Using EU Indicators of Immigrant Integration - European ...

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Proposal: An incremental approach to using integration indicatorsWork in Progress:Maintain the baselineImproved annual publicationof EU indicators.What: Indicator results on Eurostatwebsite & basic descriptive analysisin a ‘Statistics in Focus’ reportHow: Eurostat updates theresults. Commission & MemberStates consideration of additionalindicators; NSIs improvedata availability and qualitywhen possible (see Part IIAssessment)Existing resources: Eurostat& NSIs on-going work to mainstreammigrants in statistics,boost migrant samples,& develop ad hoc modulesfor surveysSecond option:Build on the baselineThird option: EvidencebasedpolicymakingMultivariate & longitudinalanalysisWhat: Analysis determines whichcontextual factors have most/leastinfluence on integration outcomesHow: Research analyses therelationship between EU integrationindicators and three setsof factors (differences in theimmigrant populations, generalpolicies & contexts, immigration& integration policies). Longitudinaldata can also be analysedwhere possible.Existing resources: Existinginternational datasets on thesecontextual factors, nationallongitudinal datasets, nationalmultivariate analysisUnderstanding the contextof integration (statisticians,researchers)Multiannual ‘integration report’based on indicatorsWhat: In-depth descriptive analysisof the integration situation& different national contextsHow: Data disaggregated forspecific groups, monitored overtime, & compared betweenimmigrants & non-immigrantswith same demographic characteristics(i.e. comparing ‘like withlike’ through statistical controls).Report can also include ad hocthematic chapters.Existing resources: Examplesinclude 2011 Eurostat ‘StatisticalPortrait’, 2012 OECD ‘SettlingIn’, as well as national and localreportsEvaluating the resultsof policies (researchers)Compare data on policiesand outcomesWhat: Analysis of the complexrelationships between integrationpolicies & outcomesHow: Define policies in terms ofintended outcomes on integrationindicators; conduct bivariateanalysis & mutual learningabout how policies influenceoutcomes and/or how outcomesare influencing policiesExisting resources: Up-to-date& comparable summaries ofpolicies through EU-fundedresearch, EMN, & EWSIGather contextual dataon who benefits from policiesWhat: In-depth descriptiveanalysis of the implementationof policies in the four indicatorareasHow: Gather and share statisticson policy implementation, the potentialand current beneficiariesExisting resources: Administrativeand official statistics, EUfundedresearch, EMN, & EWSIEconometric causalevaluations of policy impactWhat: Assesses prospective orretrospective impact of specificnational policies on integrationoutcomesHow: Evaluation studies done atnational level, sub-national level,or between countries, dependingon the availability of data.The Commission could provide areview of such studies, exchangeon methods, & quality standardsExisting resources: Examples ofcausal evaluations in EU and traditionalcountries of immigration.Using targets to improve& mainstream integration(policy actors)Keep integration indicatorsrelevant for EU targetsWhat: Europe 2020 targets arebasis for integration indicators& thus can now be monitoredfor immigrantsHow: EU integration indicatorscan be changed to reflectchanges in Europe 2020 targetsand statisticsExisting resources: Coordinationamong DGs & EurostatCalculate how integrationimproves EU targetsWhat: Calculations identify areas& countries where immigrantsare a major target group forgeneral policiesHow: Statisticians calculate how‘closing the gap’ for immigrantshelps EU countries meet theirtargets for smart, sustainable,and inclusive growth.Existing resources: EU OMCs& EurostatSet specific national goals& targets for integrationWhat: Member States assessindicator results & set their ownspecific national goals & voluntarytargetsHow: Results assessed basedon best available multivariateanalysis & policy impact evaluations;Member States learn fromcountries using targetsExisting resources: EU OMCs,cooperation structures betweenrelevant ministries, and withcivil society10
Chapter 1:Background on a pilotproject to developand use Europeanintegration indicatorsIndicators have gradually gained importance inEU debates on general socio-economic participationand later on immigrant integration. TheCommon Basic Principles for immigrant integrationpolicy in the EU, adopted by the Justice andHome Affairs Council on 19 November 2004 1 ,stated among other things that developing cleargoals, indicators and evaluation mechanisms arenecessary to adjust policy, evaluate progress onintegration and to make the exchange of informationmore effective.In 2009, a German government conference in Berlinsurveyed national experiences in monitoringintegration and integration policy, and the SwedishPresidency Malmö Conference Conclusions 2defined a list of core areas and indicators, whichare based on the Common Basic Principles and EUindicators in the EU2020 Strategy 3 , covering fourcore areas of integration: employment, education,social inclusion, and active citizenship. In eacharea, Member States identified an initial set of afew core indicators that are simple to understand,easy to communicate, comparable over time andfor which a certain outcome is desirable. The selectionof indicators was based on the availabilityand quality of comparable data. In total, 14 coreindicators were proposed together with a few indicatorsto be developed, which Member Statesalso considered important to monitor althoughcomparable data was still lacking.The 2010-2014 Stockholm Programme committedthe European Commission and MemberStates to develop a limited number of core indicatorsabout the results of integration policies.The 2010 Zaragoza meeting 4 of the ministersresponsible for integration agreed on these EUindicators, which were then approved at the Justiceand Home Affairs Council on 3-4 June 2010 5 .The Council also agreed for the Commission tolaunch “a pilot project with a view to the evaluationof integration policies, including examiningthe indicators and analysing the significance ofthe defined indicators taking into account the nationalcontexts, the background of diverse migrantpopulations and different migration andintegration policies of the Member States, andreporting on the availability and quality of thedata from agreed harmonised sources necessaryfor the calculation of these indicators.”Eurostat’s 2011 pilot study 6 addressed the availabilityand quality of data from harmonisedsources for the calculation of the 15 indicators,for which comparable data could be compiled. Italso published a statistical portrait of the firstand second generation 7 .The Commission’s July 2011 European Agenda forthe Integration of Third-Country Nationals 8 seescommon indicators as a way to systematicallymonitor the integration situation and EU2020targets, enhance policy coordination and makerecommendations in dialogue with the MemberStates. The Justice and Affairs Council of 13-14December 2011 also again invited the Commissionto further develop “a monitoring system includingappropriate data collection and analysisto monitor the degree of integration (outcomesof policies) based on agreed common indicators,recognising the principle of subsidiarity”. This hasbeen given a follow-up by this 15-month project,launched by the Commission to analyse the relevanceand results of these indicators, in line withthe aforementioned Council conclusions.(1) http://www.consilium.europa.eu/ueDocs/cms_Data/docs/pressData/en/jha/82745.pdf#zoom=100(2) http://www.se2009.eu/polopoly_fs/1.28600!menu/standard/file/Indicators %20and %20monitoring%20of %20outcome %20of%20integration %20policies.pdf(3) http://www.consilium.europa.eu/ueDocs/cms_Data/docs/pressData/en/ec/113591.pdf(4) http://register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/10/st09/st09248.en10.pdf(5) Council document 9248/10. It should be noted that all Council conclusions stress that “there is currently no unifiedview among Member States on indicators in the area of active citizenship. Member States’ views differ in relationto the different views, goals and regulatory frameworks of integration policies in the respective Member States. Thearea of active citizenships is, however, an important area of development, considering that the participation of immigrantsin the democratic process as active citizens supports their integration and enhances their sense of belonging”.(6) http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-RA-11-009/EN/KS-RA-11-009-EN.PDF(7) http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-31-10-539/EN/KS-31-10-539-EN.PDF(8) http://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/news/intro/docs/110720/1_EN_ACT_part1_v10.pdf11
Page 2: Using EU Indicators of Immigrant In
Page 5 and 6: Executive SummaryThis report is bas
Page 7 and 8: 24. Immigrants become citizens and
Page 9: In addition, in some countries and
Page 15 and 16: (education, employment, income, occ
Page 18 and 19: 18Country of origin and language sk
Page 20 and 21: 20Based on the projects’ bivariat
Page 22 and 23: 22tive income of the foreign-born p
Page 24 and 25: 24integration outcomes according to
Page 26 and 27: 3.1The relevance ofEU migrant emplo
Page 28 and 29: an indicator of immigrants’ long-
Page 30 and 31: Indicators of the welcoming society
Page 32 and 33: PART 2: Data assessment 19Chapter 5
Page 34 and 35: EU SILC is an international compara
Page 36 and 37: further the knowledge on issues rel
Page 38 and 39: to compare immigrants across many E
Page 40 and 41: 40Who is missing from statistics?Th
Page 42 and 43: 42of the results. For example, a ne
Page 44 and 45: 44“The function of the indicator
Page 46 and 47: 46tations of the data that can emer
Page 48 and 49: 48A country’s policy may still af
Page 50 and 51: to create general policies that imp
Page 52 and 53: 2. Closing the gap - scenario’ fo
Page 54 and 55: 4. Correlations across all EU migra
Page 56 and 57: 8. Native-born offspring of immigra
Page 58 and 59: 12. Gap in socio-economic position
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16. Female gap in poverty risk rate
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20. Eurostat bivariate correlation
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23. Different elements of national
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Social inclusion AT DK FR DE IE NL
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OECD (2012): Settling in. OECD indi
Page 71 and 72:
Foreigner: (non-nationals) A person
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