Di spatches|sudanWhat is this Sudan? If you wereto think <strong>of</strong> Sudan at all, andwestern media were your onlysource, you’d probably think it consistsonly <strong>of</strong> Darfur. Indeed, Darfur is in aworld <strong>of</strong> hurt. As we speak, governmentfinancednomad militia, known as Janjaweed,are terrorizing by murder and rapethe Christian settlers <strong>of</strong> Darfur. Thousandshave died and more are dying.But why has Darfur attracted so muchmore attention than the problems in therest <strong>of</strong> the country? George Clooney andother Hollywood celebrities have takenup Darfur’s cause and given it huge visibility.Rallies around the world attractthe attention <strong>of</strong> governments, pressing theUnited Nations and the African Union todo more. And they should. Sudan’s intransigentpresident, Omar Hassan Ahmadal-Bashir, has become an expert at applyingdelaying tactics – holding up supplieswhile Sudanese people continue to die.There is, however, another sad story inSudan, one equally gripping. We all readand hear the term genocide. It has becomean empty word that no longer conveysemotion. No pamphlets or magazines, nocolourful sound bites, no actors on televisionholding starving children in theirarms can prepare one for the sheer, life-alteringreality <strong>of</strong> a visit to Sudan.This is the story <strong>of</strong> the two Sudans – theNorth and the South – and the reason Ichoose to tell it to you is that I want Canadiansto know that there are other countriesin difficult circumstances where yourmilitary is serving, in addition to the muchfocused-on Afghanistan.Sudan is a country rich in oil, with 83per cent <strong>of</strong> it coming from the south.Cunning China has insinuated itselfinto Sudan, supplying it with everythingfrom manhole covers to belts, watches,clothing and other less benign items. Allthis in exchange for oil, which was a fundamentalfactor in the 25-year genocidalcivil war between north and south, nowtenuously quiet under a United Nationsbrokeredpeace deal reached in 2005.The various ratios and percentages <strong>of</strong>the pr<strong>of</strong>it-from-oil distribution betweennorth, south and local communities in nosmall way contribute to this tenuousness.So you see, this part <strong>of</strong> Sudan is like alayered cake. Add tribalism, nomads killingfarmers, tensions between northernand southern troops and fleeing citizens(known as internally displaced persons)moving from village to village.Into all this, I am dropped.18Flash back to innocent and insularlittle Victoria, B.C. Here lives <strong>Jim</strong>Parker, former prep school physicaleducation teacher, part-time naval reservistand sometimes writer. He is quite contentwith his West Coast life <strong>of</strong> outdooractivities and part-time military duty.But something is niggling at him. Midlifecrisis? Perhaps. Or maybe somethingmore.He believes that with living a privilegedlife, as we do in Canada, comes aresponsibility and obligation to help othersless fortunate. It turns out that thatlittle niggling feeling is the realization thatsimply writing a cheque to one’s favourite“I especially feel for the little donkies.”charity is too damn easy. On the otherhand, he is not an especially altruistic type<strong>of</strong> fellow.The questions, then, are, how does onegive a real helping hand, and take a bit <strong>of</strong>personal risk out there in the world, whilestill generating income? Answer: Lookto your naval reserve and the rest <strong>of</strong> theCanadian military and see what they aredoing out in the world and what opportunitiesthere are.Most Canadians would have troublecoming up with more than one worldlocation (Afghanistan) where Canada isoperating in some form or other. Try Sudan,Gaza, several places in Europe, Haiti,Sierra Leone, Congo and at sea in thePersian Gulf, the Atlantic and more. So theCanadian military, stretched thinly andunderfunded, is still serving Canada wellall around the world.It so happens that the Canadian Forcesis looking for service members to servein southern Sudan as military observersfor the United Nations on OperationEDITOR’S NOTE: Sudan’s persistentcivil strife since independence fromBritain in 1956 continues as it becamethe first nation whose sitting ruler hasever faced an arrest warrant by theInternational Criminal Court in theHague.In March, the ICC charged thatSudan President Omar Hassan Ahmadal-Bashir directed attacks againstDarfur “murdering, exterminating,raping, torturing and forcibly transferringlarge numbers <strong>of</strong> civilians, andpillaging their property.”The conflict in the western region<strong>of</strong> Darfur has forced two million peoplefrom their homes and has causedas many as 400,000 deaths. Darfur’srich oil deposits have drawn theIslamic government’s attacks on thisprimarily non-Muslim region whereChina’s overpowering presence rangesfrom investment to armaments.Sudan is Africa’s largest countryat 2.5 million square kilometres, witha population <strong>of</strong> nearly 40 million.Besides oil and petroleum products,it exports minerals and agriculturalproducts – 82 per cent <strong>of</strong> these exportsgo to China.Into Sudan, this huge, complexcountry in upheaval – and not justin Darfur – the UN has dispatchedboth peacekeepers and militaryobservers. They remain, though Mr.Bashir responded to the ICC warrantby expelling NGOs that feed, shelterand provide medical care for one millionSudanese.James Parker’s story is a moving,revealing first-hand account by aCanadian who volunteered to serve asa UN military observer, and was sent tocentral Sudan.Safari. With Canada's large – for the Canadianmilitary at least – involvement in Afghanistan,opportunities for reservists, andnon-army ones at that, to serve around theworld now present themselves. Perfect.First, must convince partner Heatherthat this mission is not too dangerous, isan opportunity <strong>of</strong> a lifetime and won’tcause her too much extra work (Wrong.The dog walks alone will double.) Tell herit will get me out <strong>of</strong> her hair and produceextra income to fund renovations. Then,scrape through the fitness and medicaltests and various questionnaires. GraduateSPRING 09 | APR–JUN
24 serving as United NationsMilitary Observers. Our job asUNMOs, known on this missionby the acronym UNMIS(United Nations Mission inSudan) is different frombeing peacekeepers. It is,simply, to interpose ourselvesbetween the armies<strong>of</strong> northern and southernSudan. We are unbiased, neutralobservers and essentially wereport what we see up the chainto various headquarters <strong>of</strong> theUN. This could be infractions <strong>of</strong>the comprehensive peace agreementas signed by both sides inthe UN-brokered peace agreement.It could be security assessments <strong>of</strong>villages in our zones that are havingproblems with nomads or soldiers.The Canadian team, two <strong>of</strong> whom arereservists, receive another two-and-a-halfweeks <strong>of</strong> training at UN headquartersin Khartoum. Much <strong>of</strong> the curriculumwe’ve already done at the peace supporttraining centre at CFB Kingston. Tryingto stay awake (while gettingover jetlag, acclimating to theheat and being bereft <strong>of</strong> TimHorton’s c<strong>of</strong>fee) is almost impossible.I am to be deployed to<strong>Dilling</strong>, a town in the state <strong>of</strong>South Kord<strong>of</strong>an which is tothe north <strong>of</strong> the artificial demarcationline drawn after thesigning <strong>of</strong> the peace accord.The significance <strong>of</strong> this is thatSouth Kord<strong>of</strong>an is in the northbut allied with the south, makingit a primarily Muslim stateallied with a mostly Christiansouthern Sudan. While most <strong>of</strong>our members are deployed tovarious team sites around thesouth, my Canadian colleague,Lieutenant (Navy) Janan Sutherland, and Iare going to <strong>Dilling</strong>.The town itself has approximately30,000 people and is centred around alarge outdoor market, with stalls, shopsand homes made <strong>of</strong> straw, bits <strong>of</strong> tin, burlap,plastic and rough brick made from thered earth that is everywhere. It all seemsrather temporary with only the mosquesgiving any impression <strong>of</strong> permanence.Our UN camp is on the outskirts andconsists <strong>of</strong> 50-60 metal containers ratherlike sea containers all in nice militaryrows and, fortunately, air-conditioned.Approximately an acre or two in size, sursudan|Dispatchesfrom the military observer course atCFB Kingston and, in typically militaryfashion, wait.Ifind out I am to deploy toKhartoum in April and all thepaperwork and kit accumulationbegins. Piles and piles <strong>of</strong> both.I’ll not recreate the stress <strong>of</strong> fillingout diplomatic paperwork, gatheringesoteric equipment forhot, austere climates, packingand bending over for moreneedles than acupuncturistsgive their sickest patients.Needless to say, Darfurit is true that Canadianmilitary members arriveat their destinations as thebest equipped and trainedin the world. All the aforementionedis done under theauspices <strong>of</strong> the Canadian ExpeditionaryForces Command. This isthe military organization responsiblefor all Canadian Forces activityoutside Canada. (The entity responsiblefor military units in Canada isCANCOM.)My story tries not to be amilitary or political tale. Thefollowing accounts are takenfrom The Dung Beetle Diaries,my journal that I – surprisingly– kept religiously during mytime in Africa. Often rough,emotional and clearly written onthe spur <strong>of</strong> the moment, it is agrunt’s view. I doubt my viewsand experiences are unique. All30 or more <strong>of</strong> my Canadian colleaguesin Sudan would havesimilar stories to tell. My photographsare the same, mostlyrough and unskilled. OccasionallyI capture some unique momentsjust from sheer volume<strong>of</strong> shots. Picture-taking in Sudan is a riskall its own, as it is illegal to take photoswithout a permit.April 26, 2008The landingOfficially known as Lieutenant(Navy) <strong>Jim</strong> Parker, I stand atop theplane’s stairs leading down to thebaking tarmac at Khartoum InternationalAirport and wonder whether to turnaround, get back in the aircraft and returnto Frankfurt. It is hot. The people look anddress differently than they do in VictoriaSUDAN<strong>Dilling</strong>South Kord<strong>of</strong>an2005ComprehensivePeace AgreementlineKhartoumand there is no ocean in sight. What thehell have I gotten myself into? However,with the fortitude and determinationtaught to me by the Canadian Forces andinherent in my character, I wipe the sweatfrom my brow and climb down the stairway.The adventure begins.Operation Safari is Canada’s militaryparticipation in southern Sudan throughthe United Nations and is currently inits fourth year. Like other missions, theRCMP, Canadian International DevelopmentAgency and Foreign Affairs areinvolved on the civilian side. It has approximately34 members with aboutdiplomat and international canada19