Van Gunst, K.J. 2012. Forest Mortality in Lake Tahoe Basin from ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

60b1.b2.d. c.FIGURE 1-6. Pictorial sequence of remote sensing processing used to derive annualmortality maps. Level 1 terrain corrected Landsat TM 5 satellite image is acquired,resized to study area, and normalized to reference imagery (a).Year one (ex.2009) andyear two (ex. 2010) normalized images are transformed into single-year NDWI maps (b1,2009: b2, 2010). Continuous differenced NDWI (dNDWI) map (c) is derived bysubtracting 2009 NDWI (Year 1) from 2010 NDWI (Year 2). Map of continuous dNDWIis classified into maps of healthy and canopy dieback pixels using validated thresholds(dNDWI
Average Winter MinimumTemperature ( o C)Snow: Depature from 30 Year Norm610-2-41980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005w1 d1 w2 d2 w31.51.41.31.2SnowDeficit-6-8-10-121.110.90.80.70.6AverageWinterMinimumTemp.FIGURE 1-7. Derivation of five climatic periods throughout the 1985-2009 study period,with 1980-1984 for reference. Single-year snow deficits are derived from the currentyear/30-year norm precipitation as snow variable from the ClimateWNA dataset (Wanget al. 2012). Four-year lagged deficits (average of current year deficit + 3 previous years)replicate historical accounts of dry and wet periods in the LTB. Average winter minimumtemperature is current-year temperature. Climatic periods: w1=1985-1987 (August 1985-July 1986, August1986-July 1987, 2-year duration); d1=1987-1995, 8-year duration:w2= 1995-1999, 4-year duration; d2= 1999-2006, 7-year duration; w3: 2006-2010, 4-year duration.
Page 1 and 2:
University of Nevada, RenoForest Mo
Page 4 and 5:
iTHESIS ABSTRACTWidespread and sync
Page 6 and 7:
iiimiddle and upper-elevation fores
Page 8 and 9:
vpine (Pinus albicaulis) forests of
Page 10 and 11:
viiACKNOWLEDGMENTS: Primary financi
Page 12 and 13:
ixPlate 2. Photograph of mountain p
Page 14 and 15:
xiForest Types and Ecoregions......
Page 16 and 17:
xiiiAPPENDIX A. 25 years of annual
Page 18 and 19:
xvefficiency measures agreement bet
Page 20 and 21:
xviimortality; Negative DDM: decrea
Page 22 and 23:
xixratios greater than one indicate
Page 24 and 25:
2ABSTRACTIncreased stand density is
Page 26 and 27:
4rise to outbreaks of widespread mo
Page 28 and 29:
6of compounds and structures necess
Page 30 and 31: 8landscapes (Logan et al. 1998; Nel
Page 33 and 34: 11(Sierra Nevada) of the LTB with m
Page 35 and 36: 13treatment areas were also exclude
Page 37 and 38: 15We evaluated the accuracy of mode
Page 39 and 40: 17field data. In early fall of 2010
Page 41 and 42: 19gray canopies, a result of the co
Page 43 and 44: 21established five climatic periods
Page 45 and 46: 23far greater during the first drou
Page 47 and 48: 25slightly more frequent during the
Page 49 and 50: 27but persistent factor for forest
Page 51 and 52: 29For sugar pine, mortality risk in
Page 53 and 54: 31treatments to be variable, incons
Page 55 and 56: 33Baret, F. and G. Guyot. 1991. Pot
Page 57 and 58: 35Das, Adrian, John Battles, Nathan
Page 59 and 60: 37Fettig, Christopher J., Robert R.
Page 61 and 62: 39Huete, A.R., H.Q. Liu, K. Batchil
Page 63 and 64: 41Loomis W E. 1932. Growth-differen
Page 65 and 66: 43Moritz, Max A., Paul F. Hessburg,
Page 67 and 68: 45Scholl, Andrew E. and Alan H. Tay
Page 69 and 70: 47van Mantgem, P.J., Stephenson, N.
Page 71 and 72: 49Table 1-1. Description of LTB for
Page 73 and 74: 51TABLE 1-3a,b. Validation of remot
Page 75 and 76: 53TABLE 1-5. Summary of odds-ratios
Page 77 and 78: FIGURE 1-1. Location of Lake Tahoe
Page 79 and 80: 57a.b.FIGURE 1-3a, b. LAI Validatio
Page 84 and 85: 62FIGURE 1-8. Mortality levels and
Page 86 and 87: 64FIGURE 1-10. Direction and magnit
Page 88 and 89: 66FIGURE 1-12. Number of models whe
Page 90 and 91: Ratio: Positive DDM:Negative DDM681
Page 92 and 93: 70FIGURE 1-16. Average odds ratio f
Page 94 and 95: 72APPENDIX A. 95 th Percentile of L
Page 96 and 97: 19801982198419861988199019921994199
Page 98 and 99: 76APPENDIX C. Final models in five
Page 100 and 101: 78ForestType Year Model LRT ModelTy
Page 102 and 103: 80Chapter 2 - Spatial and Temporal
Page 105 and 106: 83mountainous regions of snow-domin
Page 107 and 108: 85McDowell et al. 2008; Rice et al.
Page 109 and 110: 87periods in the same forest may re
Page 111 and 112: 89Forest Types and EcoregionsWe exa
Page 113 and 114: 91Environmental VariablesIn additio
Page 115 and 116: 93(Figure 2-6). Forest mortality ma
Page 117 and 118: 95In JP forests, decreases in eleva
Page 119 and 120: 97that abrupt declines in growth ar
Page 121 and 122: 99and d2) and increased temperature
Page 123 and 124: 101concentrated at lower elevations
Page 125 and 126: 103responses may be due to the grea
Page 127 and 128: 105Berg, Edward E, J. David Henry,
Page 129 and 130: 107from 1991-1996 near Spooner Lake
Page 131 and 132:
109Hansen, E., Bentz, B. and Turner
Page 133 and 134:
111reference to historical disturba
Page 135 and 136:
113Ogle, Kiona, Thomas G. Whitham,
Page 137 and 138:
115SNEP [Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Pr
Page 139 and 140:
117Vygodskaya, N.N., E.D. Schulze,
Page 141 and 142:
119ForestType Coefficients Standar
Page 143 and 144:
121a.b.c.d.FIGURE 2-1. Ecoregions (
Page 145 and 146:
123FIGURE 2-3. Solar radiation (WH/
Page 147 and 148:
125FIGURE 2-5. Boxplots of annual m
Page 149 and 150:
127FIGURE 2-7. Effect plots for Ann
Page 151 and 152:
129a: JPb: MFc: RFFIGURE 2-9a-c. Le
Page 153 and 154:
131FIGURE 2-11. Location of increas
Page 155 and 156:
133FIGURE 2-13. Location of increas
Page 157 and 158:
1351993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-971
Page 159 and 160:
137THESIS SUMMARYForest mortality i
show all

Van Gunst, K.J. 2012. Forest Mortality in Lake Tahoe Basin from ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?