Farming freshwater prawns

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Farming freshwater prawnsA manual for the culture of the giant riverprawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)FAOFISHERIESTECHNICALPAPER428byMichael B. NewMarlow, United KingdomFOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONSRome, 2002
The designations employed and the presentation of material in thisinformation product do not imply the expression of any opinionwhatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organizationof the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country,territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning thedelimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.The mention of specific companies, their products or brand names does notimply any endorsement by the Food and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations.ISBN 92-5-104811-8All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in thisinformation product for educational or other non-commercial purposes areauthorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holdersprovided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in thisinformation product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited withoutwritten permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permissionshould be addressed to the Chief, Publishing Management Service, InformationDivision, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy or by e-mailto copyright@fao.org© FAO 2002
Page 1: Farming freshwater prawnsA manual f
Page 5 and 6: abstractTHE ORIGINAL MANUAL on fres
Page 7 and 8: table of contentsABSTRACTPREFACEINT
Page 9 and 10: Feed type 114Measuring feed efficie
Page 11 and 12: 17. Measuring soil pH 10618. Reason
Page 13 and 14: 87. Keeping market-sized prawns ali
Page 15 and 16: major subject of cultivation becaus
Page 17 and 18: has little relevance, especially be
Page 19 and 20: (zoeae) are just under 2 mm long (f
Page 21 and 22: TABLE1Body segments (somites) in Ma
Page 23 and 24: Figure 5The major malemorphotypes o
Page 25 and 26: tions, where a breeding stock of bo
Page 27 and 28: most hatcheries operated on flow-th
Page 29 and 30: BOX 1Removal of iron and manganeseW
Page 31 and 32: TABLE 3Artificial brackishwater (12
Page 33 and 34: TABLE 4Diluting seawater and brine
Page 35 and 36: mentally cultured at up to 10 ppt;
Page 37 and 38: cal quality and its lack of predato
Page 39 and 40: CHOOSING YOUR SITE: SOIL CHARACTERI
Page 41 and 42: such as fertilizers and equipment.
Page 43 and 44: perate (usually originating from st
Page 45 and 46: 3.2 Holding your broodstock in temp
Page 47 and 48: ing system that consists of a 300 L
Page 49 and 50: 4CHAPTERHatchery phaseALL FRESHWATE
Page 51 and 52: SOURCE: HASSANAI KONGKEOand dust. T
Page 53 and 54:
FIGURE17This shows the water flow t
Page 55 and 56:
Figure 21The water inthese larvalta
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FIGURE24Turn-down drains are the be
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FIGURE26Installing a ring main air
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Figure 28Power supplies arenot alwa
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Water dischargeYou should take care
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is recommended. The volume of these
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then multiply to cope with the nitr
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Regular monitoringof larval waterqu
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initial stocking rates shown inBox
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Recommendations forgood larval wate
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FIGURE35Many of the larvae that go
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TABLE 8Hatchery feeding scheduleLAR
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ing to avoid BSN leaving the tank.
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TABLE10The major diseases known to
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Notes on potential disease problems
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FIGURE36aA method of evaluating the
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occurred). You are therefore recomm
Page 89 and 90:
5CHAPTERPostlarval holdingand nurse
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Figure 39Substrates can beused in n
Page 93 and 94:
FIGURE41Postlarvae in plastic bags
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pH and temperature of the rearing f
Page 97 and 98:
It is difficult to recommend exact
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6CHAPTERGrow-out phaseFRESHWATER PR
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FIGURE44ponds may become low enough
Page 103 and 104:
FIGURE46Pond banks should have the
Page 105 and 106:
FIGURE50The dissolved oxygen levels
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Figure 53Where thetopography of the
Page 109 and 110:
Figure 56The outletstructure,someti
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Figure 58This freshwaterprawn pondh
Page 113 and 114:
FIGURE59 cont.CROSS SECTIONSOURCE:
Page 115 and 116:
Figure 64Long-shaftaeratorin action
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there is only a single stocking), t
Page 119 and 120:
TABLE16Lime requirements for treati
Page 121 and 122:
semi-intensive stocking rates vary
Page 123 and 124:
Keeping rootedplants out ofyour pon
Page 125 and 126:
advantages obtained in temperate cu
Page 127 and 128:
Polyculture of freshwater prawnswit
Page 129 and 130:
only increases the availability of
Page 131 and 132:
Using water-stable feeds provides y
Page 133 and 134:
MEASURING FEED EFFICIENCYYou should
Page 135 and 136:
Example of feeding ratefor freshwat
Page 137 and 138:
allowed to become too low and there
Page 139 and 140:
found to be hosts for the bopyrid i
Page 141 and 142:
Figure 81A large BCMacrobrachiumros
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7CHAPTERHarvesting andpost-harvest
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FIGURE83You can cull-harvest your p
Page 147 and 148:
FIGURE85Larger ponds may also be cu
Page 149 and 150:
Figure 91HarvestingMacrobrachiumros
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(Figure 95). To kill a batch of 50
Page 153 and 154:
described earlier in this manual) a
Page 155 and 156:
Once the prawns arrive at the point
Page 157 and 158:
properly. They should also be displ
Page 159 and 160:
ANNEX 1, Figures 1-12Macrobrachium
Page 161 and 162:
4ANNEXSource, hatching andenrichmen
Page 163 and 164:
The nutritional quality and physica
Page 165 and 166:
decapsulation improves the energy c
Page 167 and 168:
starved versus enriched BSN. Lavens
Page 169 and 170:
1ANNEX 4TABLEDetermining hatching p
Page 171 and 172:
4ANNEX 4TABLE Hydrating and decapsu
Page 173 and 174:
7ANNEX 4TABLE1. Set up the hatching
Page 175 and 176:
grades the particles and washes the
Page 177 and 178:
2. Stock estimation when postlarvae
Page 179 and 180:
animal, particularly within the gil
Page 181 and 182:
ANNEX 7 FIGURE1The size of the mesh
Page 183 and 184:
8ANNEXSize managementAS MENTIONED I
Page 185 and 186:
2. BehaviourThe behavioural charact
Page 187 and 188:
ANNEX 8 FIGURE3Changing the stockin
Page 189 and 190:
ANNEX 8 FIGURE4Orange claw (OC) and
Page 191 and 192:
9ANNEXFarm-made pond feedsTHIS ANNE
Page 193 and 194:
ANNEX 9, Figure 3Farm-made feedsnee
Page 195 and 196:
4ANNEX 9TABLEFarm-made grow-outfeed
Page 197 and 198:
which the requirements are applied.
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Carapace:Caridean:Cephalon:Chela:Ch
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Genital pores:Gill chamber:Greenwat
Page 203 and 204:
Puddling:Rostrum:Salinity:Sequester
Page 205 and 206:
ConversionsTHIS SECTION OF THE ANNE
Page 207 and 208:
Financial considerationsSOME COMMEN
Page 209 and 210:
ReferencesAlston, D.E. & Sampaio, C
Page 211 and 212:
Fujimura, T. & Okamoto, H. 1972. No
Page 213 and 214:
New, M.B., Singholka, S. & Vorasaya
Page 215:
This new manual, which replaces an
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