderson (2002) Nancy Napper (1987)Sandra Blankenship (2004) Shirley Pitchford (1991)Bernice Bledsoe (1992) Sheila Rouson (1987)Emika Bridgers (2005) Rosetta Snead (2001)Maria Clemons (2002) Betty Spence (2005)Anthony Daniels (1996) Portia Spence (2001)Gail Felder (2004) Harold Stallings (2005)Charlotte Hall (2006) Deborah Ware (1991)Tina Martin (1991), Supervisor Malasia Williams (1999)Mary McKennelly (1988) Caprena Wright (2007)Brenda Moore (1992) Joyce Young (1990)Margie Murray (2000)MaintenanceKent Algire (1991) Joseph Dykin (2005)Millard Bridgers (1996) Kevin Hafner (2003)Alan Brown (1997) Chris James (1990)Support Leader Thomas June (2006)Gale Carter (1989) Steven Sparks (1998)Secretary/Work Center Andrew Weaver (2002)Coordinator Frank White (1998)Robert Carl (2006)College AdvancementJack Sims (2004)Vice President for College AdvancementB.A., Morehead State UniversityM.P.S., Western Kentucky UniversityTheresa L. Barker (1986)Benefactor CoordinatorB.A., Indiana University of PennsylvaniaB.A., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeKristen Brown (2007)Assistant Director for Annual GivingB.A., Greensboro CollegeM.Ed., North Carolina State UniversityBeth Clarke (2006)Director of DevelopmentB.A., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeM.A., College of William and MaryChristopher M. Dagley (2004)Director of Special GiftsB.A., Christopher Newport UniversityTeri Eddleman (2006)Manager, College AdvancementPhyllis Fedele (2004)Business Manager for College AdvancementA.A.S., Commonwealth CollegeSheri Higgason (2005)Development Assistant for GiftsVictoria Holliday (2005)Assistant Director for Development and Special EventsB.A., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeLori McCarel (2007)Director of Annual GivingB.A., Virginia Wesleyan CollegePhillip E. Perdue (2004)Associate Vice President for College AdvancementB.A., Indiana UniversityM.D.A., Virginia Commonwealth UniversityJudi A. Sands (1999)Administrative Assistant to theVice President for College AdvancementSuzanne M. Savage (2004)Assistant Vice President for College AdvancementB.A., Emory UniversityAlumni OfficeLisa Black (2006)Director of Alumni RelationsB.S., Mary Baldwin CollegeMelissa Butcher (2008)Assistant Director Alumni RelationsB.A., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeChurch RelationsPatrick L. Gainer (2006)Director of Church Relations and StewardshipB.A., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeCollege CommunicationsRebecca L. Desjardins (2003)Executive Director of College CommunicationsB.A., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeChristine Hall (2005)Associate Director of College Communications/Design ManagerJanice Marshall-Pittman (2006)Assistant Director of College Communications/Project ManagerB.F.A., Virginia Commonwealth UniversityMegan ShearinAssistant Director of College Communications/Lead WriterB.A., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeEnrollment ManagementRichard T. Hinshaw (1997)Vice President for Enrollment Managementand Dean of AdmissionsB.A., Mars Hill CollegeCharlene Bess (2000)Support Staff SupervisorJudy Coyne (1997)Records ManagerBladen Finch (2003)Associate Director of AdmissionsB.A., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeSara E. Gastler (1997)Director of AdmissionsB.A., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeAngie Hawkins (2001)Director of Financial AidB.S., Hampton UniversityJennifer Hechtkopf (2006)Admissions CounselorB.A., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeKelly King (2007)Admissions CounselorA.A., Northern Virginia Community CollegeB.A., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeDebra Parks (2007)Financial Aid Administrative Assistant

190 DIRECTORYMarietta Pugliese (2007)ReceptionistKaren Sprague (2007)Assistant Director of Financial AidB.S., Old Dominion UniversityMegan Ulanich (2006)Assistant Director of AdmissionsB.A., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeTanya Williams (2000)Senior Associate Director of AdmissionsB.A., James Madison UniversityStudent AffairsDavid E. Buckingham (1982)Vice President for Student Affairs and Dean of StudentsB.S., Campbell CollegeM.A., Old Dominion UniversityKeith Moore (1999)Associate Vice President of Student Affairsand Institutional Assessment CoordinatorB.A., Curry CollegeM.Ed., University of MassachusettsEd.D., Nova Southeastern UniversityMichele A. Obenour (1988)Executive Assistant to theVice President for Student AffairsA.S., Edinboro UniversityB.A., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeKristen L. Whalen (2000)Assistant Dean of Students for Student Activities and Greek LifeB.S., M.Ed., Virginia Polytechnic Instituteand State UniversityAthletic DepartmentJoanne M. Renn (1994)Director of Athletics and Assistant Tennis CoachB.S., Old Dominion UniversityM.S., Troy State UniversityFrancesca Amasia (2005)Women’s Lacrosse, CoachB.A., Syracuse UniversityM.S.Ed., St. Bonaventure UniversityC. Nick Boothe (1986)Baseball CoachB.S., Old Dominion UniversityJeffrey Bowers (2000)Assistant Athletic Director and Women’s Soccer CoachB.S., York CollegeJohn Brinkman (2002)Director of Men’s and Women’s TennisB.S., M.A., Duqesne UniversityStephanie S. Dunmyer (2003)Women’s Basketball CoachB.A., Kenyon CollegeM.Ed., Ashland UniversityAmy M. Dunleavy (2004)Head Athletic TrainerB.S., Roanoke CollegeM.S.Ed., Old Dominion UniversityFrank Early (2007)Tennis CoachKevin Henry (2007)Assistant Athletic TrainerB.S., Marist CollegeM.S.Ed., Old Dominion UniversityAndrea Hoover (2007)Head Women’s Basketball CoachB.S., Slippery Rock UniversityM.A., Marietta CollegeShelly T. Hunter (2004)Athletic Department Intercollegiate CoordinatorB.A., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeM. Brandon Kirtley (2005)Assistant Athletic Trainer/Strength and Conditioning CoordinatorB.S., Longwood UniversityLaura Koontz (2007)Assistant Women’s Soccer CoachB.A., Wheaton CollegeJoyce Koubaroulis (2007)Field Hockey CoachB.S., Ursinus CollegeMathew Littleton (2004)Cross Country CoachB.A., North Central CollegeMichael Loyd (2005)Assistant Baseball CoachDavid M. Macedo (1998)Men’s Basketball CoachB.A., M.S., Wilkes UniversityMichael McFarland (2005)Assistant Men’s Soccer CoachB.S., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeChris Mills (2007)Assistant Men’s Soccer CoachLuke Reilly (2007)Assistant Men’s Lacrosse CoachB.A., University of Maryland, BaltimoreLindsey N. Reynolds (2008)Assistant Women’s Basketball CoachB.S., Roanoke CollegeM.S., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityJoshua P. Stewart (2002)Men’s Lacrosse CoachB.A. Hampden-Sydney CollegeJoseph Wasiluk (2001)Sports Information DirectorCampus CenterLina H. Green (1988)Associate Dean of Students and Director of Batten CenterB.S., M.Ed., Western Carolina UniversityWilliam Harrell (2001)Assistant Director of Batten Center andDirector of Aquatics & FitnessB.A., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeDouglas A. Kennedy (1988)Associate Dean for Campus RecreationB.S., University of DelawareM.S.Ed., Southern Illinois UniversityEd.D., Temple University

DIRECTORY191Campus SecurityJerry Mance (2007)Director of SecurityC. J. Sholler (2005)Administrative AssistantB.S., St. Cloud UniversitySecurity Patrol OfficersIbraheem Ali (2007) William Johnson (2007)Moses Alston (Cpl.) (1984) Jucoby Kinchen (2005)Benjamin Baird (2008) Ronald McFarland (Cpl.) (2003)Rudolph Christian (2008) Heather Peczkowski (2008)Paul Denver (Sgt.) (2004) Dwayne Perry (Cpl.) (2005)Victor F. Dorsey (Sgt.) (2005) Terry Robertson (Cpl.) (1995)Willie Freeman (Sgt.) (2005) Diana Stringer (Cpl.) (2007)John Gross (2006) Russell Taliaferro (Cpl.) (2005)Steven Hamill (2007) Arngeletta Wells (2007)Raymon Haywood (2008) Emmanuel White (Capt.) (1999)Jonathan Johnson (2006)Community ServiceDiane E. Hickey Hotaling (1985)Director of Community ServiceB.S., Utica College of Syracuse UniversityCounseling ServicesJames W. Brown (1999)Director of Student Counseling ServicesB.A., Transylvania UniversityM.S.W., University of North CarolinaMarea Hyman (2005)Assistant Director of Student Counseling ServicesB.A., Averett CollegeM.S.W., Virginia Commonwealth UniversityHealth ServicesMary A. Cureton, R.N. (1993)Director of Health ServicesBeth Israel School of NursingLori J. Hanley, R.N. (2007)Staff NurseA.S., Burlington Community CollegeB.S., University of MassachusettsResidence LifeMcCarren Caputa (2008)Assistant Dean of Students andDirector of Residence LifeB.A., Fort Lewis CollegeM.Ed., Western Washington UniversityCarrie Campbell (2008)Associate Director of Residence LifeB.S., Chowan CollegeM.S.Ed., Old Dominion UniversityDesiree Ladyman (2007)Office Manager, Coordinator of Student HousingA.D., Southwestern Oregon Community CollegeB.A., Virginia Wesleyan CollegeSTAFF EMERITIThe first date in parentheses indicates the year of appointment to theinstructional staff; the second date indicates the year of retirement.James R. Bergdoll (1966-1998)Vice President for College Relations and DevelopmentB.A., Randolph-Macon CollegeM.A., American UniversityWilliam T. Joseph (1966-2006)Vice President for Business AffairsA.B., East Carolina UniversityM.B.A., Old Dominion UniversityStephen S. Mansfield (1968-2008)Vice President for Academic Affairs andKenneth R. Perry Dean of the CollegeA.B., The College of William and MaryM.A., Ph.D., University of Virginia

192INDEXINDEXAAcademic Clemency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Academic Probation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Academic Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Academic Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Academic Skills Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Academic Standing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Academic Suspension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Accommodations forStudents with Special Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Additional Baccalaureate Degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Administrative Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186Admission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Adult Studies Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Advanced Placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Advisory System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 40Aid Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Alternate CertificationProgram for Teachers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 75American Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Application for Admission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Application for Degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Applied Music . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135Art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Art History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Athletics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178Attendance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Auditing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31BBachelor of Arts Degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Bachelor of Science Degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Biology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Board of Trustees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120CCalendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inside Back CoverCampus Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176Campus Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177Careers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Catalog of Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Center for Sacred Music . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Center for the Studyof Religious Freedom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45, 61Chapel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Classical Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Classics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Classification of Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Clubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178College Level Examination Program (CLEP) . . . . 12, 40College Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Commencement Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 67Communications/Journalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Community Council . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176Commuting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176Computer Literacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Computer Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Counseling Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177Course Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Course Hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Course Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Course Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Course Repeat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Course Drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Creative Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Criminal Justice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163Cross Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Cultural Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

INDEX193DDean’s List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180Directory Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Dismissal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Divisional Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Dropping A Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34EEarth and Environmental Sciences . . . . . . . . . . . 71Early Admission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Economics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120Education/Special Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Educational Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 82Environmental Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Examinations and Grade Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Experiential Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Experimental Courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Externships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35FFaculty Emeriti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184Family Educational Rights andPrivacy Act (FERPA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Financial Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Financial Aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17, 39First-Year Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Foreign Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 94Foreign Language Proficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Foreign Languages and Literatures . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Foreign Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38, 97Frames of Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 25French . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97GGeneral Studies Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21General Studies Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Geography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103German . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Grade Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Grade of H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Grade Point Average . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 32Grade Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Grading System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Graduation Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 27Greek (See Classics) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Guided Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36HHealth Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155Health and Human Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Health Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 107Home School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Honor Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Honors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Honors and Scholars Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Hour PoliciesClassification of Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Course Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Course Loads (54/78 rule) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Residence Requirement (30-hour rule) . . . . 27Humanities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 29, 114IIncomplete (Grade) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Independent Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Individualized Major . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Information Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122Internships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35International Baccalaureate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Interdisciplinary Major . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Interdisciplinary Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Interdivisional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

194INDEXInterdivisional Major-Prescribed . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 118International Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11International Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118JJane P. Batten Student Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176Japanese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Journalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Junior Semester Abroad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97KLLaboratory Science Courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 25Latin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Latin Honors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Learning Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Liberal Arts Management Program (LAMP) . . . . 39, 120Liberal Studies Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 120Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7MMajor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 27Major, Departmental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Major, Divisional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Major, Individualized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Major, Interdisciplinary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Major, Interdivisional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Major Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28MajorsAmerican Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Biology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Classical Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Computer Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126Criminal Justice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 163Earth & Environmental Sciences . . . . . . . . . 71English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Environmental Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Foreign Languages and Literatures . . . . . . . . 94French . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97German . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Health and Human Services . . . . . . . . . . . . 103History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 107Humanities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Individualized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Interdivisional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30International Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118Latin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Liberal Arts Management Program . . . . . . . 39, 120Liberal Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 120Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126Music . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132Natural Sciences and Mathematics . . . . . . . 29Philosophy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135Political Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140Psychology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149Recreation and Leisure Studies . . . . . . . . . . 154Religious Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160Social Sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163Social Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Sociology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163Spanish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Theatre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169Theatre and English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169Women’s and Gender Studies . . . . . . . . . . . 172Management/Business/Economics . . . . . . . . . . . . 120Marlins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 126Military Credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Minor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31MinorsArt (see Studio Art) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Art History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Biology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Classical Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

INDEX195Computer Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126Criminal Justice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163Earth & Environmental Sciences . . . . . . . . . 71English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Environmental Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91French . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97German . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Journalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126Media Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Music . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132Philosophy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135Political Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140Psychology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149Religious Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160Sociology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163Spanish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Studio Art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Theatre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169Women’s and Gender Studies . . . . . . . . . . . 172Mission Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Music . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132NName Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Natural Sciences and Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 29Non-Discrimination Policy . . . . . . . Inside Front CoverNon-Resident Credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34OOral Communication Proficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178PPart-time Faculty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185Pass/Fail Grades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Payment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Philosophy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135Physical Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156Physical Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Physical Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140Physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140Plan of Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Political Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140Pre-Professional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48PORTfolio Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 147Professional Development Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148Professional Education Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Program Enhancement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Psychology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149QRReadmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Recreation and Leisure Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154Refund Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Registration, Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Registration, Cross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Religious Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160Repeating a Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Residence Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Residential Living . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176Rights and Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6ROTC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38SSatisfactory Academic Progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Science (Earth and Environmental Sciences) . . . . 71Selective Retention Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Senior Integrative Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 27Social Sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 29, 163Social Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Sociology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163Spanish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Special Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Special Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Spiritual Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177Staff Emeriti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191Student Government Association . . . . . . . . . . . . 177Student Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

196 INDEXStudio Art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Study Abroad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38, 97Summer Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Support Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Suspension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40TTeaching Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 75Theatre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169Therapeutic Recreation(see Recreation and Leisure Studies) . . . . . . 154Transcripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Transfer Credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Transfer Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11, 38Transient Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Trustees, Board of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180Two-Course Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Tuition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36UVVeterans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Virginia Tidewater Consortium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12WWesleyan Scholars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Winter Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Withdrawal from College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 34Women’s & Gender Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172Writing Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Writing Intensive Courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22XYZ

CALENDAR 2008–20092008JANUARY APRIL JULY OCTOBERS M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 46 7 8 9 10 11 12 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 5 6 7 8 9 10 1113 14 15 16 17 18 19 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 12 13 14 15 16 17 1820 21 22 23 24 25 26 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 19 20 21 22 23 24 2527 28 29 30 31 27 28 29 30 27 28 29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30 31FEBRUARY MAY AUGUST NOVEMBERS M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S1 2 1 2 3 1 2 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 3 4 5 6 7 810 11 12 13 14 15 16 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 9 10 11 12 13 14 1517 18 19 20 21 22 23 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 16 17 18 19 20 21 2224 25 26 27 28 29 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 23 24 25 26 27 28 2931 30MARCH JUNE SEPTEMBER DECEMBERS M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 62 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 7 8 9 10 11 12 139 10 11 12 13 14 15 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 14 15 16 17 18 19 2016 17 18 19 20 21 22 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 21 22 23 24 25 26 2723 24 25 26 27 28 29 29 30 28 29 30 28 29 30 3130 312009JANUARY APRIL JULY OCTOBERS M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 11 12 13 14 15 16 1718 19 20 21 22 23 24 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 18 19 20 21 22 23 2425 26 27 28 29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30 26 27 28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30 31FEBRUARY MAY AUGUST NOVEMBERS M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 14 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 9 10 11 12 13 1415 16 17 18 19 20 21 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15 16 17 18 19 20 2122 23 24 25 26 27 28 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 22 23 24 25 26 27 2824 25 26 27 28 29 30 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 29 3031 30 31MARCH JUNE SEPTEMBER DECEMBERS M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 58 9 10 11 12 13 14 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 6 7 8 9 10 11 1215 16 17 18 19 20 21 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 13 14 15 16 17 18 1922 23 24 25 26 27 28 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 20 21 22 23 24 25 2629 30 31 28 29 30 27 28 29 30 27 28 29 30 31Fall Semester 2008Summer Orientation for Freshmen______July 14-15July 16-17Faculty Workshop___________________Aug. 20-21New students arrive _________________Aug. 21New Student Orientation_____________Aug. 21-23Residence Halls open forreturning students, 10:00 a.m. ______Aug. 23Day and ASP classes begin ____________Aug. 25Honor Convocation _________________Aug. 28Labor Day holiday (no classes) ________Sept. 1Monday laboratories meet ____________Sept. 2-6ASP weekend classes begin ___________Sept. 5-6Homecoming/Family Weekend ________Oct. 3-5*Fall break ________________________Oct. 9-10Progress Reports available (on line)______Oct. 14Last day to drop courses withoutan automatic “WF”_______________Oct. 24Advising week for spring registration ____Oct. 27-Nov. 7VWC Day ________________________Nov. 8Scholarship Day ____________________Nov. 10**Thanksgiving holiday ______________Nov. 26-28Classes resume _____________________Dec. 1Day classes end_____________________Dec. 5Reading Day_______________________Dec. 6December Graduate Reception ________Dec. 7Final examinations __________________Dec. 8-11ASP final examinations ___________Dec. 5-11Semester ends after last exam __________Dec. 11* Evening classes meet Thursday.** Laboratories do not meet Monday or Tuesday of this week.Only Monday evening classes meet this week.*** Evening classes meet.Spring Semester 2009Winter Session _____________________Jan. 5-23Faculty Workshop___________________Jan. 22New students arrive _________________Jan. 22New Student Orientation_____________Jan. 23Residence Halls open forreturning students, 10:00 a.m. ______Jan. 25Day and ASP classes begin ____________Jan. 26ASP weekend classes begin ____________Jan. 30-31VWC Day ________________________Jan. 31Scholarship Days ___________________Feb. 4, 7, 13,16Progress Reports available (on line)______Mar. 13Spring Break_______________________Mar. 14-22Residence Halls open forreturning students, 10:00 a.m. ______Mar. 22Classes resume _____________________Mar. 23Last day to drop courseswithout automatic “WF” __________Mar. 27VWC Day ________________________Apr. 4Advising week for fall registration_______Apr. 6-17Easter Sunday/Monday holiday*** ______Apr. 12-13Monday Laboratories meet this week ____Apr. 14-18Faculty Assembly-Facultyapprove graduates ________________Apr. 24Spring Honors Convocation___________May 1Classes end ________________________May 6Reading Day_______________________May 7Final examinations __________________May 8-9, 11-12ASP final examinations ____________May 5-9, 11-12Commencement____________________May 16Summer Session begins _____________May 26Summer Session ends _______________Aug. 10

757.455.3208 • 800.737.86841584 Wesleyan Drive, Norfolk/Virginia Beach, Virginiawww.vwc.eduB R I N G A S P A R K • L I G H T A F I R E