Appendix A - Urban Form Analysis: Canberra's Sustainability ...

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Urban Form Analysis - Type B Canberra Example - Kingston, Canberra Central KINGSTON is located in the inner south of Canberra. The area was established in the 1920s, with newer development extending to the foreshore of Lake Burley Griffin at the turn of this century. Land Use Comparison Land Use Map Built Form v Open Space Kingston is characterised by a range of building footprint sizes (shown in white), from modest single dwellings through to the larger footprints created by commercial buildings. . Green Space A combination of private and public green space in Kingston produces a distinctive landscape of green spaces, consisting of native and exotic established vegetation. Medium density residential living; Kingston apartments. Building Footprint - 27% Private Open Space - 13% Semi Public Open Space - 3% Road Verge - 22% Road - 33% Public Open Space (parkland) - 2% Private Space v Public Space Private open space (in blue) in Kingston varies in size and layout according to the building type; new apartments share large internal courtyards and older dwellings are set within modest private yards. Building Height and Road Reserve Kingston’s multistorey building heights (mid grey) refl ect the medium density residential and commercial zoning of the area. The new Kingston Foreshore buildings increase in height compared to earlier Kingston developments. SNAPSHOT Suburb Kingston ACT Division Canberra Central Area of tile study 21.8 Hectares Residential dwellings 785 Study area population 1018 Year of initial development 1920’s Territory Plan zoning RZ5 High Density Residential, CZ1 Core zone, CZ2 Business, CZ5 Mixed Use, PRZ1 Urban Open Space, TSZ1 Transport COMPACT LAYOUT AND EFFICIENT LAND UTILISATION Performance indicator Unit of measurement Population density 47 residents per ha urban area Gross dwelling density 36 dwellings per ha urban area Net dwelling density 83 dwellings per ha developable land Occupancy rate 1.3 occupants per dwelling Developable land 43% of the urban area Building footprint 27% of the urban area Private open space 13% of the urban area Semi public open space 3% of the urban area Road reserve 55% of the urban area Road 33% of the urban area Verges 22% of the urban area Public open space 2% of the urban area URBAN ECOLOGY, ENERGY AND WATER Performance indicator Unit of measurement Annual residential greenhouse gas emissions 3.6 tonnes CO2 per resident from onsite building operation 4.7 tonnes CO2 per dwelling Annual residential energy use 14 GJ per resident 18 GJ per dwelling residential electricity use 3.3 MWh per resident 4.3 MWh per dwelling residential natural gas use 2 GJ per resident 3 GJ per dwelling Annual commercial energy use 57% of overall energy use 564 MJ per m2 commercial space Annual residential potable water use 66 kL per resident 129 kL per dwelling Annual commercial potable water use 43% of overall potable water use 1.5kL per m2 commercial space Ratio pervious to impervious open space public and private 1 pervious : 1.7 impervious Green open space 37% of the urban area public 16% of the urban area private 21% of the urban area Tree canopy in the urban area (overall) 20% of the urban area public 9% of the urban area private 11% of the urban area
Urban Form Analysis - Type B Canberra Example - Kingston, Canberra Central TELOPEA PARK Study Area Leichhardt Leichhardt Street Street Giles Giles Street Street KINGSTON Wentworth Wentworth Avenue Avenue Dawes Street DIVERSITY Dwellings and Socio-Demographic Mix Performance indicator Unit of measurement Dwelling types in % of overall dwellings Detached house 1% Semi-detached or terrace 4% Apartment 1-2 storey 23% Apartment 3 storeys 41% Apartment 4 or more storeys 30% Dwelling size in % of overall dwellings 1 Bedroom 12% 2 Bedrooms 73% 3 Bedrooms 15% 4 Bedrooms and more 0% Household composition in % of overall population single 40% couple w/o kids 28% couple with kids 5% single parent 3% groups 21% Population by age cohort in% of each age cohort 0-19 yrs 6% 20-39 yrs 69% 40-59 yrs 19% 60 yrs and over 7% Tenure type in % of overall dwellings Fully owned 9% Purchased 17% Rented 73% Rent/Buy Scheme 0% Owner occupancy rate 18% of all residents Public and social housing dwellings Low income households 1% of all residential dwellings (gross weekly income less than $650) High income households 2% of all households (gross weekly income of $2,500 or more) 50% of all households CONNECTIVITY Movement and Amenity Performance indicator Unit of measurement Distance from centre of study area to: nearest major public transport node (bus interchange) 1.7 km walking distance nearest rapid bus stop 0.2 km walking distance nearest school 1.0 km walking distance local shop, group or town centre nearest green open space (public or 0.1 km walking distance semi-public) 0.5 km walking distance Canberra city GPO 5.6 km road distance Length of bicycle network per ha 1 m Length of pedestrian network per ha 159 m Intersection density 27 intersections per hectare BARTON Connectivity The connectivity image above indicates how far can you get from the centre of the study area in a: 5 minute walk 10 minute walk 5 minute cycle Pedestrians and cyclists can follow a choice of routes in and around this urban form although dedicated cycle paths are limited. Connectivity and proximity to shops and rapid public transport is excellent with walking distances of less than 400m. Access to a selection of educational facilities and open spaces is also good. SUMMARY High performance Telopea Park School GRIFFITH 400m radius KINGSTON St Edmunds College 800m radius St Clares College • Effi cient land use given it is a mixed use area with a population density of 47 residents per hectare and a small land-take per person of 214 m2 including building footprint, open spaces, road corridors and commercial zones. • With 3.6 tonnes per year the lowest CO2 emissions per resident for operating the dwelling. • Lowest potable water use per person (66 kL per year) due to low garden watering requirements. • Shops, parks and rapid bus lines within 5 minutes walking distance and a school within one kilometre walking distance. Moderate performance • Despite higher densities and mixed-use zones a higher proportion of pervious green open spaces than the low-density Gungahlin example. Low performance Comparative Snapshot People per ha Urban Area Land Take per Person (m 2 ) Public Open Space per Person (m 2 ) Road per Person (m 2 ) Water use per Person (kL) CO2 Emissions per Person (t per year) Low Income Households (%) Reid Kingston Gungahlin Weston Hannover Freiburg Dockside • With predominately rented two bedroom apartments there is a lack of diversity in building types, sizes and tenures. • Dwellings mainly caters for high-income single or young couples without children and there is a lack of choice for medium income families with children. • There is no bicycle network in place.
Page 1 and 2: Urban Form Analysis Canberra’s Su
Page 3 and 4: Urban Form Analysis Canberra Weston
Page 5: Urban Form Analysis - Type A Canber
Page 9 and 10: Urban Form Analysis - Type C Canber
Page 11 and 12: Urban Form Analysis - Type D Canber
Page 13 and 14: Urban Form Analysis - Type E Intern
Page 15 and 16: Urban Form Analysis - Type F Intern
Page 17: Urban Form Analysis - Type G Intern

Appendix A - Urban Form Analysis: Canberra's Sustainability ...

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