Van Gunst, K.J. 2012. Forest Mortality in Lake Tahoe Basin from ...

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xiForest Types and Ecoregions.......................................................................................12Image Calibration and Normalization .........................................................................13Leaf Area Index and Stocking Inde ..............................................................................14Forest Mortality ...........................................................................................................15Mortality Validation.....................................................................................................18Climate .........................................................................................................................19Data Analysis ...............................................................................................................21Results ...............................................................................................................................22Interaction of Climatic Period and Forest Mortality ........................................................22Influences on the Density Dependence of Forest Mortality .....................................…..…23A. By Forest Type ……………………………………………………………23B. By Climatic Period………………………………………………….....24C. Forest Type and Climatic Period…………………………...…….....25Discussion .........................................................................................................................26Management Implications ............................................................................................30Literature Cited .................................................................................................................32Appendix A. 95 th Percentile of LAI values in 17 forest groups .......................................72Appendix B. Relationships among modeled snow deficits, Snow Water Equivalent(SWE) from California Cooperative Snow Surveys, and Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI) over the study period……………...…………………………………………..…74Appendix C. Final models in 5 forest types in 25-year study period…............................76
xiiChapter 2 – Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Forest Mortality in Lake Tahoe Basin,USA: Influence of Climate and Environment ....................................................................80Abstract .............................................................................................................................81Introduction .......................................................................................................................82Topographic influences on forest mortality……………………...………....82Phytophagous insect population dynamics and forest mortality...................85Climate and temporal variation in forest mortality y...................................86Study Objectives............................................................................................87Methods .............................................................................................................................88Study Area...................................................................................................88Forest Types and Ecoregions......................................................................89Image Processing and Mortality Classification………..............................89Climate……………………………………........………..............................90Environmental Variables.............................................................................91Data Analysis...............................................................................................91Results ...............................................................................................................................92Forest Mortality across Drought and Wet Periods......................................92Ecoregional Influences on Forest Mortality ................................................93Topographic effects on forest mortality: Solar Radiation andElevation........................................................................................................94Discussion .........................................................................................................................95Conclusion ......................................................................................................................103Literature Cited ...............................................................................................................104
Page 1 and 2: University of Nevada, RenoForest Mo
Page 4 and 5: iTHESIS ABSTRACTWidespread and sync
Page 6 and 7: iiimiddle and upper-elevation fores
Page 8 and 9: vpine (Pinus albicaulis) forests of
Page 10 and 11: viiACKNOWLEDGMENTS: Primary financi
Page 12 and 13: ixPlate 2. Photograph of mountain p
Page 16 and 17: xiiiAPPENDIX A. 25 years of annual
Page 18 and 19: xvefficiency measures agreement bet
Page 20 and 21: xviimortality; Negative DDM: decrea
Page 22 and 23: xixratios greater than one indicate
Page 24 and 25: 2ABSTRACTIncreased stand density is
Page 26 and 27: 4rise to outbreaks of widespread mo
Page 28 and 29: 6of compounds and structures necess
Page 30 and 31: 8landscapes (Logan et al. 1998; Nel
Page 33 and 34: 11(Sierra Nevada) of the LTB with m
Page 35 and 36: 13treatment areas were also exclude
Page 37 and 38: 15We evaluated the accuracy of mode
Page 39 and 40: 17field data. In early fall of 2010
Page 41 and 42: 19gray canopies, a result of the co
Page 43 and 44: 21established five climatic periods
Page 45 and 46: 23far greater during the first drou
Page 47 and 48: 25slightly more frequent during the
Page 49 and 50: 27but persistent factor for forest
Page 51 and 52: 29For sugar pine, mortality risk in
Page 53 and 54: 31treatments to be variable, incons
Page 55 and 56: 33Baret, F. and G. Guyot. 1991. Pot
Page 57 and 58: 35Das, Adrian, John Battles, Nathan
Page 59 and 60: 37Fettig, Christopher J., Robert R.
Page 61 and 62: 39Huete, A.R., H.Q. Liu, K. Batchil
Page 63 and 64: 41Loomis W E. 1932. Growth-differen
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43Moritz, Max A., Paul F. Hessburg,
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45Scholl, Andrew E. and Alan H. Tay
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47van Mantgem, P.J., Stephenson, N.
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49Table 1-1. Description of LTB for
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51TABLE 1-3a,b. Validation of remot
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53TABLE 1-5. Summary of odds-ratios
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FIGURE 1-1. Location of Lake Tahoe
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57a.b.FIGURE 1-3a, b. LAI Validatio
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60b1.b2.d. c.FIGURE 1-6. Pictorial
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62FIGURE 1-8. Mortality levels and
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64FIGURE 1-10. Direction and magnit
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66FIGURE 1-12. Number of models whe
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Ratio: Positive DDM:Negative DDM681
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70FIGURE 1-16. Average odds ratio f
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72APPENDIX A. 95 th Percentile of L
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19801982198419861988199019921994199
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76APPENDIX C. Final models in five
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78ForestType Year Model LRT ModelTy
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80Chapter 2 - Spatial and Temporal
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83mountainous regions of snow-domin
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85McDowell et al. 2008; Rice et al.
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87periods in the same forest may re
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89Forest Types and EcoregionsWe exa
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91Environmental VariablesIn additio
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93(Figure 2-6). Forest mortality ma
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95In JP forests, decreases in eleva
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97that abrupt declines in growth ar
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99and d2) and increased temperature
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101concentrated at lower elevations
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103responses may be due to the grea
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105Berg, Edward E, J. David Henry,
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107from 1991-1996 near Spooner Lake
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109Hansen, E., Bentz, B. and Turner
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111reference to historical disturba
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113Ogle, Kiona, Thomas G. Whitham,
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115SNEP [Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Pr
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117Vygodskaya, N.N., E.D. Schulze,
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119ForestType Coefficients Standar
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121a.b.c.d.FIGURE 2-1. Ecoregions (
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123FIGURE 2-3. Solar radiation (WH/
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125FIGURE 2-5. Boxplots of annual m
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127FIGURE 2-7. Effect plots for Ann
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129a: JPb: MFc: RFFIGURE 2-9a-c. Le
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131FIGURE 2-11. Location of increas
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133FIGURE 2-13. Location of increas
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1351993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-971
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137THESIS SUMMARYForest mortality i
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Van Gunst, K.J. 2012. Forest Mortality in Lake Tahoe Basin from ...

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