Farming freshwater prawns

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1ANNEX 9TABLEFarm-made grow-out feeds No. 1 and No. 2INGREDIENT FEED NO. 1 FEED NO. 2(kg) (%) (kg) (%)Trash fish 100.0 29.61 100.0 28.35Soybean meal 40.0 11.84 40.0 11.34Fish meal 20.0 5.92 10.0 2.84Corn meal 80.0 23.70 80.0 22.68Di-calcium phosphate 2.0 0.59 2.0 0.57Oxytetracycline* 0.2 0.06 - -Vitamin and mineral mix** 0.5 0.15 0.5 0.14Vitamin C - - 0.2 0.06Broken rice (boiled)*** 30.0 8.88 30.0 8.51Chicken layers feed 50.0 14.81 60.0 17.01Piglet feed 15.0 4.44 15.0 4.25Shrimp shell meal - - 15.0 4.25Totals (approximate) 337.7 100.00 352.7 100.00* PLEASE NOTE THE CAUTIONS ON THE REGULAR USE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN THE TEXT OF THIS MANUAL.** NO DETAILS AVAILABLE.*** WEIGHT BEFORE BOILING.2ANNEX 9TABLEFarm-made grow-outfeed No. 33ANNEX 9TABLEFarm-made grow-outfeed No. 4INGREDIENT (kg) (%)Trash fish 100 44.2Chicken feed 60 26.6Broken rice 30 13.3Fish meal 20 8.8Piglet concentrate* 15 6.6Premix** 1 0.5Total 226 100.0INGREDIENT (%)Fish meal* 22.5Fresh trash fish 10.0Rice bran 20.0Ground rice 17.5Sesame cake 12.5Fish oil 2.5Sago (palm starch) 7.0Cane molasses 6.5Animal grade Vitamin C** 0.5Water 1.0Total 100.0* COMPOSITION UNKNOWN.** A LOCALLY AVAILABLE VITAMIN MIXTURE BEING SOLD FOR FRESHWATERPRAWNS. IT WAS STATED TO CONTAIN VITAMINS A, D, C, AND E, AND ANUNSPECIFIED ANTIBIOTIC (OXYTETRACYCLINE ?) [SEE NOTE BELOW PREVI-OUS TABLE]. THE MANUFACTURER SUGGESTED A VITAMIN MIX INCLUSIONRATE OF 0.5-1.0%.* AT LEAST 50% PROTEIN.** NO DETAILS AVAILABLE. NOTE: NO OTHER SUPPLEMENTARY VITAMINSADDED.FRESHWATER PRAWNS188
4ANNEX 9TABLEFarm-made grow-outfeeds No. 5 and No. 65ANNEX 9TABLEFarm-made grow-outfeeds No. 7 and No. 8INGREDIENT FEED NO. 5 FEED NO. 6(%) (%)Shrimp meal 31.6 -Fish meal - 23.0Soybean meal(44% crude protein) 34.4 32.6Maize meal 14.2 17.5Alfalfa meal 10.3 13.2Fish oil 4.7 3.7Di-calcium phosphate 3.1 4.9Monosodium phosphate 0.7 4.1Premix* 0.4 0.4Iodized salt 0.5 0.5Binder* 0.1 0.1Totals 100.0 100.0* NO DETAILS AVAILABLE.INGREDIENT FEED NO. 7 FEED NO. 8(%) (%)Fish meal 20.0 -Shrimp head meal - 30.0Soybean meal 9.0 4.0Rice bran 45.0 35.0Coconut oil cake 20.0 20.0Tapioca (cassava starch) 5.0 9.0Pfizer premix A* 1.0 1.0Agar - 1.0Totals 100.0 100.0* NO DETAILS AVAILABLE.6ANNEX 9TABLEFarm-made grow-outfeeds No. 9 and No. 107ANNEX 9TABLEFarm-made grow-outfeeds No. 11 and No. 12INGREDIENT FEED NO. 9 FEED NO. 10(%) (%)Soybean meal (44% CP) 22.4 20.7Fish meal 20.0 20.0Maize meal 18.6 6.5Dried yeast 10.0 10.0Wheat meal 10.0 10.0Wheat bran - 8.8Grass meal (Brachariapurpurescens) 12.7 15.0Di-calcium phosphate 3.8 3.4Lime (calcite*) 0.1 0.4Fish oil 1.4 4.3Premix** 0.5 0.4Iodized salt 0.5 0.5Totals 100.0 100.0INGREDIENT FEED NO. 11 FEED NO. 12(%) (%)Fish oil 3.0 3.0Shrimp meal 25.0 10.0Fish meal 10.0 4.0Peanut meal (groundnut) 5.0 2.0Soybean meal 5.0 2.0Broken rice 25.5 39.0Rice bran 25.5 39.0Guar gum 1.0 1.0Totals 100.0 100.0* CRYSTALLINE CaCO 3** NO DETAILS AVAILABLE.NOTE: NO VITAMIN OR MINERAL MIXANNEX 9189
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Farming freshwater prawnsA manual f
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The designations employed and the p
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abstractTHE ORIGINAL MANUAL on fres
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table of contentsABSTRACTPREFACEINT
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Feed type 114Measuring feed efficie
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17. Measuring soil pH 10618. Reason
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87. Keeping market-sized prawns ali
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major subject of cultivation becaus
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has little relevance, especially be
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(zoeae) are just under 2 mm long (f
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TABLE1Body segments (somites) in Ma
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Figure 5The major malemorphotypes o
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tions, where a breeding stock of bo
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most hatcheries operated on flow-th
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BOX 1Removal of iron and manganeseW
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TABLE 3Artificial brackishwater (12
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TABLE 4Diluting seawater and brine
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mentally cultured at up to 10 ppt;
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cal quality and its lack of predato
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CHOOSING YOUR SITE: SOIL CHARACTERI
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such as fertilizers and equipment.
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perate (usually originating from st
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3.2 Holding your broodstock in temp
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ing system that consists of a 300 L
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4CHAPTERHatchery phaseALL FRESHWATE
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SOURCE: HASSANAI KONGKEOand dust. T
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FIGURE17This shows the water flow t
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Figure 21The water inthese larvalta
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FIGURE24Turn-down drains are the be
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FIGURE26Installing a ring main air
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Figure 28Power supplies arenot alwa
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Water dischargeYou should take care
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is recommended. The volume of these
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then multiply to cope with the nitr
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Regular monitoringof larval waterqu
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initial stocking rates shown inBox
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Recommendations forgood larval wate
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FIGURE35Many of the larvae that go
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TABLE 8Hatchery feeding scheduleLAR
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ing to avoid BSN leaving the tank.
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TABLE10The major diseases known to
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Notes on potential disease problems
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FIGURE36aA method of evaluating the
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occurred). You are therefore recomm
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5CHAPTERPostlarval holdingand nurse
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Figure 39Substrates can beused in n
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FIGURE41Postlarvae in plastic bags
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pH and temperature of the rearing f
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It is difficult to recommend exact
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6CHAPTERGrow-out phaseFRESHWATER PR
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FIGURE44ponds may become low enough
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FIGURE46Pond banks should have the
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FIGURE50The dissolved oxygen levels
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Figure 53Where thetopography of the
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Figure 56The outletstructure,someti
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Figure 58This freshwaterprawn pondh
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FIGURE59 cont.CROSS SECTIONSOURCE:
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Figure 64Long-shaftaeratorin action
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there is only a single stocking), t
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TABLE16Lime requirements for treati
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semi-intensive stocking rates vary
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Keeping rootedplants out ofyour pon
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advantages obtained in temperate cu
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Polyculture of freshwater prawnswit
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only increases the availability of
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Using water-stable feeds provides y
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MEASURING FEED EFFICIENCYYou should
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Example of feeding ratefor freshwat
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allowed to become too low and there
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found to be hosts for the bopyrid i
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Figure 81A large BCMacrobrachiumros
Page 143 and 144: 7CHAPTERHarvesting andpost-harvest
Page 145 and 146: FIGURE83You can cull-harvest your p
Page 147 and 148: FIGURE85Larger ponds may also be cu
Page 149 and 150: Figure 91HarvestingMacrobrachiumros
Page 151 and 152: (Figure 95). To kill a batch of 50
Page 153 and 154: described earlier in this manual) a
Page 155 and 156: Once the prawns arrive at the point
Page 157 and 158: properly. They should also be displ
Page 159 and 160: ANNEX 1, Figures 1-12Macrobrachium
Page 161 and 162: 4ANNEXSource, hatching andenrichmen
Page 163 and 164: The nutritional quality and physica
Page 165 and 166: decapsulation improves the energy c
Page 167 and 168: starved versus enriched BSN. Lavens
Page 169 and 170: 1ANNEX 4TABLEDetermining hatching p
Page 171 and 172: 4ANNEX 4TABLE Hydrating and decapsu
Page 173 and 174: 7ANNEX 4TABLE1. Set up the hatching
Page 175 and 176: grades the particles and washes the
Page 177 and 178: 2. Stock estimation when postlarvae
Page 179 and 180: animal, particularly within the gil
Page 181 and 182: ANNEX 7 FIGURE1The size of the mesh
Page 183 and 184: 8ANNEXSize managementAS MENTIONED I
Page 185 and 186: 2. BehaviourThe behavioural charact
Page 187 and 188: ANNEX 8 FIGURE3Changing the stockin
Page 189 and 190: ANNEX 8 FIGURE4Orange claw (OC) and
Page 191 and 192: 9ANNEXFarm-made pond feedsTHIS ANNE
Page 193: ANNEX 9, Figure 3Farm-made feedsnee
Page 197 and 198: which the requirements are applied.
Page 199 and 200: Carapace:Caridean:Cephalon:Chela:Ch
Page 201 and 202: Genital pores:Gill chamber:Greenwat
Page 203 and 204: Puddling:Rostrum:Salinity:Sequester
Page 205 and 206: ConversionsTHIS SECTION OF THE ANNE
Page 207 and 208: Financial considerationsSOME COMMEN
Page 209 and 210: ReferencesAlston, D.E. & Sampaio, C
Page 211 and 212: Fujimura, T. & Okamoto, H. 1972. No
Page 213 and 214: New, M.B., Singholka, S. & Vorasaya
Page 215: This new manual, which replaces an
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Farming freshwater prawns

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