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48OPTIMIZING PRIVATE LAND CONSERVATION AND PUBLIC LAND USE PLANNING⁄REQUISITIONbut were then kept intact to support other campaigns. A series of recent ballotmeasures supporting an array of subjects including urban parks, wildlife areas, airquality, beach cleanups, and water quality have brought a number of non-profitgroups and the Latino community in Los Angeles together. Similarly, New York Statehas passed a number of bond acts bringing together a range of stakeholders. But casestudies, lessons learned, theoretical underpinnings, and techniques for maintainingsuch coalitions over time appear to be lacking.However, a number of land trusts are beginning to engage in campaigns and theircommunities in new, innovative ways. In doing so, they confront a number ofchallenges, including being associated with politics, government, and regulation. Thisrequires stepping out of the comfort zone and tinkering with the anathema of thelandowners they work with: regulation. In 2004, 97 of the 100 fastest growing countiesin the US voted for President Bush (personal communication with Ernest Cook, SeniorVice President, TPL). Land trusts entering this political arena will have to recognize,understand, and be adept at addressing Republican mindsets. For conservation fundingballot referenda, this may be comparatively easy. This conservation tool may bedescribed as a free-market, landowner friendly solution that will not deprive owners ofproperty rights or decrease property values. Support for new land use regulations poseshigher hurdles. As such, while both types of campaigns tend to engage similarorganizations and individuals, as well as tactics like polling and public surveys,campaigns for ballot measures to provide conservation funding and those to adopt newzoning/land use requirements tend to be considered different beasts.Discussion Questions●Why are conservation groups becoming more active in campaigning forpassage of ballot measures, but not for new zoning requirements?●●●●●What sort of messages can land trusts use to make conservation-basedregulation/incentives palatable to hesitant landowners?How can land trusts make sure that facts (e.g., the negative net fiscal impactof most development) are included in public discussions?Where and how might land trusts help local governments create a credibleprocess that citizens will engage in? How might they translate theircredibility and harness the community’s values in the land into this process?While land trusts have been successful in getting bonds passed, there is somepressure in states like New Jersey to reduce taxes, including for open spacespreservation. How can land trusts respond?How might one create coalitions that are not ephemeral and that mightdevelop into more sustainable advocates for better land use over time?yale school of forestry & environmental studies
SECTION 349Organizations Doing Interesting WorkThe New Jersey Keep it Green Campaign – The organization ran a successfulcampaign in 2009 that led to the passage of a $400 million bond to preserve cleandrinking water, wildlife habitat, working farms, and natural areas. See http://www.njkeepitgreen.org/.The National Trails Training Partnership (NTTP) – NTTP provides a robust libraryof campaigning resources and training tools for conservation groups. Seehttp://www.americantrails.org/.The Conservation Campaign – The Conservation Campaign provides leadership,expertise, and resources to mobilize public support to win ballot measures andlegislation that create more public funds to protect land and water resources. Seehttp://www.conservationcampaign.org/.Trust for Public Land LandVote (TPL) – TPL provides a database and mappingsystems as well as other publications on conservation ballot measures. Seehttp://www.tpl.org/tier3_cd.cfm?content_item_id=12010&folder_id=2386/.Leyland Alliance (LA) – A development company that creates a sense of place andcommunity through principles of traditional neighborhood design, LA has convenedhundreds of stakeholders in waterfront development planning charrettes in SouthCarolina and New York. See http://www.leylandalliance.com/.Lopez Community Land Trust – Based in Washington, this community land trustconvenes public charrettes on several topics. See http://www.lopezclt.org/.Grafton Land Trust (GLT) – GLT works with federal, state, and local government ona range of projects, including charrettes, and has brought together five town boardsand the Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor in a partnership topreserve the 100-acre Hennessy Farm through an innovative limited developmentplan. See http://www.graftonland.org/.Center for Diversity and the Environment – Offers resources and guidance todevelop leaders, diversify institutions, and build community. See http://www.environmentaldiversity.org/.Big Sur Land Trust – The organization has engaged Latino and broadercommunity on several initiatives. See http://www.bigsurlandtrust.org/.Trustees of Reservations – To engage broader audiences, the organization hascrossed language barriers and taken a number of other steps. Seehttp://www.thetrustees.org/.Useful Readings/Works CitedBiesecker, E. (2008). Voting Patterns on Open Space Issues. In Broadening the Basethrough Open Space: Addressing Demographic Trends by Saving Land and ServingPeople. Conference Proceedings. <strong>Yale</strong> School of Forestry and EnvironmentalStudies. Pages 55-58.Big Sur Land Trust. (BSLT) (n.d.) Healthy Communities. Retrieved February 24, 2011at http://www.bigsurlandtrust.org/communities.yale school of forestry & environmental studies
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SECTION 1109Biosketches of AuthorsB
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