Appendix A - Urban Form Analysis: Canberra's Sustainability ...

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Urban Form Analysis - Type A Canberra Example - Reid, Canberra Central REID is located in the inner north of Canberra. This development was established in the 1920s according to Garden City principles, characterised by walkable suburbs where housing is sited within generous open space. Land Use Comparison Land Use Map Built Form v Open Space Reid features a range of different building footprint patterns (white); these patterns are a result of a mix of housing types, including single detached houses, townhouses and apartment blocks. Green Space A generous amount of green space (shown in blue) is created in Reid through a combination of wide street verges and well established green private open space. Building Footprint - 18% Private Open Space - 35% Semi Public Open Space - 7% Road Verge - 24% Road - 15% Public Open Space (parkland) - 1% Private Space v Public Space Private open spaces (blue) exist both as semi private space facing the streets, shared apartment courtyard spaces and fully private individual back yards. Building Height and Road Reserve A variety of single (light grey), low rise (mid greys) and multistorey building heights (black) coexist in Reid. Taller buildings typically address busier street frontages whilst low rise often face on to secondary suburban streets. Typical Garden City suburban housing; low rise detached dwelling surrounded by private open space and wide street verges. SNAPSHOT Suburb Reid ACT Division Canberra Central Area of tile study 14.4 Hectares Residential dwellings 519 Study area population 695 Year of initial development 1920’s Territory Plan zoning RZ1 Suburban, RZ4 Medium Density Residential, Community Facilities, SZ1 Transport COMPACT LAYOUT AND EFFICIENT LAND UTILISATION Performance indicator Unit of measurement Population density 48 residents per ha urban area Gross dwelling density 36 dwellings per ha urban area Net dwelling density 60 dwellings per ha developable land Occupancy rate 1.3 occupants per dwelling Developable land 60% of the urban area Building footprint 18% of the urban area Private open space 35% of the urban area Semi public open space 7% of the urban area Road reserve 39% of the urban area Road 15% of the urban area Verges 24% of the urban area Public open space 1% of the urban area Public and semi-public open space 14 m2 per resident URBAN ECOLOGY, ENERGY AND WATER Performance indicator Unit of measurement Annual residential greenhouse gas emissions 5.4 tonnes CO2 per resident from onsite building operation 7.3 tonnes CO2 per dwelling Annual residential energy use 22 GJ per resident 30 GJ per dwelling residential electricity use 4.8 MWh per resident 6.5 MWh per dwelling residential natural gas use 5 GJ per resident 6 GJ per dwelling Annual commercial energy use 1.4% of overall energy use 3,835 MJ per m2 commercial space Annual residential potable water use 86 kL per resident 116 kL per dwelling Annual commercial potable water use 0.5% of overall potable water use 3.6 kL per m2 commercial space Ratio pervious to impervious open space public and private 1.6 pervious : 1 impervious Green open space 64% of the urban area public 29% of the urban area private 35% of the urban area Tree canopy in the urban area (overall) 36% of the urban area public 15% of the urban area private 21% of the urban area
Urban Form Analysis - Type A Canberra Example - Reid, Canberra Central Cooyong Cooyong Street Street Study Area BRADDON Ainslie Ainslie Avenue Avenue REID DIVERSITY Dwellings and Socio-Demographic Mix Performance indicator Unit of measurement Dwelling types in % of overall dwellings Detached house 4% Semi-detached or terrace 4% Apartment 1-2 storey 3% Apartment 3 storeys 57% Apartment 4 or more storeys 30% Dwelling size in % of overall dwellings 1 Bedroom 19% 2 Bedrooms 60% 3 Bedrooms 17% 4 Bedrooms and more 4% Household composition in % of overall households single 55% couple w/o kids 22% couple with kids 3% single parent 7% groups 11% Population by age cohort in % of overall population 0-19 yrs 12% 20-39 yrs 49% 40-59 yrs 24% 60 yrs and over 15% Tenure type in % of overall dwellings Fully owned 13% Purchased 7% Rented 76% Rent/Buy Scheme 0% Owner occupancy rate 16% of all residents Public and social housing dwellings Low income households 16% of all residential dwellings (gross weekly income less than $650) High income households 9% of all households (gross weekly income of $2,500 or more) 9% of all households CONNECTIVITY Movement and Amenity Performance indicator Unit of measurement Distance from centre of study area to: nearest major public transport node (bus interchange) 1.2 km walking distance nearest rapid bus stop 1.8 km walking distance nearest school 0.5 km walking distance local shop, group or town centre nearest green open space (public or 0.5 km walking distance semi-public) 0.4 km walking distance Canberra city GPO 1.3 km road distance Length of bicycle network per ha 5m Length of pedestrian network per ha 227 m Intersection density 23 intersections per hectare CITY Connectivity The connectivity image above indicates how far can you get from the centre of the study area in a: 5 minute walk 10 minute walk 5 minute cycle Pedestrians and cyclists can follow a choice of routes in and around this urban form, which is characterised by a high quantity of pedestrian pathways. A range of amenities – several educational facilities, open spaces and shops - are situated within walking distance of the Reid study area. The main city transport interchange is over 1km away. SUMMARY High performance BRADDON AINSLIE Ainslie Primary School People per ha Urban Area Land Take per Person (m 2 ) Public Open Space per Person (m 2 ) Road per Person (m 2 ) Reid Preschool Comparative Snapshot Water use per Person (kL) CO2 Emissions per Person (t per year) Low Income Households (%) 400m radius REID 800m radius Campbell High School CAMPBELL • Effi cient land use with a population density of 48 residents per hectare and the lowest land-take per person with 206 m2 including building footprint, open spaces and road corridors. • High degree of green open space (64 per cent of the urban area) with predominantly pervious surfaces for rainwater penetration and more than one third of the urban area covered by tree canopies. • Parks, shops and schools mostly in 5 minutes walking distance with a generous pedestrian network in place. Moderate performance • Moderately high potable water use of 86 kL per resident is driven by the high watering requirements of the private gardens in the suburban blocks of the area. • Diversity is addressed to a limited degree with 90 per cent of the dwellings being apartments with 2 bedrooms and rental tenure for medium income households. The age of the population is moderately balanced with the potential to better target families with children. Low performance Reid Kingston Gungahlin Weston Hannover Freiburg Dockside • Mostly electricity operated apartment buildings with reverse-cycle air conditioning and electric hot water appliances performing badly in terms of carbon emissions (as opposed to gas heating) resulting in 5.4 tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions per resident.
Page 1 and 2: Urban Form Analysis Canberra’s Su
Page 3: Urban Form Analysis Canberra Weston
Page 7 and 8: Urban Form Analysis - Type B Canber
Page 9 and 10: Urban Form Analysis - Type C Canber
Page 11 and 12: Urban Form Analysis - Type D Canber
Page 13 and 14: Urban Form Analysis - Type E Intern
Page 15 and 16: Urban Form Analysis - Type F Intern
Page 17: Urban Form Analysis - Type G Intern

Appendix A - Urban Form Analysis: Canberra's Sustainability ...

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