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XV – The Law of NeutralityChapter Contents15.1 Introduction15.2 Application of the Law of Neutrality15.3 Overview of the Neutrality Law’s Framework of Reciprocal Rights andDuties15.4 Remedies for Violations of Neutrality Law15.5 Prohibition on the Use of Neutral Territory as a Base of Operations15.6 Neutral Persons15.7 Neutral Waters15.8 Passage of Belligerent Vessels and Aircraft Through International Straits andArchipelagic Sea Lanes15.9 Additional Rules Applicable to Neutral Ports, Roadsteads, and InternalWaters15.10 Neutral Airspace15.11 Belligerent Right of Angary15.12 Neutral Commerce and Carriage of Contraband15.13 Belligerent Right of Visit and Search of Merchant Vessels and CivilAircraft15.14 Acquisition of Enemy Character by Neutral-Flagged Merchant Vessels andNeutral-Marked Civil Aircraft15.15 Capture of Neutral Vessels and Aircraft15.16 Belligerent Forces Taking Refuge in Neutral Territory15.17 POWs or Internees Brought to, or Received by, a Neutral State15.18 Authorized Passage of Wounded and Sick Combatants Through NeutralTerritory15.1 INTRODUCTIONThis Chapter addresses the law of neutrality.Issues of neutrality law can raise questions of national policy regarding an armedconflict. 1 In U.S. practice, such national policies would be developed through the NationalSecurity Council (NSC) process by the Department of State and other departments and agenciesrepresented on the National Security Council. 2Some of the rules described in this Chapter were formulated long ago. Moreover, treatiesconcerning the law of neutrality might, by their terms, apply only to a limited set of international1 Refer to § 15.2.1.1 (Application of the Law of Neutrality and the National Policies of States Towards an ArmedConflict).2 See, e.g., Barack Obama, Presidential Policy Directive – 1, Organization of the National Security Council System,Feb. 13, 2009.929