Guidance on Integrating Climate Change and Biodiversity into ...

Table 11: Examples of alternatives and mitigation measures related to climate change mitigationMain concerns related to:Examples of alternatives and/or mitigation measures at the assessment stageEnergy demand in industry • Reducing demand for energy (electricity or fuel) in industry• Alternative low-carbon sources (onsite or through specific low carbon energy supplier)• Targeted support to businesses engaged in eco-innovations, low-carbon business and lowcarbontechnologies• Potential synergies between adaptation and GHG reductionEnergy demand in housingand constructionGHG emissions inagricultureGHG emissions in wastemanagementTravel patterns and GHGemissions from transportGHG emissions fromenergy production• Improve the energy performance of buildings• Alternative low carbon sources (onsite or through specific low carbon energy supplier)• Potential synergies between adaptation and GHG reduction• Reducing the use of nitrogen in fertilising practices• Managing methane (enteric and manure)• Protecting natural carbon sinks, such as peat soils• Potential synergies between adaptation and GHG reduction• Harvesting methane emissions for biogas production• Consider ways in which the PP can increase waste prevention, re-use and recycling,particularly to divert waste from landfill• Consider ways of producing energy through waste incineration or producing biogas fromwastewater and sludge• Alternative low carbon sources (onsite or through specific low carbon energy supplier)• Potential synergies between adaptation and GHG reduction• Promote PP patterns that reduce the need to travel• Support car-free PP• Encourage walking and cycling• Encourage public transport• Provide transport choices to encourage a modal shift to cleaner modes (e.g. from cars totrains), such as an effective and integrated public transport system• Transport demand management schemes• Encourage car sharing• Prioritise high density urban PPs (smaller housing at higher density) and reuse of brownfieland• Generic recommendations are intentionally not provided as these are context-specific,depending upon the energy production capacity and energy supply sources of the area inquestion• Potential synergies between adaptation and GHG reductionForests and biodiversity • Investment in wetlands to support carbon sequestration to offset PP's GHG emissions.Table 12: Examples of alternatives and mitigation measures related to climate change adaptationMain concerns related to:Examples of alternatives and/or mitigation measures at the assessment stageHeat waves • Avoid development patterns that fragment habitat corridors or, for linear infrastructures,make sure that habitat continuity is restored in the most sensitive areas• Improvements in urban structure — expansion of green areas, open water surfaces andwind paths (along rivers and waterfronts) in urban areas to reduce the possible heatisland effect• Encourage greater use of green roofs• Reduce man-made exhausts during heat waves (industries, and car traffic)• Awareness-raising about risks associated with heat waves and action to reduce them• Heat wave early warning systems and response plans• Potential synergies between adaptation and GHG reductionDroughts • Encourage water efficiency measures• Explore efficient use/re-use of rainwater and grey water• Restrictions on excessive/non-essential use water use during droughts (depending ontheir severity)• Minimise low flow withdrawals• Restrictions for effluent discharges into water bodies during droughts• Maintain and improve the resilience of watersheds and aquatic ecosystems byimplementing practices that protect, maintain, and restore watershed processes andservices44 <strong>Guidance</strong> on integrating climate change and biodiversity into SEA