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E C O N O M I C SWorking Paper 99-07Genetic Change inFarmer-Recycled Maize Seed:A Review of the EvidenceMichael L. Morris, a Jean Risopoulos, aand David Beck babEconomics Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT).Maize Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT).63
CIMMYT (www.cimmyt.mx or www.cimmyt.cgiar.org) is an internationally funded, nonprofitscientific research and training organization. Headquartered in Mexico, the Center works withagricultural research institutions worldwide to improve the productivity, profitability, andsustainability of maize and wheat systems for poor farmers in developing countries. It is one of 16similar centers supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research(CGIAR). The CGIAR comprises over 55 partner countries, international and regional organizations,and private foundations. It is co-sponsored by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of theUnited Nations, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank), theUnited Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the United Nations EnvironmentProgramme (UNEP). Financial support for CIMMYT’s research agenda also comes from many othersources, including foundations, development banks, and public and private agencies.CIMMYT supports Future Harvest, a public awareness campaign that buildsunderstanding about the importance of agricultural issues and internationalagricultural research. Future Harvest links respected research institutions,influential public figures, and leading agricultural scientists to underscore the wider social benefitsof improved agriculture—peace, prosperity, environmental renewal, health, and the alleviation ofhuman suffering (www.futureharvest.org).© International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) 1999. Responsibility for thispublication rests solely with CIMMYT. The designations employed in the presentation of material inthis publication do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of CIMMYT orcontributory organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area, or of itsauthorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.Printed in Mexico.Correct citation: Morris, M.L., J. Risopoulos, and D. Beck. 1999. Genetic Change in Farmer-RecycledMaize Seed: A Review of the Evidence. CIMMYT Economics Working Paper No. 99-07. Mexico, D.F.:CIMMYT.ISSN: 0258-8587AGROVOC descriptors: Developing countries; Maize; Zea mays; Crop performance; Performancetesting; Seed characteristics; Seed testing; Innovation adoption; Crop management; Farming systems;Yield factors; Genetic parameters; Selection; Segregation; Natural selection; Mutation; Yields;Productivity; Economic analysisAGRIS category codes: E14 Development Economics and PoliciesF30 Plant Genetics and BreedingDewey decimal classification: 338.16
Page 1: E C O N O M I C SWorking Paper 99-0
Page 5 and 6: Executive SummaryThis paper summari
Page 7 and 8: AcknowledgmentsAny report that is b
Page 9 and 10: followed a very different path comp
Page 11 and 12: Farmers’ Management of Maize Vari
Page 13 and 14: In recent years, new evidence has e
Page 15 and 16: state of Guanajuato and discusses t
Page 17 and 18: Based on the results of a survey co
Page 19 and 20: elied with greater frequency on the
Page 21 and 22: hybrid seed. Initially, it was gene
Page 23 and 24: In Veracruz State, Mexico, where mo
Page 25 and 26: Recent work in the highlands of Mex
Page 27 and 28: producers) tend to rely on family,
Page 29 and 30: Unintentional seed mixingUnintentio
Page 31 and 32: Table 11. Yield depression resultin
Page 33 and 34: Genetic driftWhen farmers select ea
Page 35 and 36: (a) Production of a single-cross hy
Page 37 and 38: Breeding hybrid maize begins with t
Page 39 and 40: According to this theory, genes tha
Page 41 and 42: Wright’s finding, which is based
Page 43 and 44: Similarly, the mean of F3 generatio
Page 45 and 46: 2. Between the F1 and F2 generation
Page 47 and 48: In a series of on-station trials co
Page 49 and 50: As part of the same trial, Ramírez
Page 51 and 52: Table 19. Inbreeding depression obs
Page 53 and 54:
to 41% for the single cross (Figure
Page 55 and 56:
DiscussionEvery time a farmer recyc
Page 57 and 58:
The finding that genetic change in
Page 59 and 60:
Brennan, J.P., and D. Byerlee. 1991
Page 61 and 62:
Murillo Navarrete, P. 1978. Estimac
Page 63 and 64:
AppendixGuidelines for Estimating t
Page 65 and 66:
exactly how different the plants wo
Page 67 and 68:
As a general rule, we propose that
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