Section BtrademarksFigure B.1.3.1 Trademark applications by geographical region2007 2011Asia: 35.1% Europe: 40.7%Latin America & the Caribbean: 8.9% North America: 9.9%Oceania: 2.7% Africa: 2.6%Asia: 44.0% Europe: 32.8%Latin America & the Caribbean: 9.8% North America: 8.8%Oceania: 2.4% Africa: 2.3%Source: WIPO Statistics Database, October <strong>2012</strong>Figure B.1.3.2 Trademark applications by income group2007 2011High-income: 54.3% Upper middle-income: 34.4%Lower middle-income: 10.1% Low-income: 1.2%High-income: 45.1% Upper middle-income: 43.9%Lower middle-income: 9.9% Low-income: 1.0%Source: WIPO Statistics Database, October <strong>2012</strong>Table B.1.3.3 Distribution of trademark applications by top Nice classes, 2011RankClass*Classshare (%)1 35 - Advertising and business management 9.32 25 - Clothing, footwear, headgear 6.93 9 - Scientific, photographic, measuring instruments; recording equipment; computers and software4 41 - Education, entertainment, and sporting activities 5.25 5 - Pharmaceutical preparations, baby food, dietary supplements for humans and animals, disinfectants, fungicides and herbicides 4.76 30 - Coffee, tea, cocoa, rice, flour, bread, pastry and confectionery, sugar, honey, yeast, salt, mustard; vinegar, sauces (condiments) and spices 4.17 42 - Scientific and technological services, design and development of computer hardware and software 4.1816 - Paper, cardboard and goods made from these materials; printed matter, photographs, artists’ materials, typewriters, and plastic materialsfor packaging 3.49 3 - Bleaching preparations and other substances for laundry use; cleaning and abrasive preparations; soaps, perfumery and cosmetics 3.410 29 - Meat, fish, poultry and game; preserved, frozen, dried and cooked fruits and vegetables; eggs, milk and milk products 2.9Thirty-five remaining classes 49.1Note: These numbers are based on direct filing data from 70 offices - which include, for example, the Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market (OHIM) andthe offices of Australia, China, France and the US – and on Madrid designation data from 87 offices, resulting in an aggregate total of 105 offices.*Some classes listed are abbreviated. See Annex B for full definitions.Source: WIPO Statistics Database, October <strong>2012</strong>104
Section btrademarksAs mentioned previously, the 45 classes of the NCLconsist of those relating to either goods or services.Together, the 11 service-related classes accounted forone-third of all classes specified in applications filed in2011 (Figure B.1.3.4). This is up by 3.5 percentage pointsfrom 2004, demonstrating the continued importanceapplicants place on protecting their brands in serviceorientedindustries.Figure B.1.3.4 Trademark applicationsby goods and services classes, 2011Goods classes: 66.7%Services classes: 33.3%Source: WIPO Statistics Database, October <strong>2012</strong>Table B.1.3.5 breaks down the 45 Nice classes into 10categories or groups based on their respective industrysectors for around 100 IP offices worldwide. These categorieswere developed by Edital®, a company specializingin trademark information. These class groups do notalways contain the same number of classes. In addition,some class numbers could have been associated withseveral categories but, for the sake of simplicity, theyhave been assigned to only one. The class groups mayconsist of both goods and services classes.This table depicts the distribution of trademark applicationsacross various sectors of the economy. No specificcategory seems to largely dominate for trademark applications;however, there are a few, such as “chemicals”and “transportation and logistics”, for which trademarkprotection is sought less frequently. Six of the 10 groupseach comprise more than 10 percent of the total shareof classes specified in applications, with agriculturalproducts and services accounting for the highest shareat over 15 percent of the aggregated total. Comparedto 2007 and all other years since 2004, it is worth notingthat there has been very little change in the distributionof trademark applications among the industries listed.Like class rankings, the shares of class groups differacross offices.Table B.1.3.5 Trademark applications by industry sectorShare (%)Industry sector2007 2011 ChangeAgricultural products and services 14.5 15.4 0.9Textiles - Clothing and Accessories 12.9 14.2 1.3Scientific research, Information technology, Communications 14.6 14.1 -0.5Management, Communications, Real estate and Financial Services 11.4 11.7 0.3Pharmaceuticals, Health, Cosmetics 11.4 11.1 -0.3Leisure, Education, Training 12.3 10.9 -1.4Construction, Infrastructure 7.6 7.0 -0.6Household equipment 6.3 6.9 0.6Transportation and Logistics 6.0 5.7 -0.3Chemicals 3.1 3.0 -0.1Note: 2007 figures are based on Nice class data for 94 offices, and those for 2011 are based on data for 105 offices. For definitions of the class groups, seeAnnex B for a complete list of the Nice Classification.Sources: WIPO Statistics Database and Edital®, October <strong>2012</strong>105
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