PDF COPY - Manuel berberian

294 BERBERIAN AND TCHALENKOSeveral independent witnesses amongst the survivors of the earthquake, as wellas contemporary written accounts, related that, in the region of maximum destruction,the first shock was felt as an upward motion, and that this was followed immediw;elyby a horizontal shock from W to E and then by another from E to W. In many churches,we observed that the central pillars or colunms and the western facade collapsedtowards the west. Likewise, in many of the less damaged churches in the region eastof the epicentre (described below) only the western wall collapsed, and this al~aysFig. 15. Tombstones in Khosrova cemetery. Examples of lranslation (left) and rotation (right) ofupper block with respect to the base. Note some tilted tombstones in the b ackground.