Landscape Evolution at an Active Plate Margin - Biological Science ...

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6 2009 Desert Symposium
Landscape evolution at an active plate margin: a field trip to the Owens Valley David R. Jessey, Geological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic University—Pomona, drjessey@ csupomona.edu; and Robert E. Reynolds, LSA Associates, Inc., Riverside CA 92507, bob.reynolds@lsaassoc.com Day 1 Theme: Viscous volcanics and associated tectonic structures with contributions from D. R. Jessey, R. E. Reynolds, Kim Bishop, Janet Westbrook, and Tom Schweich Start Day 1 Convene at Zzyzx. Wear sturdy shoes and dress in layers; bring water, hat, and sunscreen. On the night before the trip, fill your vehicle with gas and check fluids and tire pressure. Drive north from the Desert Study Center to I-15. ENTER I-15 WESTBOUND toward Barstow. Proceed through Barstow. EXIT RIGHT on SR-58 toward Mojave/Bakersfield. What We Will See: Our 300 mile route will cross the Mojave Desert Province and enter the southwestern Basin and Range Province. In the southern Owens Valley portion of the Basin and Range Province we inspect basalt flows that range in age from middle Miocene to mid Holocene time. Their flow on older surfaces helps describe tectonic activity and local landscape topography. The geomorphic features in Owens Valley are those of an active plate boundary between the North American continental plate to the east and the evolving Sierra microplate to the west. The Mojave Desert geomorphic province is a wedgeshaped area between the San Andreas and Garlock faults, eastward to southern Nevada and northwestern Arizona. Biological boundaries are not as distinct as those for the fault-bounded geologic province; many Mojave species extend northward into the Basin and Range province. Joshua trees (Yucca brevifolia) do not occur naturally outside the Mojave biologic province, and we will pass them as far north as Olancha. Creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) is the most common low-elevation shrub in the Mojave; the long-lived plant is closely associated with burro bush (Ambrosia dumosa). Bunch grasses are recovering from heavy grazing pressure of the 1850s–1980s. Spring rains can 2009 Desert Symposium turn the western Mojave into a solid sea of colorful annuals (yellow desert dandelion, gold coreopsis, blue lupine, and red paintbrush). Look for kestrals, falcons, hawks, and eagles on power line towers (Darlington, 1996; Schoenherr, 1995). The flat surface of Mojave Desert hides thick, buried fossil soil horizons called “paleosols” (Ponti, 1985) that contain the remains of mastodon, camel, horse, elk, and antelope as well as smaller fossils such as cotton rat and ancestral wood rat. The rodents suggest the middle to late Irvingtonian North American Land Mammal Age (NALMA) of the Pleistocene (0.8–1.5 Ma; Reynolds, 1989, 1991) for paleosols of the Mojave west of Barstow. Late Pleistocene faunas (Rancholabrean NALMA, < 200 ka) are reported from interfingering dune–lake sediments around Rogers and Rosamond lakes (Reynolds and Reynolds, 1991). Bison, the Rancholabrean NALMA indicator fossil, has recently been reported from the Rosamond Lake area (Buena Vista Museum Natural History collections). 0.0 (0.0) Kramer Junction. Intersection of CA Hwy 58 and US Hwy 395. Fill gas tanks. TURN RIGHT (north) on Hwy 395. 1.5 (1.5) View left (west) of FPL Energy. The Kramer Junction Company is the managing general partner for the five 30-megawatt solar electric generating facilities just north of Kramer Junction. The plants normally operate on solar power. However, on cloudy days or early evenings an auxiliary natural gas-fired heater is available to keep the oil warm to supplement the solar power. The Kramer Junction project has a 30 year contract to provide energy to Southern California Edison. The solar generators provide the major portion (over 80%) of their output during periods of peak demand, particularly on hot afternoons. 6.2 (4.7) View left (west) of the Boron Federal Prison Camp, site of the old Boron Air Station. This prison, closed in 2000, was a minimum security camp that housed 540 male inmates. The domed structure at the hilltop remains in use by the Air Force and the FAA. 7
Page 1 and 2: Landscape Evolution at an Active Pl
Page 3 and 4: Table of contents Landscape evoluti
Page 5: Evaluation of minor and trace eleme
Page 9 and 10: 25.3 (0.2) Continue past Osdick Rd.
Page 11 and 12: and Wesnousky, 1994). Reported rate
Page 13 and 14: into six units which range in age f
Page 15 and 16: Nevada & California railroad were u
Page 17 and 18: een built to meet the growing deman
Page 19 and 20: Figure 1-10. Offset drainages of Lo
Page 21 and 22: tary and metavolcanic units are lar
Page 23 and 24: Landscape evolutuion at an active p
Page 25 and 26: the Independence fault is dip-slip,
Page 27 and 28: Figure 1-18. Upper—view to the no
Page 29 and 30: 2009 Desert Symposium Landscape evo
Page 31 and 32: eruption of the Long Valley caldera
Page 33 and 34: Figure 2-2. Collapsed aqueduct pipe
Page 35 and 36: 63.7 (0.4) PARK at turnout. STOP 2-
Page 37 and 38: Sierra Nevada fault system has offs
Page 39 and 40: Landscape evolutuion at an active p
Page 41 and 42: (Cleveland, 1962). The rhyolite has
Page 43 and 44: ahead on the left. 95.6 (1.2) Stop
Page 45 and 46: ay. The big 40m dish is now used by
Page 47 and 48: cupied in 1865, and finally abandon
Page 49 and 50: Figure 3-6. Independence dikes. [S.
Page 51 and 52: which has significant concentration
Page 53 and 54: The Pliocene (Blancan NALMA) Coso F
Page 55 and 56: Current Research in the Pleistocene
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Quaternary data and references: A c
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and volume, p. 26-35. Smith, G. I.,
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Stolzite and jixianite from Darwin,
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(112) (Palache, et al., 1951). The
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ing gold and silver deposits. From
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the United States. Several small de
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at the base of the Lost Burro were
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silver-lead ore and is the one exce
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Significance of the Independence Di
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Independence Dike Swarm Figure 2: C
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40 km of displacement was too low.
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dominant northwest strike. Dikes wi
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Moore, J.G., 1963, Geology of the M
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summarizes the formations you will
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The Perdido Formation conformably r
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note the spheroidal weathering patt
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Lower Cambrian-Precambrian stratigr
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lus. Six to ten species of echinode
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The Olancha Dunes, Owens Valley, Ca
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Triassic ammonoids from Union Wash,
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Archaeocyathids from Westgard Pass,
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Basaltic volcanism in the southern
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Basaltic volcanism in the southern
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oxene, whereas Pleistocene basalt i
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in much slower rates of displacemen
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Vegetation of the Owens Valley and
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cone and limber pine woodlands and
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Figure 21. The alpine zone of the W
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The rush from the Kern River mines
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The rush from the Kern River mnes i
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2009 Desert Symposium The rush from
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mining company; and A. K. Warner an
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chinery and the castings for a smel
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Advertisement for the Hobard and Re
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November 1864, a series of lines be
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When the geologist W. A. Goodyear v
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Montgomery City Alan Hensher, 593 C
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The Blue Chert Mine: an epithermal
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2009 Desert Symposium The Blue Cher
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2009 Desert Symposium The Blue Cher
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Tectonic implications of basaltic v
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The Goler Club Figure 2. Outcrop ma
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closest relatives were early Paleoc
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The Goler Club Figure 8. Goler Club
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prospecting, Baum wandered over to
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ejonian age (Thewissen 1990; Lofgre
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Fish Creek rhythmites and aperiodic
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We analyzed each of the three rhyth
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Figure 10. Threshold rhythmite prod
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Holocene slip rate and tectonic rol
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Figure 2. Camelops sp. (camel) meta
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moist, brush- and grass-covered, fr
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Recent records of fossil fish from
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geal arches are similar to S. b. sn
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elatives seen in Pliocene and early
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Jennings, C.W. 1958, Geologic map o
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Competing mesquite and creosote dun
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Figure 9. Sheetwash area near the w
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The Oak Crrek mudflow of July 12, 2
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Photo 8. Deeply incised channel of
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than the north fork because of the
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mass contents of Gram negatives (sa
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to different uses. I do not suggest
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Geochronology and paleoenvironment
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Reproductive ecology of female Sono
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Garbage production is the other sid
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ties and preparation for use of som
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