Women's Economic Opportunity Index - Economist Intelligence Unit

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Appendix IISources and definitionsWomen’s economic opportunityA new global index and rankingIndicator Source Year Indicator definitions and constructionWomen’s access to financeprogrammes (availabilityof outreach programmesto women that targetthe provision of financialservices through eithergovernment initiatives orprivate lendersDelivering financialservicesEconomist IntelligenceUnit analyst qualitativeassessmentConsultative Group toAssist the Poor, FinancialAccess 20092010 This question assesses three types of programmes:1) Initiatives to provide financial accounts to women (for example, current accounts, savingsaccounts and deposit accounts)2) Outreach efforts aimed at improving women entrepreneurs’ access to credit/loans/lines ofcredit, etc.3) Provision of financial literacy and/or risk-management programmes to womenThis indicator assesses the ability of women employed in the formal sector, as well as womenentrepreneurs (self-employed), to access the three programmes. Provision of these programmesis by the formal financial sector only. Microfinance lending/institutions are excluded from theanalysis.The scoring for this indicator is as follows:1= None of the three programmes are available2= Only one of the three programmes is available, but it is limited in scope (less than 20% ofwomen in the formal sector have access)3= Two of the three programmes are available, but they are modest in scope (about 50% of womenin the formal sector have access)/or only one of the three programmes is available, but it isreasonably broad in scope (about 70% of women in the formal sector have access)4= Two of the three programmes are available, and they are reasonably broad in scope (about 70%of women in the formal sector have access)/or women’s access to financial services is already verybroad, so these programmes are largely unnecessary5= All three programmes are available, they are comprehensive in scope/or women’s access tofinancial services is already widespread, so these programmes are unnecessaryThe maximum score a country can receive is 5, where 5= most favourable.2009 This indicator combines elements from Consultative Group to Assist the Poor’s Financial Accessreport for 2009.Indicator creation: A country receives 1 point for each of the following measures that it fulfils:1) Provision of basic, low-fee accounts for low-income clients2) If private operators can provide financial services at post officesThe points are added to obtain the final score, which ranges from 0 to 2 (a three-point scale).Singapore and Hong Kong (China) score a 1 on whether private operators can provide financialservices at post offices. This is because they are city-states, which obviates the geographic-basedneed for financial service provision at post offices.The maximum score a country can receive is 2, where 2= most favourable.3) Education and trainingIndicator Source Year Indicator definitions and constructionSchool life expectancy(primary and secondary);womenUN Educational,Scientific and CulturalOrganisation2008/2009data unlessotherwiseindicated inthe Women’sEconomicOpportunitymodelEducation has an impact on labour market and entrepreneurship outcomes.This indicator is the expected average years of schooling for students enrolled in primary andsecondary education. That is, it is the number of years a person of a given age can expect tospend in primary and secondary education, including years spent on repetition. For a child of acertain age a, the school life expectancy is calculated as the sum of the age specific enrolmentratios for the reference age-range a to n, divided by 100. This indicator shows the overall level ofdevelopment of an educational system in terms of the number of years of education that a child canexpect to achieve.133 Economist Intelligence Unit 2010
Appendix IISources and definitionsWomen’s economic opportunityA new global index and rankingIndicator Source Year Indicator definitions and constructionSchool life expectancy(tertiary education);womenAdult literacy rate; womenExistence of governmentor non-governmentprogrammes offeringSmall- and mediumenterprise(SME) support/development trainingUN Educational,Scientific and CulturalOrganisationUN Educational,Scientific and CulturalOrganisation, UnitedNations DevelopmentProgrammeEconomist IntelligenceUnit analyst qualitativeassessment2008/2009data unlessotherwiseindicated inthe Women’sEconomicOpportunitymodel2006/2007data unlessotherwiseindicated inthe Women’sEconomicOpportunitymodelHigher educational attainment results in improved employment/entrepreneurship opportunities.This indicator gives the total number of years of tertiary education that a person can expectto receive in the future, assuming that the probability of his or her being enrolled in tertiaryeducation at any particular age is equal to the current enrolment ratio for that age. For a personof a certain age a, the school life expectancy is calculated as the sum of the age specific enrolmentratios for the reference age-range a to n, divided by 100.This has an impact on labour market and entrepreneurship outcomes.The indicator gives the percentage of the female population aged 15 years and over that can bothread and write with understanding a short, simple statement on her everyday life. Generally,“literacy” also encompasses “numeracy”, the ability to make simple arithmetic calculations. Femaleadult illiteracy is defined as the percentage of the population aged 15 years and over who cannotboth read and write with understanding a short simple statement on her everyday life.2010 The literature suggests that training programmes for entrepreneurs encourage and supportbusiness development. This indicator considers if training has wide geographic availability, isaccessible to women as well as men, affordable for the majority of intended beneficiaries, if thelength of training takes into account women’s time burdens, and if it is culturally appropriate(that is, delivery must be culturally sensitive since in some countries, such as the Middle East,women cannot train with men). Working women, particularly working mothers, require trainingprogrammes that do not take them away from their families for an extended period of time, orwhich are suitably timed (this is what is meant by training not being overly time-consuming).In many societies, women have a triple time burden of work-household-children. This indicatorconsiders training programmes aimed at both men and women and considers both rural and urbanareas.The scoring for this indicator is as follows:0= Training programmes do not meet any of the following five conditions: they have widegeographic availability, are accessible to women as well as men, affordable for the majority ofintended beneficiaries, culturally appropriate, and the length of training takes into accountwomen’s time burdens1= Training programmes meet one or of the following five conditions: they have wide geographicavailability, are accessible to women as well as men, affordable for the majority of intendedbeneficiaries, culturally appropriate, and the length of training takes into account women’s timeburdens2= Training programmes meet two of the following five conditions: they have wide geographicavailability, are accessible to women as well as men, affordable for the majority of beneficiaries,culturally appropriate, and the length of training takes into account women’s time burdens3= Training programmes meet three of the following five conditions: they have wide geographicavailability, are accessible to women as well as men, affordable for the majority of beneficiaries,culturally appropriate, and the length of training takes into account women’s time burdens4= Training programmes meet four of the following five conditions: they have wide geographicavailability, are accessible to women as well as men, affordable for the majority of beneficiaries,culturally appropriate, and the length of training takes into account women’s time burdens5= Training programmes have wide geographic availability, are accessible to women as well as men,affordable for the majority of beneficiaries, culturally appropriate, and the length of training takesinto account women’s time burdensThe maximum score a country can receive is 5, where 5= most favourable.134 Economist Intelligence Unit 2010
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Women's Economic Opportunity Index - Economist Intelligence Unit

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