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Table 2.1 Total amount of rubbish collected in sacks in the Oslofjord.Place and year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Ytre Oslofjord øst 13125 11 979 14 918 13 672 15 251 15 529 13 049 10 731Indre Oslofjord 14453 15 180 17 299 16 308 15 531 14 068 14 941 11 371Ytre Oslofjord vest 6 774 7 953 8 206 7 313 8 102 6 647 8 504 6 020Telemark 7 721 8 739 9 048 10 436 10 364 9 689 8 810 9 777Total number 42073 43 851 49 471 47 729 49 248 45 933 45 304 37 899The weight of each sack of rubbish is assumed to be about 15 kg. So the total amount of collectedrubbish varied between 570.000kg and 742.000kg/season. However this is likely to be anunderestimation of the total amount of marine litter in the area.In the Netherlands one of the main sources of information on the amounts of marine litter isCoastwatch. It is a practical environmental initiative to raise awareness of the issue of marine litter,monitor litter on Dutch beaches and to encourage action to reduce marine pollution at source, isco-ordinated by the North Sea Foundation. Within the Coastwatch project classes of schoolchildren (between 12 and 14 years old) go to several beaches along the Dutch coast andinvestigate the amount and the composition of marine litter items. The items are weighted anddelivered to the waste disposal site in cooperation with the local government.The OSPAR reference beach data of the Netherlands during 2001-2007 is represented in thefollowing graphs (figure 2.6).BergenNoordwijkNumber of Items2000150010005000342646288682 58015431097Number of Items350030002500200015001000500010393781008734326210332001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20072002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007YearYearVeereTerschellingNumber of Items3000250020001500100050002614123215513096543012002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007YearNumber of Items300025002000150010005000280724941329 134417992842002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007YearFigure 2.6 Amounts of marine litter from on the Dutch reference beaches, 2001-2007It can be observed that despite significant year on year variations there has been no observablereduction in the amount of marine litter and in Veere there is an increasing trend.8
In Sweden, in 2007 beaches on the Swedish west coast from Gothenburg to the Norwegian borderwere monitored as part of the OSPAR Pilot project. The amount of marine litter found on the westcoast during annual clean up activities was in the Region of 4000m3. On the German North Seacoast, between 2002-2006, a total of 70 surveys from 5 beaches, in Schleswig-Holstein, weremade in the OSPAR Marine Beach Litter Monitoring Pilot Project.An average of 162 items were found in 100m surveys of the coastline. 115 (71%) of the litter itemswere plastic or polystyrene and 10% was wood.Approximately 2.6 m³/km of litter was collected on the mainland dykes (358 km) in Schleswig-Holstein (Germany), in 2006. The data is represented in the following table:Table 2.2 Data from the OSPAR Marine Beach Litter Monitoring Pilot Project for Schleswig-Holstein 2006Stranded goods2006 per region:m³ organic +inorganickm ofcoast% inorganic= litterm³/kmm³/kminorganicm³inorganicNordfriesland 9733 218,9 6,14% 44,5 2,7 597,6Dithmarschen 13650 82,3 1,54% 165,9 2,6 210,2Unterelbe 4117 56,8 < 1%Total 27500 358 Average: 2.6 Total:807,8In the annual Marine Conservation Society UK beach litter survey (Beachwatch) a total of 168.5km of coastline was surveyed in 2007 8 . The mean number of items found per km in the surveyedwas 2,054 items/km for the UK as a whole. This is the highest quantity of marine items everrecorded apart from in 2003. The average density of litter recorded on UK beaches increased from1,989 items/km in 2006 to 2,054 items/km in 2007. Based on these figures, since MCSBeachwatch 1994 the density of litter found has risen by over 96.5%. However this includes UKdata from both the Celtic and Greater North Sea Regions (see figure 2.7).Figure 2.7 Mean number of items of litter/km surveyed recorded in Beachwatch surveys 1994- 2007 forthe whole of the UK.In relation to the Greater North Sea a total of 25,521 litter items were collected on 40 beaches inthe Channel Islands (1 on Alderney, 31 on Guernsey, 5 on Herm Island, and 3 on Jersey) over atotal length of 18,042m. On average 1,414.5 items of litter /km were recorded, lower than the UKaverage (2,054/km), and lower than results in 2006, representing a decrease of 14.07% in litter8 MCS Beachwatch 2007. The Annual UK Beach Litter Survey report. Marine Conservation Society9
Page 3: Marine litter in theNorth-East Atla
Page 8 and 9: ContentsAssessment of the Marine Li
Page 10 and 11: Figure 2.20 Proportion of different
Page 12 and 13: This report along with others from
Page 16 and 17: Figure 2.2 Most common (total numbe
Page 20 and 21: levels. Despite this drop, overall
Page 22 and 23: average density for the UK (2,054/k
Page 24 and 25: litter in the North-East Atlantic.
Page 26 and 27: Figure 2.15 Fulmars feeding at sea
Page 28 and 29: The results of this programme have
Page 30 and 31: Celtic Seas16141210Tonnes864201st 0
Page 34 and 35: The Dutch Seabird Group collected 2
Page 38 and 39: Figure 2.28 below represents types
Page 40 and 41: Table 2.5 Source-specific indicator
Page 42 and 43: % Recreational & Beachvisitors% Fis
Page 44: 2.3.1.4 Bay of Biscay and Iberian C
Page 47 and 48: Figure 2.40 A fridge deliberately d
Page 49 and 50: Figure 3.2 An entangled Minke Whale
Page 51 and 52: Figure 3.5 Eco performance of Fulma
Page 53 and 54: It is possible that marine litter w
Page 55 and 56: • The stalked barnacle (Dosimia f
Page 57 and 58: • Tourism and recreational activi
Page 59 and 60: 3.3.1 Cost of Management of Marine
Page 61 and 62: 4 Existing Legal Regimes in the are
Page 63 and 64: The three objectives of the CBD are
Page 65 and 66: 4.2 National and Local Legislation4
Page 67 and 68: 4.2.7.2 The Merchant Shipping (Prev
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4.2.7.7 The Anti Social Behaviour A
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The implementation of the following
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4.3.5 UKMarine litter is covered by
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• Annual report on ship generated
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5.1 Port reception facilities (PRFs
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Table 5.1 Port Reception Facilities
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6 Existing Monitoring Programmes re
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was very 'average' for the situatio
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Between locations and Regions in th
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9 Gaps, Needs, Priorities and Recom
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whole OSPAR Maritime Area is Fishin
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GAUSSAssociation on Environmental P
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BibliographyBrowne, M., et al. 2007
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OSPAR CommissionQuestionnaireAssess
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2. The scale of the problem2.1 Amou
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Please specify the cost of manageme
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3. Sources of marine litter in the
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4. Existing legal regimes in the ar
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What organizations have the legal r
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Please stipulate what the availabil
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How efficient is the collection of
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7. Scientific studies and researchP
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Additional information:103
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Faroe Islands (Denmark):SURVEYS/MON
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Other monitoring programmes related
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Germany:SURVEYS/MONITORING/OTHERNam
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Adopt a Beach and Beachtwatch Progr
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Denmark:SURVEYS/MONITORING/OTHERNam
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France:SURVEYS/MONITORING/OTHERName
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GermanyCLEMENS, T. & E. HARTWIG (19
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The results of the project show tha
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