Marxism and Problems of Linguistics - From Marx to Mao

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tural co-operation of nations, there will first appear mostenriched unified zonal languages, and subsequently the zonallanguages will merge into a single international language,which, of course, will be neither German, nor Russian, norEnglish, but a new language that has absorbed the bestelements of the national and zonal languages.Consequently, the two different formulas correspond totwo different epochs in the development of society, and preciselybecause they correspond to them, both formulas arecorrect — each for its epoch.To demand that these formulas should not be at variancewith each other, that they should not exclude each other, isjust as absurd as it would be to demand that the epoch ofthe domination of capitalism should not be at variance withthe epoch of the domination of socialism, that socialism andcapitalism should not exclude each other.The textualists and Talmudists regard Marxism andseparate conclusions and formulas of Marxism as a collectionof dogmas, which “never” change, notwithstanding changesin the conditions of the development of society. They believethat if they learn these conclusions and formulas by heart andstart citing them at random, they will be able to solve anyproblem, reckoning that the memorized conclusions and formulaswill serve them for all times and countries, for alloccasions in life. But this can be the conviction only ofpeople who see the letter of Marxism, but not its essence,who learn by rote the texts of conclusions and formulas ofMarxism, but do not understand their meaning.Marxism is the science of the laws governing the developmentof nature and society, the science of the revolution ofthe oppressed and exploited masses, the science of thevictory of socialism in all countries, the science of building52
communist society. As a science, Marxism cannot stand still,it develops and is perfected. In its development, Marxismcannot but be enriched by new experience, new knowledge —consequently some of its formulas and conclusions cannot butchange in the course of time, cannot but be replaced by newformulas and conclusions, corresponding to the new historicaltasks. Marxism does not recognize invariable conclusions andformulas, obligatory for all epochs and periods. Marxism isthe enemy of all dogmatism.July 28, 1950Pravda, August 2, 195053
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J. V. STALINMARXISMAND PROBLEMSOF L
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From Marx to MaoML© Digital Reprin
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First Edition 1972PUBLISHER’S NOT
Page 13: MARXISM AND PROBLEMSOF LINGUISTICS
Page 16 and 17: ase. If the base changes or is elim
Page 18 and 19: sists not in serving one class to t
Page 20 and 21: grammatical system and its basic st
Page 22 and 23: single and common language of a soc
Page 24 and 25: language.” For this reason, stran
Page 26 and 27: geoisie.” 4 Certain comrades conc
Page 28 and 29: aristocracy? How can one possibly d
Page 30 and 31: Reference is further made to Lenin,
Page 32 and 33: The mistake our comrades commit her
Page 34 and 35: is conceivable without it. But the
Page 36: slowly than the basic word stock. W
Page 39 and 40: elements of the new quality, and he
Page 41 and 42: There can be no doubt that the cros
Page 43 and 44: N. Y. Marr’s “disciples” begu
Page 45 and 46: CONCERNING CERTAINPROBLEMS OF LINGU
Page 47 and 48: tion: instruments of production man
Page 49 and 50: itself, which is free of the “nat
Page 51 and 52: Hence, the existence of specific wo
Page 53 and 54: REPLY TO COMRADESTO COMRADE SANZHEY
Page 55 and 56: TO COMRADES D. BELKIN AND S. FURERI
Page 57 and 58: negligible. Properly speaking, this
Page 59 and 60: concluded that a socialist revoluti
Page 61 and 62: plied to all periods of development
Page 63: languages takes place as a struggle
Page 67 and 68: nationalism and separatism in the R
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