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46OPTIMIZING PRIVATE LAND CONSERVATION AND PUBLIC LAND USE PLANNING⁄REQUISITION●●●serving organizations, urban parks and recreation departments, and schools.These tend to have proven track records, respect, and trust in their localcommunities. Partnerships with such organizations should be based onequity of power, resources, and sharing of benefits over the longer term;Working with foundations and conservation groups with shared interest todiversify by sharing information, lessons learned, and efforts;Expanding partnerships with labor, civil rights and faith movements; andEngaging young people by connecting them both to nature and leadershipopportunities.Several land trusts have worked with communities of color and othernontraditional partners on such initiatives. In its efforts to become a welcomingorganization that reflects the diversity of Massachustts, The Trustees of Reservations(Trustees) has taken steps “to enhance conservation awareness across all communitiesand prepare the next generation for environmental stewardship” (The Trustees ofReservations, 2007). Trustees’ 2007 Strategic Plan includes some of the steps they haveoutlined to engage with broader audiences: creating a Diversity Council, developingan organizational culture that recognizes the value of diversity, applyingcommunication tools to attract and engage a wider constituency, collaborating withnew partners, and reaching out to minority populations to learn more from andadapt to their knowledge and values.In California, the Big Sur Land Trust (BSLT) has committed to “engaging withcommunity members whose interests may have been ignored or not served by theland conservation movement” (BSLT, n.d.) By addressing community concerns likeeconomic vitality, food protection, and affordable housing, BSLT strives not only topreserve land and waterways, but the very vitality of communities. Whether engagingwith broad-based organizations to develop urban parks and recreationalopportunities or providing donations following severe wildfires to support evacuatedresidents, BSLT has taken steps on several fronts to work with new partners and incollaborative processes to create healthy and thriving communities.These and other experiences suggest that engaging new partners in campaignsrequires time and openness to the goals of potential new partners.Potential Conflict and BenefitWhile campaigns may support each other, they may also lead to a number offrustrations and conflicts with other efforts. Some of these potential areas of conflictinclude:●A short-term focus on raising money without a long-term commitment to thepartners and community will defeat efforts to build sustainable coalitions;●Failing to meet commitments over time will lead to suspicion and skepticism;and●Choosing distracted or less adept partners may cause frustrations for otherpartners.yale school of forestry & environmental studies
SECTION 347Source: Moore, Christopher W. (2003). TheMediation Process: Practical Strategies for ResolvingConflict. John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated.Spangler (2003) notes that keeping acoalition together may require catering tosome sides more than others, reconcilingdifferent tactics (conciliatory versusconfrontational), and carefully definingrelationships, distributions of power indecision making, and acknowledgement forcontributions.Joining or forming a coalition, Spangler(2003) continues, is both a rational and anemotional decision. Should a land trustdetermine that a coalition will provide theeffective means to pursue its goals andobjectives, and that working with otherorganizations will not be overly complexand troublesome, the land trust may enjoy a number of benefits, including:●●●●Exposure and access to more expertise and resources (technical, financial,and personnel);Opportunities for new leadership to emerge;Greater relevance and heightened public profile; andStrength in numbers and interests that will be difficult for opponents to dismiss.If bond measures can be designed to benefit several groups, or variousstakeholders can identify overlaps in interests that might be pursued in the regulatoryprocess, these groups can band together to make sure that implementation does notget bogged down, that benefits are distributed in a timely and equitable manner, andthat sustainable partnerships are formed to aid in future efforts. Similar opportunitiesappear to be available for efforts to design and adopt laws incentivizing or requiringmore sustainable land use.Campaigns as Engines for Change Over TimeCampaigns, especially for ballots, tend to be unstable, ephemeral organisms. Staffmembers are hired and volunteers recruited for five months, coalitions are formed, abill is passed, and the coalition disintegrates. For example, the Pima Countygovernment in Arizona was propelled by Endangered Species Act provisions todevelop a Multispecies Conservation Plan. The local National Rifle Associationchapter, developers and homebuilders, the Sierra Club, and many others joinedtogether to urge their respective cohorts to vote in favor of a $174 million open-spacebond package. However, groups from this coalition tended to go their separate waysafter the bond was passed.Within the private land conservation sector, while the broad base of support forballot measures may help in future conservation campaigns, there are few obviousexamples of sustainable coalitions, whereby partnerships were created to pass bondsyale school of forestry & environmental studies
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SECTION 697Morrow, D. (2010). Doing
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SECTION 699●Land trusts will need
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SECTION 1109Biosketches of AuthorsB
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Yale School of Forestry& Environmen
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