Urban Transport - India Environment Portal

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ForewordThe People’s Republic of China (PRC) has experienced rapid economic growthfor the past 30 years, averaging more than 9% annually since 1978 and 10.5%annually from 2001 to 2010.Economic growth has brought rapid urbanization. Around 300 million to 400 millionpeople migrated from the countryside to the cities in a single generation. The PRC’s urbanpopulation accounted for 26% of the national population in 1990 and has reached 50%by the end of 2010. Urban areas now contribute 80% of the gross domestic product.The emergence of suburban areas that have sprawled around many cities due tomigration has made it more difficult for people to rely on biking and walking as meansof transportation. As per capita incomes have risen, there has been a continuing shifttoward using private vehicles for urban transport. The number of registered vehiclesincreased from about 1 million in the early 1990s to nearly 61 million in 2010. Between2001 and 2010, the number of registered private vehicles increased at an average annualrate of 25%.While the rapidly increasing number of vehicles can be seen as a sign of a flourishingeconomy, it nevertheless brings to the fore a number of associated problems. Theseinclude traffic congestion, deterioration in the quality of service and efficiency of bothprivate and public transport, road accidents, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions.This study on urban transport strategy examines how to develop a more sustainableurban transport system in the PRC, taking into account the quality of user services,the environment, and energy and land use. The study is part of the Asian DevelopmentBank’s initiative to support greener and more sustainable transport that aims to providesociety with a transport system that will leave a smaller physical footprint, use lessenergy, and produce less carbon dioxide and other harmful pollutants. Careful planningand relevant design are key elements in achieving this.Klaus GerhaeusserDirector GeneralEast Asia DepartmentAsian Development Bankv
AcknowledgmentsThis study, PRC: Urban Transport Strategy to Combat Climate Change, wasfinanced by the Clean Energy Financing Partnership Facility/Climate ChangeFund of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The fund aims to facilitateincreased investment in developing member countries to effectively address the causesand consequences of climate change.The study was managed by Toshiyuki Yokota and prepared by a team of consultantscomprising Stein Hansen, Yulin Jiang, Su Song, and Hongyang Wu. Other ADB staffmembers who contributed to the finalization of the study included Gloria Gerilla-Teknomo, Steve Lewis-Workman, and Sharad Saxena.We would like to express our gratitude to the Ministry of Transport of the People’sRepublic of China for its advice and guidance as well as for the provision of data andinformation, including valuable contributions from Cai Yuhe, Liu Zhanshan, andXia Hong.Tyrrell DuncanDirector, East Asia Transport and Communications Divisionand Practice Leader (Transport)East Asia DepartmentAsian Development Bankvi
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Urban Transport - India Environment Portal

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