Physical activity statistics 2012 - British Heart Foundation

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12 Physical Activity Statistics, 2012Regional, ethnic and socioeconomic differencesRegional variation in adult self-report physical activitylevels is not marked, although there are differences.After accounting for differences in the age-structure ofthe population in each region of England, 44% of menin the South West reported meeting physical activityrecommendations, compared to 33% of men in theNorth East. For women, the highest proportion wasreported in South Central at 34%, while the lowest was25% for women in the East of England (Table 1.6).The Health Survey for England 2008 shows a substantialdifference in physical activity levels in adults byequivalised household income quintile. There werehigher percentages of men and women meeting therecommended levels in the highest income quintilecompared to the lowest. Differences between highestand lowest quintiles was greater for men (42% comparedto 31%) than for women (34% compared to 26%) (Table1.7, Figure 1.7). Compared with the general population in2004, Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Chinese men andwomen living in England were less likely to meet physicalactivity recommendations. Of the men, Bangladeshiand Pakistani men had the lowest prevalence ofmeeting physical activity recommendations (26% and28%). This pattern was also true of women from thesegroups, at 11% and 14% respectively. Irish men andBlack Caribbean women had the highest prevalence ofmeeting the recommendations compared to any otherethnic groups living in England (Table 1.8, Figure 1.8).Comparing self-report and objective activity levelsWhile self-report is the most commonly used methodto measure physical activity, this has the potential toinaccurately measure physical activity prevalence 7 .Its advantages are that it is easy to collect data froma large number of people at low cost; however socialdesirability may lead to over-reporting of physicalactivity. Certain sections of the population such as theelderly and children may have difficultly accuratelyrecalling their activities, and it is also possible that therespondent may have a different understanding ofwhat ‘moderate intensity’ or ‘exercise’ actually means.In 2008, the Health Survey for England measuredphysical activity using self-report methods, as well asaccelerometers, which are an objective measure of aperson’s activity. Accelerometers measure frequency,intensity and duration of physical activity, but are notwaterproof and may not accurately record activities suchas cycling or rowing. People were asked to wear theaccelerometers while awake for seven consecutive days,but to take them off when swimming or showering. Dueto issues of consent, eligibility, compliance and faultswith the devices only 49% of men and 46% of womenfrom the 4,507 adults selected to wear accelerometersprovided sufficient data to be included in the analysesof daily average wear. Of the 1,707 children aged 4to 15 selected 43% of boys and 47% of girls providedsufficient data 8 . For children, whereas self-reporteddata covered sedentary behaviour in leisure timeexcluding time at school, those participants sampledto wear accelerometers were encouraged to wear themat all times including at school. This may account forsome differences between self-reported and objectivedata for these age groups. 8 When the prevalence ofmen and women meeting the recommended levels ofphysical activity are compared using self-report andaccelerometry data, large differences are apparent.Thirty nine percent of men and 29% of women inEngland reported meeting the recommendations,however, when measured using an accelerometer itwas found that only 6% of men and 4% of women metthese. Both self-report and objective measures foundthat the levels of physical activity declined with age inboth men and women (Table 1.9, Figures 1.9a and 1.9b).Accelerometry data by tertile of equivalised householdincome does not show a clear trend, as was seenwith the self-report data. For men, more people inthe highest tertile were meeting recommendations,however for women it was those who were inthe lowest tertile (Table 1.10, Figure 1.10).
British Heart Foundation and University of Oxford 13The Health Survey for England in 2008 alsogave a subsample of children aged 4 to 15 yearsaccelerometers to wear. In boys aged 4 to 10, 51%were meeting the recommended levels of activityfor children, however for boys aged 11 to 15 this wasonly 7% whilst 75% were classified as having lowlevels of activity. The prevalence of physical activityin girls was even lower, with 34% of girls aged 4 to 10meeting the recommended levels, but no girls aged11 to 15 exercising to this level. Ninety six percent ofgirls in this age group were measured as having lowactivity levels (Table 1.11, Figures 1.11a and 1.11b).Cardiac rehabilitationIn 2009-10, 42% of patients who had a heart attack (MI),bypass surgery (CABG), or an angioplasty (PCI) tookpart in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) across England, Walesand Northern Ireland, with the aim of reducing cardiacmortality, promoting self-management and improvingquality of life 9 . In 2000 the National Service Framework(NSF) for Coronary Heart Disease recommended that at12 months at least 50% of individuals who had taken partin cardiac rehabilitation should be taking regular physicalactivity of at least 30 minutes duration on averagefor five times each week 10 . The 2011 National Audit ofCardiac Rehabilitation found that a greater proportionof patients reached these NSF recommended levelsafter they had undergone cardiac rehabilitation, with53% achieving these levels 12 weeks after rehabilitationand 49% 12 months after. Although a smaller numberof patients were sampled 12 months after rehabilitationthan 12 weeks (Table 1.12, Figures 1.12a and 1.12b).1. World Health Organization (2010). Global Recommendationson Physical Activity for Health. WHO: Geneva.2. Department of Health, Physical Activity, HealthImprovement and Protection (2011). Start active, stayactive: a report on physical activity from the fourhome countries. Chief Medical Officers: London.3. Scarborough P, Bhatnagar P, Wickramasinghe K, AllenderS, Foster C, Rayner M. (2011). The economic burden of illhealth due to diet, physical inactivity, smoking, alcoholand obesity in the UK: an update to 2006–07 NHS costs.J Public Health. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdr0334. Department of Health (2004). At least five a week:evidence on the impact of physical activity and itsrelationship to health. Department of Health: London.5. Department of Health (2005) Choosing Activity: a physicalactivity action plan. Department of Health: London.6. Welsh Assembly Government (2011). Health Behaviour inSchool – aged Children: initial findings from the 2009/10survey in Wales. Social Research Division: Cardiff.7. Sallis F, SaelensB (2000). Assessment of Physical Activity bySelf-Report: Status, Limitations, and Future Directions. ResearchQuarterly for Exercise and Sport. American Alliance for Health,Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD).8. Department of Health (2010). Health Survey for England 2008:Physical activity and fitness. The Stationery Office: London.9. British Heart Foundation (2011). The National Auditof Cardiac Rehabilitation: Annual Statistical Report2011. British Heart Foundation: London.10. Department of Health (2000). National Service Frameworkfor Coronary Heart Disease: Modern Standards andService Models. The Stationery Office: London.
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Physical activity statistics 2012 - British Heart Foundation

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