Jugenheimer, R.W. 1981. Variedades mejoradas, métodos de cultivo y producción de semillas. (Traduccion PiñaGarcía). Mexico, D.F.: Limusa.Khadka, R.J., G.B. Gurung, U.P. Rai, B.B. Kshetry, K. M. Syambu, and C.B. Karki. 1993. Report on amaize/millet Samuhik Bhraman in Dhankuta and Terhathum Districts. Pakhribas AgriculturalCentre Working Paper No 38. Pakhribas Agricultural Centre, Dhankuta District, Koshi Zone,Nepal.Kiesselbach, T.A. 1922. Corn investigations. Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station Research Bulletin 20:5-151.Kiesselbach, T.A. 1933. The possibilities <strong>of</strong> modern corn breeding. Proceedings <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> World Grain Exhibitors’Conference (Canada), 2:91-112.Kiesselbach, T.A. 1960. Performance <strong>of</strong> advanced generation corn hybrids. Agronomy Journal 52:29-32.Kumwenda, J.D. T., V.H. Kabambe, and W.D. Sakala. 1996. Edited by T.D. Benson. Maize commodity teamannual report for <strong>the</strong> 1992/3 season, Chitedze Agricultural Research Station, Department <strong>of</strong>Agricultural Research, Ministry <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, Lilongwe, Malawi.Kumwenda, J.D. T., V.H. Kabambe, and W.D. Sakala. 1997. Edited by T.D. Benson. Maize commodity teamannual report for <strong>the</strong> 1993/4 season, Chitedze Agricultural Research Station, Department <strong>of</strong>Agricultural Research, Ministry <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, Lilongwe, Malawi.Lee, M. 1997. Towards understanding and manipulating heterosis in crops – Can molecular genetics help?In: <strong>CIMMYT</strong>, 1997. Book <strong>of</strong> abstracts. The genetics and exploitation <strong>of</strong> heterosis in crops; An internationalsymposium. Mexico, D.F., Mexico.Leslie, J. 1986. The adoption <strong>of</strong> improved maize varieties in Pakhribas local target area: Results <strong>of</strong> asurvey and <strong>the</strong>ir implications for fur<strong>the</strong>r research. PAC Economic Planning Unit. Technical PaperNo. 88, Pakhribas Agricultural Centre, Dhankuta District, Koshi Zone, Nepal.Li, C.C. 1974. Population genetics. Pacific Grove, California: Boxwood Press.Longmire, J.L., and M. Fida. No date. Unpublished manuscript. Assessing maize varietal deteriorationusing on-farm and on-station research: Azam maize in <strong>the</strong> Swat Valley, North West FrontierProvince, Pakistan. Unpublished paper, <strong>CIMMYT</strong> Economics Program. Mexico, D.F.: <strong>CIMMYT</strong>.López-Pereira, M.A., and A. Espinosa Calderón. 1993. Análisis economico de la producción y uso de lasemilla mejorada de maíz: El caso de Mexico. Paper presented at <strong>the</strong> 39th Annual Meeting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>PCCMCA, 28 March - 3 April, Guatemala City, Guatemala.López-Pereira, M.A., and M. Filippello. 1994. Maize seed industries revisited: Emerging roles <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> publicand private sectors. Part 1 <strong>of</strong> <strong>CIMMYT</strong> 1993/4 World Maize Facts and Trends. Maize Seed IndustriesRevisited: Emerging Roles <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Public and Private Sectors. Mexico, D.F.: <strong>CIMMYT</strong>.López-Pereira, M.A., and M.L. Morris. 1994. Impacts <strong>of</strong> international maize breeding research in <strong>the</strong> developingworld, 1966-1990. Mexico, D.F.: <strong>CIMMYT</strong>.Louette, D. 1995. Seed exchange among farmers and gene flow among maize varieties in traditionalagricultural systems. In: Serratos et al. (eds) (1994), Gene Flow among Maize Landraces, ImprovedMaize Varieties, and Teosinte: Implications for Transgenic Maize. Proceedings <strong>of</strong> a Forum. Mexico, D.F.:INIFAP, <strong>CIMMYT</strong>, and CNBA.Louette, D. 1994. Gestion traditionnelle de variétés de maïs dans la réserve de la Biosphère Sierra deManantlán (RBSM, états de Jalisco et Colima, Mexique) et conservation in situ des ressourcesgénétiques des plantes cultivées. Thèse de doctorat, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique deMontpellier, Montpellier.Louette, D., A. Charrier, and J. Berthaud. 1997. In situ conservation <strong>of</strong> maize in Mexico: Genetic diversityand maize seed management in a traditional community. Economic Botany 51 (1): 20-38.Louette, D., and M. Smale. 1998. Farmers’ seed selection practices and maize variety characteristics in atraditionally-based Mexican community. <strong>CIMMYT</strong> Economics Program Working Paper. Mexico,D.F.: <strong>CIMMYT</strong>.Martin, J.M., and A.R. Hallauer. 1976. Relation between heterozygosis and yield for four types <strong>of</strong> maizeinbred lines. Egyptian Journal <strong>of</strong> Genetics and Cytology 5: 119-135.Ma<strong>the</strong>r, K., and J.L. Jinks. 1971. Biometrical genetics. London: Chapman and Hall.Morris, M.L. (ed). 1997a. Maize seed industries in developing countries. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne RiennerPublishers.Morris, M.L. 1997b. Maize in <strong>the</strong> developing world: Waiting for a green revolution. In: M.L. Morris (ed.),1997a. Maize seed industries in developing countries. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers.53
Murillo Navarrete, P. 1978. Estimación del grado de cruzamiento en lotes de selección masal sinaislamiento. Tesis pr<strong>of</strong>esional. Universidad de Guadalajara, Colegio de Agricultura. Guadalajara,Jalisco, Mexico.Neal, N.P. 1935. The decrease in yielding capacity in advanced generations <strong>of</strong> hybrid corn. Journal <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>American Society <strong>of</strong> Agronomy 27: 666-670.Ortega-Paczka, R.A. 1973. Variación en maíz y cambios socio-económicos en Chiapas, México 1946-1971.Tesis de especialidad Botánica. Colegio de Posgraduados, Chapingo, Mexico.Ortega Sequeira, I., H. Bos, and J. Pasquier. 1993. Semillas, sistemas locales de provision de semillas demaíz y frijol. In: Cuadernos del Centro para la Investigación, la promoción y el desarollo rural y social(CIPRES), No 16. Managua, Nicaragua.Ortiz Torres, E. 1993. Aislamiento y dispersión de polen en la producción de semilla de maíz. Tesis deM.C., Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Mexico.Pandey, S. 1997. Varietal development: Conventional plant breeding. In M.L. Morris (ed.), 1997a. Maizeseed industries in developing countries. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers.Perales R., H. 1998. Conservation and evolution <strong>of</strong> maize in Amecameca and Cuautla valleys <strong>of</strong> Mexico.Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. University <strong>of</strong> California at Davis.Perales R., H., S.B. Brush, and C.O. Qualset. 1998. Agronomic and economic competitiveness <strong>of</strong> maizelandraces and in situ conservation in Mexico. In: M. Smale et al. (eds), Farmers, gene banks, and cropbreeding: Economic analyses <strong>of</strong> diversity in wheat, maize, and rice. Boston, Dordrecht, and London:Kluwer Academic Publishers.Pérez Rodas, C. N. 1997. Evaluación de generaciones filiales de nueve hibridos de maíz Zea mays L. en treslocalidades de la zona tropical baja de Guatemala. Tesis. Universidad Rafael Landivar, Facultadde Ciencias Agricolas y Ambientales, Guatemala.Poehlman, J.M. 1979. Breeding field crops. AVI Publishing Co., Inc., Westport, Connecticut.Pollak, E., H.F. Robinson, and R.E. Comstock. 1957. Interpopulation hybrids in open-pollinated varieties<strong>of</strong> maize. American Naturalist 91: 387-391.Powers, L. 1941. Inheritance <strong>of</strong> quantitative characters in crosses involving two species <strong>of</strong> Lycopersicon.Journal <strong>of</strong> Agricultural Research 63:149-174.Ransom, J.K., A. F.E. Palmer, B. T. Zambezi, Z.O. Mduruma, S.R. Waddington, K.V. Pixley, and D.C. Jewell(eds). 1997. Maize productivity gains through research and technology dissemination. Proceedings <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>Fifth Eastern and Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Africa Regional Maize Conference. 3-7 June, Arusha, Tanzania. Nairobi:<strong>CIMMYT</strong>.Ramírez Vallejo, P., M.M. Balderas, and F. Gerón Xavier. 1986. Potencial productivo de las generacionesavanzadas de los híbridos tropicales de maíz H-503, H-507 y H-510. Fitotecnia 8: 20-34.Rice, E., M. Smale, and J.L. Blanco. 1997. Farmers’ use <strong>of</strong> improved seed selection practices in Mexicanmaize: <strong>Evidence</strong> and issues from <strong>the</strong> Sierra de Santa Marta. <strong>CIMMYT</strong> Economics ProgramWorking Paper 97-03, Mexico, D.F.: <strong>CIMMYT</strong>.Ristanovic, D., P. Gibson, and K.N. Rao. 1985. Development and evaluation <strong>of</strong> maize hybrids in Zambia.In: Proceedings <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> First Eastern, Central and Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Africa Regional Maize Workshop, Lusaka,March 10-17, Zambia. Nairobi: <strong>CIMMYT</strong>.Sain, G., F. Herrera, and J. Martinez. 1996. Adopción y uso de semilla mejorada de maíz entre pequeñosagricultores de Guatemala. Publicación Técnica de Difusión del Programa Colaborativo ICTA-PRM-<strong>CIMMYT</strong>.Seed Coop Company <strong>of</strong> Zimbabwe, Ltd. 1987. Research Summary 1985-6. Rattray-Arnold ResearchStation Annual Report, agronomy section. Zimbabwe.Seeley, J. 1988. Household maize variety selection in Lumle Agricultural Centre Extension CommandArea. Technical Paper 88/24. Pokhara, Nepal: Lumle Agricultural Centre.Serratos, J.A., M. C. Willcox, and F. Castillo-Gonzalez (eds). 1995. Gene flow among Maize Landraces,Improved Maize Varieties and Teosinte: Implications for Transgenic Maize. Proceedings <strong>of</strong> a Forum.Mexico, D.F. <strong>CIMMYT</strong>.Sehgal, S. and J. Van Rompaey. 1993. Prospects for <strong>the</strong> hybrid seed industry in developing countries. In: G.Granados, C. De Leon, and J. Lothrop (eds.). 1993. Proceedings <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Fifth Regional Maize Workshop.Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City: Vietnam, Nov. 15-21, 1993.SEP (Secretaría de Educación Publica). 1982. Nuestro maíz – Treinta monografias populares. Consejo Naconalde Fomento Educativo, Secretaría de Educación Publica, Tomo 1 y 2, Mexico.54
- Page 1 and 2:
E C O N O M I C SWorking Paper 99-0
- Page 3 and 4:
CIMMYT (www.cimmyt.mx or www.cimmyt
- Page 5 and 6:
Executive SummaryThis paper summari
- Page 7 and 8:
AcknowledgmentsAny report that is b
- Page 9 and 10: followed a very different path comp
- Page 11 and 12: Farmers’ Management of Maize Vari
- Page 13 and 14: In recent years, new evidence has e
- Page 15 and 16: state of Guanajuato and discusses t
- Page 17 and 18: Based on the results of a survey co
- Page 19 and 20: elied with greater frequency on the
- Page 21 and 22: hybrid seed. Initially, it was gene
- Page 23 and 24: In Veracruz State, Mexico, where mo
- Page 25 and 26: Recent work in the highlands of Mex
- Page 27 and 28: producers) tend to rely on family,
- Page 29 and 30: Unintentional seed mixingUnintentio
- Page 31 and 32: Table 11. Yield depression resultin
- Page 33 and 34: Genetic driftWhen farmers select ea
- Page 35 and 36: (a) Production of a single-cross hy
- Page 37 and 38: Breeding hybrid maize begins with t
- Page 39 and 40: According to this theory, genes tha
- Page 41 and 42: Wright’s finding, which is based
- Page 43 and 44: Similarly, the mean of F3 generatio
- Page 45 and 46: 2. Between the F1 and F2 generation
- Page 47 and 48: In a series of on-station trials co
- Page 49 and 50: As part of the same trial, Ramírez
- Page 51 and 52: Table 19. Inbreeding depression obs
- Page 53 and 54: to 41% for the single cross (Figure
- Page 55 and 56: DiscussionEvery time a farmer recyc
- Page 57 and 58: The finding that genetic change in
- Page 59: Brennan, J.P., and D. Byerlee. 1991
- Page 63 and 64: AppendixGuidelines for Estimating t
- Page 65 and 66: exactly how different the plants wo
- Page 67 and 68: As a general rule, we propose that