Women's Economic Opportunity Index - Economist Intelligence Unit

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Appendix IISources and definitionsWomen’s economic opportunityA new global index and ranking4) Women’s Legal and Social StatusIndicator Source Year Indicator definitions and constructionAddressing violenceagainst women (existenceof laws protecting womenagainst women)Freedom of movement(opportunity to move freelyoutside the house) forwomenThe UN Secretary-General’s Database onViolence Against WomenOrganisation forEconomic Co-operationand Development,Development Centre2009 (currentlaws andlegislativeprovisions)This indicator looks at the presence of laws that protect women against violence.Indicator construction: A point will be awarded if a country has existing laws and legislativeprovisions, at the national level, that protects women against violence in the following areas:1) Domestic violence2) Sexual assault/violence or rape3) Sexual harassmentAdding the points gives the indicator score, which ranges from 0 to 3 (a four-point scale).For countries where there is no national-level legislation, but there is legislation or articles in legalcodes at the provincial level that covers the entire country’s jurisdiction, this is assumed to be theequivalent of having national-level laws.Please note that this indicator only considers whether legislation exists for the three types ofviolence, and does not include an assessment of the quality of the law.In addition, information on the existence of the relevant laws and legislative provisions wassourced solely from the UN Secretary-General’s Database on Violence Against Women. Informationin this database is sourced from the responses to a questionnaire relating to violence againstwomen that was received from UN Member States. Other information included in the UN Secretary-General’s Database on Violence Against Women was obtained from states parties’ reports to humanrights organisations, information provided by countries in the follow-up to the Fourth WorldConference on Women in 1995, and information from other UN entities.The maximum score a country can receive is 3, where 3= most favourable.2009 Lack of freedom of movement constrains women’s ability to work. Freedom of movement measuresthe opportunity of women to move outside the home.The following elements were considered when scoring this indicator: freedom to travel; freedomto join a club or association; freedom to do grocery (and other types of) shopping without a maleguardian; freedom to see one’s family and friends.0= No restrictions on women’s movement outside the home0.5= (Some) women can leave home sometimes, but with restrictions1= Women can never leave home without restrictions (that is, they need a male companion, etc.)The maximum score a country can receive is 1, where 1= least favourable.135 Economist Intelligence Unit 2010
Appendix IISources and definitionsWomen’s economic opportunityA new global index and rankingIndicator Source Year Indicator definitions and constructionProperty ownership rights(this indicator considers ifmen and women have equalownership rights overmoveable and immoveableproperty both by law and inpractice)Adolescent fertility rate(age-specific fertility rateper 1,000 women, 15-19years of age)Country ratification ofthe Convention on theElimination of All Formsof Discrimination againstWomen (CEDAW)Economist IntelligenceUnit analyst qualitativeassessment based onlegal information fromthe World Bank Group’sWomen, Business and theLaw DatabaseUN Department forEconomic and SocialAffairs, PopulationDivision, World FertilityData 2008UN Treaty Collection2010 This indicator assesses if customary practices take precedence over legislation (statutory law) inways that are harmful to women, resulting in less-than-full ownership rights for women over theirproperty. Customary practices are unwritten rules and norms established by long usage (basedon customs and cultures). Customary practices may take precedence over legislation in somecountries.The scoring for this indicator is as follows:1= Information from the Women, Business and the Law database on ownership rights in legal codesindicate that men and women do not have equal ownership rights over moveable and immoveableproperty2= Men and women have equal ownership rights according to legal codes (Women, Business andthe Law database) but customary practices take precedence over statutory law in the vast majorityof cases in ways that are harmful to women3= Men and women have equal ownership rights according to legal codes (Women, Business andthe Law database), but customary practices take precedence over statutory law in ways that areharmful to women in a majority of cases4= Men and women have equal ownership rights according to legal codes (Women, Businessand the Law database), but customary practices occasionally (in up to 20% of the cases) takeprecedence over statutory law in ways that are harmful to women (for example, in minority ethnicgroups in a country)5= Men and women have ownership rights according to legal codes (Women, Business and the Lawdatabase) and customary practices do not take precedence over statutory law; or men and womenhave equal ownership rights in the legal codes and there are no relevant customary practices in thecountry under considerationThe maximum score a country can receive is 5, where 5= most favourable.2006 Higher adolescent fertility rates have negative implications for women’s health and labour forceparticipation/business creation. The adolescent fertility rate is the annual number of live births forwomen aged 15 to 19 years per 1,000 women in the same age group.2010 (currentstatus)The scoring for this indicator is as follows:0= CEDAW has not been ratified by the country under consideration1= CEDAW has been ratified by the country under consideration, but has reservations with CEDAWarticles, other than Article 29. The country has not signed the Optional Protocol2= CEDAW has been ratified by the country under consideration, but has reservations with CEDAWArticle 29 only. The country has not signed the Optional Protocol3= CEDAW has been ratified by the country under consideration without reservations, but has notsigned the Optional Protocol4= CEDAW has been ratified by the country under consideration without reservations, and hassigned the Optional ProtocolUnder Article 29 of CEDAW, two or more state parties can refer disputes about the interpretationand implementation of CEDAW to arbitration, and if the dispute is not settled, it can be referredto the International Court of Justice. CEDAW’s Optional Protocol allows the Committee on theElimination of Discrimination against Women to hear complaints from individuals or groupsof women into violations of their rights, and to conduct inquiries into grave violations of theConvention.The maximum score a country can receive is 4, where 4= most favourable.136 Economist Intelligence Unit 2010
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Women's Economic Opportunity Index - Economist Intelligence Unit

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