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& Friends - Anthroposophical Society in America

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Bronk puts Kant squarely with<strong>in</strong> the Romantic camp, andsays it was from Kant that the poets learned that we “half-create”the world we see and experience, and that what we understandof the world is always partial. The Romantics’ fondnessfor fragments and aphorisms reflects this view, s<strong>in</strong>ce the formsthemselves suggest an <strong>in</strong>completeness of thought and the sensethat “we see by glimpses.” This is one area <strong>in</strong> which anthroposophicalreaders might disagree with Bronk’s assessment ofRomantic thought, i.e., that they believe “what exists is bruteand nameless” (262), and that the human m<strong>in</strong>d orders thatchaos accord<strong>in</strong>g to its own necessities, for example, through thefilters of time and space. Bronk doesn’t highlight the ways manyRomantics differed from Kant, i.e., <strong>in</strong> believ<strong>in</strong>g that reality is <strong>in</strong>fact knowable on its own terms, but demands a spiritual tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>gon the part of the observer to meet the challenge of participat<strong>in</strong>g<strong>in</strong> and th<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g along with world processes. (This is an area<strong>in</strong> which Goethe would have been particularly helpful.) Nevertheless,emphasiz<strong>in</strong>g Romantic skepticism about conventionalattitudes toward perception is salutary. Romanticism’s <strong>in</strong>sistenceon a multifold language moves us <strong>in</strong> a fruitful direction.The first part of the book offers a fasc<strong>in</strong>at<strong>in</strong>g history of challengesto standard economics not only from Romantic th<strong>in</strong>kersbut from some of its purported champions, chiefly Adam Smithand John Stuart Mill. Their th<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g was much less discipl<strong>in</strong>eboundand much more open to other approaches than we tendto assume. Similarly, he draws on economists whose th<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>gresonates with the Romantics, notably Alfred Marshall, GeorgeShackle, and recent economists who are employ<strong>in</strong>g ideas fromcomplexity theory. These th<strong>in</strong>kers flesh out a context that supportsthe Romantic critique and bolsters it.As a Romantic scholar, I was gratified to see these th<strong>in</strong>kersvalued as they themselves hoped to be, as hav<strong>in</strong>g contributionsto make not only about <strong>in</strong>dividual experience, but alsoabout how we relate to and see ourselves with<strong>in</strong> society. Bronk’swrit<strong>in</strong>g is clear and accessible; he holds himself to the Wordsworthianstandard he wishes economists would follow of be<strong>in</strong>gunderstandable to a broad audience.However practical Bronk makes the Romantics sound, atheart what he and they offer is an ethics: the ideal of develop<strong>in</strong>gflexible th<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g, of us<strong>in</strong>g the imag<strong>in</strong>ation and feel<strong>in</strong>g as themeans of empathiz<strong>in</strong>g with perspectives very different fromour own. Globalization, undertaken Romantically, would lookvery different from any models currently under consideration; itwould appreciate difference and not regard other ways of be<strong>in</strong>gas un<strong>in</strong>telligible or primitive.Anthroposophists may f<strong>in</strong>ish the book wish<strong>in</strong>g that Bronkhad gone even further <strong>in</strong> envision<strong>in</strong>g different ways of structur<strong>in</strong>geconomies, but he has made an excellent start at th<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>gabout how to reorient how we consider embedd<strong>in</strong>g economicswith<strong>in</strong> larger philosophical social and political contexts,and he proceeds so cogently and reasonably that he may lullsome people <strong>in</strong>to not notic<strong>in</strong>g that he is actually advocat<strong>in</strong>g afull-scale reevaluation of the way we approach the economicsphere. Readers who are conv<strong>in</strong>ced of the helpfulness of hisideas will have come a long way toward read<strong>in</strong>ess to enterta<strong>in</strong>the more radical ways of do<strong>in</strong>g bus<strong>in</strong>ess that Ste<strong>in</strong>er’s ThreefoldSocial Order advocates.New Books on Curative Education, cont<strong>in</strong>ued from page 10.can see Rudolf Ste<strong>in</strong>er’s deep respect for the develop<strong>in</strong>g child,especially one with a heavy karmic burden to carry.Follow<strong>in</strong>g Ste<strong>in</strong>er’s lectures, children from Ita Wegman’s Cl<strong>in</strong>icalTherapeutic Institute (both from Arlesheim and the Lauenste<strong>in</strong>)were brought <strong>in</strong>to the room and Rudolf Ste<strong>in</strong>er spoke withand about them. Ste<strong>in</strong>er had a life-long connection to childrenwith developmental challenges, as his brother Gustav, born<strong>in</strong> 1866, was both deaf and mute, and persons with all sorts ofspecial needs appeared at the tra<strong>in</strong> stations his father managed.This book takes us <strong>in</strong>to the lives of eighteen such children thatSte<strong>in</strong>er was <strong>in</strong>timately acqua<strong>in</strong>ted with, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g the sixteenwho were a part of the curative course <strong>in</strong> 1924.Uhlenhof devotes a chapter to each child describ<strong>in</strong>g his orher encounter with Rudolf Ste<strong>in</strong>er, Ste<strong>in</strong>er’s words about thechild, and the reactions of his audience. He also <strong>in</strong>cludes lifeportraits of the children—some very short (two died <strong>in</strong> 1925)and some quite long (1996!). He also presents, when possible,personal accounts by these children as adults, and some rem<strong>in</strong>iscencesby their family members and friends, of this encounterwith Rudolf Ste<strong>in</strong>er and its significance <strong>in</strong> their lives. This isthe most fasc<strong>in</strong>at<strong>in</strong>g study I have seen of Rudolf Ste<strong>in</strong>er’s impacton <strong>in</strong>dividual dest<strong>in</strong>ies, and it is presented <strong>in</strong> a most readableform, complete with photographs spann<strong>in</strong>g the subjects’ lifestages. This book weaves the content of the curative course, aportrait of Rudolf Ste<strong>in</strong>er as a teacher and healer, and the personalaccounts of the children and their families <strong>in</strong>to a cogentand absorb<strong>in</strong>g work.••Fall-W<strong>in</strong>ter 200951

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