Leica Photogrammetry Suite Project Manager

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LPS Project ManagerTable of Contents / xii
List of FiguresFigure 1: Topography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Figure 2: Analog Stereo Plotter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Figure 3: LPS Project Manager Point Measurement Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Figure 4: Satellite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Figure 5: Exposure Stations Along a Flight Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Figure 6: Exposure Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Figure 7: A Regular Rectangular Block of Aerial Photos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Figure 8: Overlapping Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Figure 9: Pixel Coordinates vs. Image Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Figure 10: Image Space and Ground Space Coordinate System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Figure 11: Terrestrial Photography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Figure 12: Internal Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Figure 13: Pixel Coordinate System vs. Image Space Coordinate System . . . . . . . . . . 30Figure 14: Radial vs. Tangential Lens Distortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Figure 15: Elements of Exterior Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Figure 16: Omega, Phi, and Kappa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Figure 17: Primary Rotation Omega About the X-axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Figure 18: Secondary Rotation Phi about the Y Omega-axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Figure 19: Tertiary Rotation Kappa About the Z Omega Phi-axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Figure 20: Space Forward Intersection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Figure 21: Photogrammetric Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Figure 22: Photogrammetric Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Figure 23: GCP Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Figure 24: GCPs in a Block of Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Figure 25: Tie Point Distribution for Triangulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Figure 26: Tie Points in a Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Figure 27: Image Pyramid for Matching at Coarse to Full Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Figure 28: Perspective Centers of SPOT Scan Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Figure 29: Image Coordinates in a Satellite Scene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Figure 30: Interior Orientation of a SPOT Scene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59Figure 31: Inclination of a Satellite Stereo Scene (View from North to South) . . . . . . . 61Figure 32: Nadir and Off-nadir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Figure 33: Velocity Vector and Orientation Angle of a Single Scene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Figure 34: Ideal Point Distribution Over a Satellite Scene for Triangulation . . . . . . . . . 64Figure 35: Orthorectification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Figure 36: Digital Orthoimage - Finding Gray Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Figure 37: Geometric Relationship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Figure 38: Reference Sketch and Detail View of Point ID 1002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Figure 39: Reference Sketch and Detail View of Point ID 1003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96Figure 40: Reference Sketch and Detail View of Point ID 1004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Figure 41: Reference Sketch and Detail View of Point ID 1005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101Figure 42: Reference Sketch and Detail View of Point ID 1006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Figure 43: Reference Sketch and Detail View of Point ID 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Figure 44: Reference Sketch and Detail View of Point ID 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Figure 45: Reference Image of col90p1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129Figure 46: Reference Image of col91p1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130Figure 47: Reference Image of col92p1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Figure 48: Imported Orientation Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133Figure 49: Reference Images: xs_ortho.img and NAPP_2m-ortho.img . . . . . . . . . . . 169LPS Project Manager/ xiii
Page 1 and 2: Leica PhotogrammetrySuiteProject Ma
Page 3 and 4: Table of ContentsTable of Contents
Page 5 and 6: Prepare the Block File . . . . . .
Page 7 and 8: Generate Pyramid Layers . . . . . .
Page 9 and 10: Editing Exterior Information for Mu
Page 11: References. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 15 and 16: Figure 104: Sensor Tab for IKONOS S
Page 17 and 18: List of TablesTable 1: LPS Menu Bar
Page 19 and 20: PrefaceAbout This ManualThe Leica P
Page 21 and 22: IntroductionLPS Project Manager/ 1
Page 23 and 24: Introduction to LPS Project Manager
Page 25 and 26: LPS ProjectManagerFunctionalityTria
Page 27 and 28: Airborne GPS and inertial navigatio
Page 29 and 30: ToolbarThe following icons are loca
Page 31 and 32: Photogrammetric TheoryLPS Project M
Page 33 and 34: Introduction to PhotogrammetryIntro
Page 35 and 36: Figure 3: LPS Project Manager Point
Page 37 and 38: See “The Collinearity Equation”
Page 39 and 40: Classic aerial triangulation using
Page 41 and 42: Each photograph or image that is ex
Page 43 and 44: Scanning ResolutionsOne of the prim
Page 45 and 46: Coordinate SystemsConceptually, pho
Page 47 and 48: Geocentric and Topocentric Coordina
Page 49 and 50: • principal point• focal length
Page 51 and 52: For more information, see “Fiduci
Page 53 and 54: Figure 16: Omega, Phi, and Kappazyz
Page 55 and 56: Figure 19: Tertiary Rotation Kappa
Page 57 and 58: In order for the image and ground v
Page 59 and 60: Space ForwardIntersectionSpace forw
Page 61 and 62: Figure 21: Photogrammetric Configur
Page 63 and 64:
X o2, Y o2, Zo 2If three GCPs have
Page 65 and 66:
A = the matrix containing the parti
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The effect of the automatic error d
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Figure 23 illustrates the GCP confi
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Another issue of automated triangul
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aaρ=∑i,j∑i,jIn the above equat
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Relation-based MatchingImage Pyrami
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Figure 28: Perspective Centers of S
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Figure 30: Interior Orientation of
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Figure 31: Inclination of a Satelli
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• the changes of angles along the
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Figure 35: OrthorectificationImageD
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LPS Project Manager Tour GuidesLPS
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Frame Camera Tour GuideIntroduction
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Access LPS toolsusing the toolbarTh
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Click the Setbutton to openthe Proj
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Next, you choose the images that ma
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Click the lastfile in therange to a
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Click OK tostart computingpyramid l
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Add Fiducial Marks1. Click the Fidu
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A Main View opens on top of the Fra
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LPS Project Manager movesto the nex
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LPS Project Manager returnsto the f
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The Image File Name on the Sensor t
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This is the reference CellArray: re
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Specify the Type and Usage1. Click
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1. Using Figure 46 on page 130 as a
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Collect Point ID 1003 in col91p1Now
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1. In the Point Measurement tool pa
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Collect Point ID 1005The next contr
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3. Click in the Point ID column and
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Collect Point ID 2001Like control p
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2. Click in the Usage column to acc
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All of the Point IDs are listedin t
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After the tie point generation proc
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Perform AerialTriangulationNow that
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Check the ResultsScroll to see allo
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These are the photo or image coordi
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The Ext. column is green, indicatin
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Resample methoddisplays hereTo add
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You can also use the Project Graphi
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Select multiple imagesto add to the
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Click on the sliderand move the mou
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Reference ImagesFigure 45: Referenc
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Figure 47: Reference Image of col92
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Digital Camera Tour GuideIntroducti
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Page 157 and 158:
The information you supply inthe Cu
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Select the .datfile for exteriorori
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Add Imagery tothe BlockThe CellArra
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You are returned to the LPS Project
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You can savethis camerainformationf
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Pixel size is applied to all images
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1. On the LPS Project Manager toolb
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Click the Distribution tab3. In the
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4. Click the Close button in the Po
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12. Click the Report button in the
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The Point IDs are listed below each
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Select the image to display in the
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The Add Multiple Outputs dialog ope
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The highlighted ortho is indicated
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The imagesoverlap hereUse the Swipe
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Columns are green; the project is c
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SPOT Pushbroom Sensor Tour GuideInt
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The Custom tab is where you select
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The image is listedin the Image Nam
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Click OK3. Review the fields in the
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Click OKClickImage LayerNOTE: An ex
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Collect GCPsIn this section, you ar
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5. Move the cursor into the Detail
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4. Click the Create Point icon .5.
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6. Check your point coordinates. Th
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2. Using the following table, type
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Collect Point ID 9 Figure 58: Locat
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The new reference image is added to
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6. Check your point coordinates. Th
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Set the VerticalReference SourceTo
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Set Type and UsageUp until this poi
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2. Click in the red column labeled
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Use the locations of the points in
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4. Click the approximate point in t
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The Z value is updated, makingthe c
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Check Tie Point AccuracyYou should
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The value 15 is used because the re
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The Ext. columns are green, indicat
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Click this checkbox so that the sec
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The highlighted ortho is indicated
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If you wish, you can click the View
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Steps have been executed; the block
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GCP Map Coordinates GCPs are accura
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Stereo Point Measurement Tool TourG
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If you are not prompted and the Cla
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Check DeviceSetupIf you have a digi
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12. Click Close in the Devices dial
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6. Click the Create Point icon in t
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Use the stereoview to locatethe poi
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4. Click the Create Point icon in t
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11. Compare your image point X and
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Each check point now has image coor
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Practical ApplicationsLPS Project M
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Getting Started with LPS Project Ma
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LPS Project ManagerOnce you click t
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Frame cameras, digital cameras, vid
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Orbital PushbroomThe Orbital Pushbr
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A standard set of existing projecti
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Rotation System SupportLPS Project
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Figure 72: Average Flying Height of
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• Existing photogrammetric workst
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Figure 75: Import Options for Exter
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Figure 77: The LPS Project Manager
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Icons are located on the toolbar at
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Adding Images to the BlockIntroduct
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Five additional columns represent t
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Defining the Camera or Sensor Model
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Figure 84: Image File in the Image
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• Focal length (mm). The focal le
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Fiducials for Digital, Video, and N
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Interior orientation is semi-automa
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Figure 90: Fiducial Orientation of
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The data strip commonly contains in
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Figure 95: Contrast Adjust DialogTh
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• the status of each exterior ori
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The Exterior Orientation Parameter
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Figure 99: CellArray Formula Dialog
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Uses of Model ParametersPolynomial
Page 315 and 316:
The software looks for the RPC file
Page 317 and 318:
Measuring GCPs, Check Points, and T
Page 319 and 320:
Figure 108: Set Data Scaling Dialog
Page 321 and 322:
A check point is used to independen
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Defining theStatistical Qualityof G
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2. Select the Image Layer option in
Page 327 and 328:
7. Within the Right View tools grou
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Automatic Tie Point CollectionIntro
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Performing Automatic TiePoint Colle
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Table 8: Photography Scale and Asso
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• coefficient limit (0 to 0.99)
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t1t2∆aah∆dd∆d =∆d =--------
Page 339 and 340:
Figure 119: Kappa as a Function1 Im
Page 341 and 342:
Block TriangulationIntroductionBloc
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• X, Y, and Z coordinates of the
Page 345 and 346:
It is advantageous to assign unique
Page 347 and 348:
SCBA is most commonly used in the f
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Different UnweightedCorrectionsThis
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Figure 124: Advanced Options Tab of
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Statistical constraints can be assi
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• RMS error of the check point ph
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......Six affine transformation par
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If the exterior orientation paramet
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Interior Orientation ParametersThe
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Check Point ResidualsCheck points a
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.2041 1.9419 1.6884 3.0368 3.9804 2
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Figure 125: A GCP Configuration for
Page 369 and 370:
• Map space. This display mode di
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The reason that we consider only k
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02x max2y max+= -------------------
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Figure 129: Advanced Options Tab of
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The x and y image coordinate residu
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y: 3.69353383e+0061.13621691e+0032.
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The information for each image coor
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gcp 1 0.00006974 -0.00020760-0.0710
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OrthorectificationIntroductionThe o
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In the case of adding a single imag
Page 389 and 390:
Once the settings are accurate, you
Page 391 and 392:
AppendicesLPS Project Manager/ 371
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Batch ProcessingIntroductionWhen yo
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Execute MultipleFiles/SingleCommand
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Other BatchApplicationsAfter you ha
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ReferencesIntroductionReferences an
Page 401 and 402:
von Bündelblockausgleichungen.”
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http://www.atlas.gc.ca/english/cart
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Columbia, 1997.Yang and Williams 19
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Photogrammetric GlossaryAbbreviatio
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TermsAAdditional parameter (AP). In
Page 411 and 412:
Block of photographs. Formed by the
Page 413 and 414:
Coordinate system. “A system, bas
Page 415 and 416:
See alsoDigital photogrammetryDigit
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Free-weighted iterative adjustment.
Page 419 and 420:
Konrady coefficients. Coefficients
Page 421 and 422:
Orientation angle. The angle betwee
Page 423 and 424:
Redundancy. In a block of data, the
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Stereopair. A set of two remotely-s
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IndexSymbols.blk file 72, 136, 171.
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Model Setup 72, 136, 172Ortho Resam
Page 431 and 432:
Interior Orientation tab (fiducial
Page 433 and 434:
Select Point icon 182, 183, 186Self
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