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IRA~IANeURBANHOWOAR nSAILABYENGIJEH =~38.25eAQZIARATZOLA
1930SALMAS EARTHQUAKE 275about 40 churches were destroyed or damaged (Tables 1 and 2). Casualties, which occurrednearly exclusively amongst the section of the population which had not heededthe foreshock, amounted to about 2,514 killed (Table 1). Two surface faults were formedwith the earthquake: the first, oriented NW-SE and located at the southern edgeof the Salmas Plain, was about 20km long and displayed a maximum right-lateral movementof 4m and a maximum vertical throw (NE down) of about 5m; the second,oriented NE-SW and located in the western mountains, was over 3km long, leftlateral,and had a vertical throw (NW down) of about lm. A recent recalculationlocated the instrumental epicentre at 38°.22’N, 44°.66’E (Nabavi 1972), which isclose agreement with the centre of the region of maximum destruction (macroseismicepicentre), found in this study to be approximately 38 °. 15’N, 44°.70’E. Hence foreshockand main shock had, to a first approximation, nearly identical epicentres.Outside the epicentral region, Khoy, Qutur, and Sharafkhaneh were slightlydamaged. In Tabriz, the shock caused panic, and part of the population fled the town.In the north, it was felt with intensities between 4 and 6 bals in Julfa (Medvedev, 1953),Nakhichevan, Ordubad, and was even reported as felt in Leninakan and Tiflis. NearJulfa (North Iran), the eastern wall of S.Stephanos developed a vertical central crack(Fig. 4), probably as a result of unequal foundation settlement. In the west the shockwas felt in Bashkaleh and as far as Van in Turkey, and in the south as far as SavejBulaq (Mahabad).3.2. Eyewitness account,The main shock was witnessed by Abel Zayia, a Persian Lazarist of the FrenchMission in Rezaiyeh to investigate the damage in Salmas. The account given refers tothe effects as felt in the southeastern part of the epicentral region, at a point on theRezaiyeh-Dilman road just north of the present-day village of Aliabad, and southof the isolated mountain (marked 1628 in Figs. 2 and 3) which contains a well-knownSassanian bas-relief. The extracts which follow are translated from the French by thepresent authors."At half-past one in the morning we were just in front of the Suratis mountain(bas-relief), one of the car’s headlights broke-down and the driver got out to repairit. Suddenly I felt the car shake and thrown-upwards; it was projected from south tonorth and displaced by 50 cm (Zayia 1930b, is more precise:" it (the car) was projected50cm sideways"). The driver was thrown down onto the ground" (Zayia, 1930a). "Thedriver was lying on the road. I thought that the car was out of control and instinctivelyreached for the brake and ignition key, when I heard a terrible noise: it was the rocksrolling down from the mountain. I quickly got out of the car, but what difficulty toremain standing! Not being able to advance, or go back, we waited for two hours;I looked upwards to see the apparition of the sign of the Son of Man. During this timeFig. 3. (Facing Page) Main shock of 6 May 1930.Village destruction estimated at:$ 75-100% O 25-75°,/o O 0-25°/o O 0°/o * no information avuilabl~Damage to churches:~ destroyed ~ partly destroyed ~ fissured ~,an.damaged"r church destroyed before 1930-- fault-break gchanged thermal spring ...... rockfalllandslide or rockslide w = waterlogging d = springs decreased i = springs increasedHT Haftavan Tepe, DT Drishik Tepe. New (post-1930) villages shown as squares. Heights ilx meters.
Page 1 and 2: Geol. Surv. Iran, 39, 271-342, 1976
Page 3 and 4: U S S R~ ’~; ~J.U LFAS. Stephanos
Page 5: I3a252635
Page 9 and 10: 1930 SALMAS EARTHQUAKE 277’contin
Page 11 and 12: 1930 SALMAS EARTHQUAKE 279there wer
Page 13 and 14: 1930 SALMAS EARTGQUAKE 281Approx.di
Page 15 and 16: 1930 SALMAS EARTGQUAKE 283Approx.di
Page 17 and 18: 1930SALMAS EARTHQUAKE 285the usual
Page 19 and 20: 1930SALMAS EARTHQUAKE 287slept indo
Page 21 and 22: 1930SALMAS EARTHQUAKE 289relatively
Page 23 and 24: 1930 SALMAS EARTHQUAKE 291saw them
Page 25 and 26: 1930SALMAS EAR.THQUAKE 293watched t
Page 27 and 28: 1930 SALMAS EARTHQUAKE 295to the we
Page 29 and 30: 1930 SALMAS EATHQUAKE 297indoors. H
Page 31 and 32: 1930 SALMAS EARTHQUAKE 299Zaviehjuk
Page 33 and 34: 1930SALMAS EARTHQUAKE 301Gevork was
Page 35 and 36: 1930 SALMAS EARTHQUAKE 303cracks ne
Page 37 and 38: Eig. 25a. Unique photograph illustr
Page 39 and 40: 1930 SALMAS EARTHQUAKE 307of descri
Page 41 and 42: 1930SALMAS EARTHQUAKE3O9and had a h
Page 43 and 44: 1930 SALMAS EARTHQUAKE 311to the di
Page 45 and 46: 1930SALMAS EARTHQUAKE 313region, 85
Page 47 and 48: BERBERIAN AND TCHALENKO 315for the
Page 49 and 50: 1930 SALMAS EARTHQUAKE 317as the Ak
Page 51 and 52: 1930 SALMAS EARTHQUAKE 319a stream
Page 53 and 54: 1930SALMAS EARTHQUAKE 321for measur
Page 55 and 56: 1930 SALMAS EARTHQUAKE 323West of t
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1930SALMAS EARTHQUAKE 325fields and
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1930 SALMAS EARTHQUAKE 327for medic
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1930SALMAS EARTHQUAKE 329down) (Fig
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1930SALMAS EARTHQUAKE 331The entire
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1930. SALMAS EARTHQUAKE3335. NON-TE
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1930 SALMAS EARTHQUAKE 3356. AFTERS
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1930SALMAS EARTHQUAKE 3377. CONCLUS
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1930SALMAS EARTHQUAKE 339APPENDIX 1
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1930 SALMAS EARTHQUAKE 341APPENDIX
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