an orthotropic continuum model for the analysis of masonry structures

50 1995 TNO-95-NM-R0712The performance of the model is given in Table A.2 to Table A.4. Quadratic convergence is indeedfound at local and global level.Table A.2 - Number of local iterations per global iteration for uniaxial tensionPlastic steps Av erage Maximum100 3.24 410 4.24 5A.1.2 General pathTable A.3 - Number of global iterations for uniaxial tensionPlastic steps Av erage Maximum100 2.08 310 2.40 3Table A.4 - Convergence for selected steps (uniaxial tension)100 plastic steps10 plastic stepsPlastic step1Force norm0. 453 × 10 00. 370 × 10 −30. 270 × 10 −8Plastic step1Force norm0. 371 × 10 00. 310 × 10 −30. 876 × 10 −8501000. 930 × 10 −40. 564 × 10 −110. 219 × 10 −40. 537 × 10 −135100. 406 × 10 −30. 703 × 10 −80. 853 × 10 −40. 886 × 10 −10The general path shown in Fig. A.3 is now considered. The response in terms of a forcedisplacementdiagram is given in Fig. A.4.0.51F, d1.5yxσ y = -1.0MPaF [MN]1.00.5Fig. A.3 - General test0.00.0 2.0 4.0 6.0-4d [10 mm]Fig. A.4 - Force-displacement response for general testThe performance of the model until peak (thicker line in Fig. A.4) is given in Table A.5 to TableA.7. After this point two integration points reach the apex and the apex algorithm is used. This caseis analysed independently in the next section. Note that quadratic convergence is indeed found.