Leica Photogrammetry Suite Project Manager

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Next Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241Practical Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243Getting Started with LPS Project Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . .245Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245What is a Block? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245Geometric Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248Cameras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249Pushbroom Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250RPC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251Mixed Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251Reference Coordinate System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252Defining Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254Defining Frame-specific Information . . . . . . . . . .254Rotation System Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255Photographic Direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255Average Flying Height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256Importing Exterior Orientation Parameters . . . . . . . . . 258Why Import Exterior Orientation Parameters? . . . . . . . 259Project Setup for Sensor Models . . . . . . . . . . . . .264The LPS Project Manager Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264Adding Images to the Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267Adding Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267Add Multiple Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267LPS CellArray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267Creating Pyramid Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270Defining the Camera or Sensor Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271Interior and Exterior Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . .271Attaching One Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272Attaching Multiple Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273Defining or Editing Camera Information . . . . . . .273Interior Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .278Frame Cameras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279Fiducial Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280Interior Orientation CellArray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283Image Enhancement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283Fiducial Mark Residuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285Defining Exterior Information of an Image . . . . .286LPS Project ManagerTable of Contents / viii
Editing Exterior Information for Multiple Images . . . . . .288Editing Statistical and Status Information . . . . . . . . . .290Measuring GCPs, Check Points, and Tie Points . . . . . . . . . . 297Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297Point Measurement Views. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298Image Enhancement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298Defining the Usage of GCPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300Importing Ground Coordinates Using the CellArray . . . .301Exporting Ground Coordinates Using the CellArray . . . .302Defining the Statistical Quality of GCPs . . . . . . . 303Collecting Horizontal Reference GCPs . . . . . . . . . . . . .304Collecting Vertical Reference GCPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .305Collecting GCPs on Multiple Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306Collecting GCPs on Multiple Strips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307Automatic Tie Point Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309Minimum Input Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310Performing Automatic Tie Point Collection: An AlternativeSolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311Optimizing Automatic Tie Point Collection . . . . . . . . . . .314Performing Automatic Tie Point Collection on Color Imagery317Troubleshooting Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318Block Triangulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321Aerial Triangulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321Convergence Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322Accuracy Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322Optimizing Aerial Triangulation Using Statistical Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323Assigning Statistical Weights to Image/Photo-coordinates .323Assigning Statistical Weights to GCPs . . . . . . . . . . . . .324Assigning Statistical Weights to Exterior Orientation . . .325SCBA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326Fixed For All Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .327Same Weighted Corrections For All . . . . . . . . . . . .328Different Weighted Corrections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .328Same Unweighted Corrections For All . . . . . . . . . .328Different Unweighted Corrections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .329Optimizing the SCBA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .329Estimating AP for SCBA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .330Automated Gross Error Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . 333Understanding the Aerial Triangulation Report . . . . . . .334Update Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335Accept Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335LPS Project ManagerTable of Contents / ix
Page 1 and 2: Leica PhotogrammetrySuiteProject Ma
Page 3 and 4: Table of ContentsTable of Contents
Page 5 and 6: Prepare the Block File . . . . . .
Page 7: Generate Pyramid Layers . . . . . .
Page 11 and 12: References. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 13 and 14: List of FiguresFigure 1: Topography
Page 15 and 16: Figure 104: Sensor Tab for IKONOS S
Page 17 and 18: List of TablesTable 1: LPS Menu Bar
Page 19 and 20: PrefaceAbout This ManualThe Leica P
Page 21 and 22: IntroductionLPS Project Manager/ 1
Page 23 and 24: Introduction to LPS Project Manager
Page 25 and 26: LPS ProjectManagerFunctionalityTria
Page 27 and 28: Airborne GPS and inertial navigatio
Page 29 and 30: ToolbarThe following icons are loca
Page 31 and 32: Photogrammetric TheoryLPS Project M
Page 33 and 34: Introduction to PhotogrammetryIntro
Page 35 and 36: Figure 3: LPS Project Manager Point
Page 37 and 38: See “The Collinearity Equation”
Page 39 and 40: Classic aerial triangulation using
Page 41 and 42: Each photograph or image that is ex
Page 43 and 44: Scanning ResolutionsOne of the prim
Page 45 and 46: Coordinate SystemsConceptually, pho
Page 47 and 48: Geocentric and Topocentric Coordina
Page 49 and 50: • principal point• focal length
Page 51 and 52: For more information, see “Fiduci
Page 53 and 54: Figure 16: Omega, Phi, and Kappazyz
Page 55 and 56: Figure 19: Tertiary Rotation Kappa
Page 57 and 58: In order for the image and ground v
Page 59 and 60:
Space ForwardIntersectionSpace forw
Page 61 and 62:
Figure 21: Photogrammetric Configur
Page 63 and 64:
X o2, Y o2, Zo 2If three GCPs have
Page 65 and 66:
A = the matrix containing the parti
Page 67 and 68:
The effect of the automatic error d
Page 69 and 70:
Figure 23 illustrates the GCP confi
Page 71 and 72:
Another issue of automated triangul
Page 73 and 74:
aaρ=∑i,j∑i,jIn the above equat
Page 75 and 76:
Relation-based MatchingImage Pyrami
Page 77 and 78:
Figure 28: Perspective Centers of S
Page 79 and 80:
Figure 30: Interior Orientation of
Page 81 and 82:
Figure 31: Inclination of a Satelli
Page 83 and 84:
• the changes of angles along the
Page 85 and 86:
Figure 35: OrthorectificationImageD
Page 87 and 88:
LPS Project Manager Tour GuidesLPS
Page 89 and 90:
Frame Camera Tour GuideIntroduction
Page 91 and 92:
Access LPS toolsusing the toolbarTh
Page 93 and 94:
Click the Setbutton to openthe Proj
Page 95 and 96:
Next, you choose the images that ma
Page 97 and 98:
Click the lastfile in therange to a
Page 99 and 100:
Click OK tostart computingpyramid l
Page 101 and 102:
Add Fiducial Marks1. Click the Fidu
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A Main View opens on top of the Fra
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LPS Project Manager movesto the nex
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LPS Project Manager returnsto the f
Page 109 and 110:
The Image File Name on the Sensor t
Page 111 and 112:
This is the reference CellArray: re
Page 113 and 114:
Specify the Type and Usage1. Click
Page 115 and 116:
1. Using Figure 46 on page 130 as a
Page 117 and 118:
Collect Point ID 1003 in col91p1Now
Page 119 and 120:
1. In the Point Measurement tool pa
Page 121 and 122:
Collect Point ID 1005The next contr
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3. Click in the Point ID column and
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Collect Point ID 2001Like control p
Page 127 and 128:
2. Click in the Usage column to acc
Page 129 and 130:
All of the Point IDs are listedin t
Page 131 and 132:
After the tie point generation proc
Page 133 and 134:
Perform AerialTriangulationNow that
Page 135 and 136:
Check the ResultsScroll to see allo
Page 137 and 138:
These are the photo or image coordi
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The Ext. column is green, indicatin
Page 141 and 142:
Resample methoddisplays hereTo add
Page 143 and 144:
You can also use the Project Graphi
Page 145 and 146:
Select multiple imagesto add to the
Page 147 and 148:
Click on the sliderand move the mou
Page 149 and 150:
Reference ImagesFigure 45: Referenc
Page 151 and 152:
Figure 47: Reference Image of col92
Page 153 and 154:
Digital Camera Tour GuideIntroducti
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
The information you supply inthe Cu
Page 159 and 160:
Select the .datfile for exteriorori
Page 161 and 162:
Add Imagery tothe BlockThe CellArra
Page 163 and 164:
You are returned to the LPS Project
Page 165 and 166:
You can savethis camerainformationf
Page 167 and 168:
Pixel size is applied to all images
Page 169 and 170:
1. On the LPS Project Manager toolb
Page 171 and 172:
Click the Distribution tab3. In the
Page 173 and 174:
4. Click the Close button in the Po
Page 175 and 176:
12. Click the Report button in the
Page 177 and 178:
The Point IDs are listed below each
Page 179 and 180:
Select the image to display in the
Page 181 and 182:
The Add Multiple Outputs dialog ope
Page 183 and 184:
The highlighted ortho is indicated
Page 185 and 186:
The imagesoverlap hereUse the Swipe
Page 187 and 188:
Columns are green; the project is c
Page 189 and 190:
SPOT Pushbroom Sensor Tour GuideInt
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
The Custom tab is where you select
Page 195 and 196:
The image is listedin the Image Nam
Page 197 and 198:
Click OK3. Review the fields in the
Page 199 and 200:
Click OKClickImage LayerNOTE: An ex
Page 201 and 202:
Collect GCPsIn this section, you ar
Page 203 and 204:
5. Move the cursor into the Detail
Page 205 and 206:
4. Click the Create Point icon .5.
Page 207 and 208:
6. Check your point coordinates. Th
Page 209 and 210:
2. Using the following table, type
Page 211 and 212:
Collect Point ID 9 Figure 58: Locat
Page 213 and 214:
The new reference image is added to
Page 215 and 216:
6. Check your point coordinates. Th
Page 217 and 218:
Set the VerticalReference SourceTo
Page 219 and 220:
Set Type and UsageUp until this poi
Page 221 and 222:
2. Click in the red column labeled
Page 223 and 224:
Use the locations of the points in
Page 225 and 226:
4. Click the approximate point in t
Page 227 and 228:
The Z value is updated, makingthe c
Page 229 and 230:
Check Tie Point AccuracyYou should
Page 231 and 232:
The value 15 is used because the re
Page 233 and 234:
The Ext. columns are green, indicat
Page 235 and 236:
Click this checkbox so that the sec
Page 237 and 238:
The highlighted ortho is indicated
Page 239 and 240:
If you wish, you can click the View
Page 241 and 242:
Steps have been executed; the block
Page 243 and 244:
GCP Map Coordinates GCPs are accura
Page 245 and 246:
Stereo Point Measurement Tool TourG
Page 247 and 248:
If you are not prompted and the Cla
Page 249 and 250:
Check DeviceSetupIf you have a digi
Page 251 and 252:
12. Click Close in the Devices dial
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6. Click the Create Point icon in t
Page 255 and 256:
Use the stereoview to locatethe poi
Page 257 and 258:
4. Click the Create Point icon in t
Page 259 and 260:
11. Compare your image point X and
Page 261 and 262:
Each check point now has image coor
Page 263 and 264:
Practical ApplicationsLPS Project M
Page 265 and 266:
Getting Started with LPS Project Ma
Page 267 and 268:
LPS Project ManagerOnce you click t
Page 269 and 270:
Frame cameras, digital cameras, vid
Page 271 and 272:
Orbital PushbroomThe Orbital Pushbr
Page 273 and 274:
A standard set of existing projecti
Page 275 and 276:
Rotation System SupportLPS Project
Page 277 and 278:
Figure 72: Average Flying Height of
Page 279 and 280:
• Existing photogrammetric workst
Page 281 and 282:
Figure 75: Import Options for Exter
Page 283 and 284:
Figure 77: The LPS Project Manager
Page 285 and 286:
Icons are located on the toolbar at
Page 287 and 288:
Adding Images to the BlockIntroduct
Page 289 and 290:
Five additional columns represent t
Page 291 and 292:
Defining the Camera or Sensor Model
Page 293 and 294:
Figure 84: Image File in the Image
Page 295 and 296:
• Focal length (mm). The focal le
Page 297 and 298:
Fiducials for Digital, Video, and N
Page 299 and 300:
Interior orientation is semi-automa
Page 301 and 302:
Figure 90: Fiducial Orientation of
Page 303 and 304:
The data strip commonly contains in
Page 305 and 306:
Figure 95: Contrast Adjust DialogTh
Page 307 and 308:
• the status of each exterior ori
Page 309 and 310:
The Exterior Orientation Parameter
Page 311 and 312:
Figure 99: CellArray Formula Dialog
Page 313 and 314:
Uses of Model ParametersPolynomial
Page 315 and 316:
The software looks for the RPC file
Page 317 and 318:
Measuring GCPs, Check Points, and T
Page 319 and 320:
Figure 108: Set Data Scaling Dialog
Page 321 and 322:
A check point is used to independen
Page 323 and 324:
Defining theStatistical Qualityof G
Page 325 and 326:
2. Select the Image Layer option in
Page 327 and 328:
7. Within the Right View tools grou
Page 329 and 330:
Automatic Tie Point CollectionIntro
Page 331 and 332:
Performing Automatic TiePoint Colle
Page 333 and 334:
Table 8: Photography Scale and Asso
Page 335 and 336:
• coefficient limit (0 to 0.99)
Page 337 and 338:
t1t2∆aah∆dd∆d =∆d =--------
Page 339 and 340:
Figure 119: Kappa as a Function1 Im
Page 341 and 342:
Block TriangulationIntroductionBloc
Page 343 and 344:
• X, Y, and Z coordinates of the
Page 345 and 346:
It is advantageous to assign unique
Page 347 and 348:
SCBA is most commonly used in the f
Page 349 and 350:
Different UnweightedCorrectionsThis
Page 351 and 352:
Figure 124: Advanced Options Tab of
Page 353 and 354:
Statistical constraints can be assi
Page 355 and 356:
• RMS error of the check point ph
Page 357 and 358:
......Six affine transformation par
Page 359 and 360:
If the exterior orientation paramet
Page 361 and 362:
Interior Orientation ParametersThe
Page 363 and 364:
Check Point ResidualsCheck points a
Page 365 and 366:
.2041 1.9419 1.6884 3.0368 3.9804 2
Page 367 and 368:
Figure 125: A GCP Configuration for
Page 369 and 370:
• Map space. This display mode di
Page 371 and 372:
The reason that we consider only k
Page 373 and 374:
02x max2y max+= -------------------
Page 375 and 376:
Figure 129: Advanced Options Tab of
Page 377 and 378:
The x and y image coordinate residu
Page 379 and 380:
y: 3.69353383e+0061.13621691e+0032.
Page 381 and 382:
The information for each image coor
Page 383 and 384:
gcp 1 0.00006974 -0.00020760-0.0710
Page 385 and 386:
OrthorectificationIntroductionThe o
Page 387 and 388:
In the case of adding a single imag
Page 389 and 390:
Once the settings are accurate, you
Page 391 and 392:
AppendicesLPS Project Manager/ 371
Page 393 and 394:
Batch ProcessingIntroductionWhen yo
Page 395 and 396:
Execute MultipleFiles/SingleCommand
Page 397 and 398:
Other BatchApplicationsAfter you ha
Page 399 and 400:
ReferencesIntroductionReferences an
Page 401 and 402:
von Bündelblockausgleichungen.”
Page 403 and 404:
http://www.atlas.gc.ca/english/cart
Page 405 and 406:
Columbia, 1997.Yang and Williams 19
Page 407 and 408:
Photogrammetric GlossaryAbbreviatio
Page 409 and 410:
TermsAAdditional parameter (AP). In
Page 411 and 412:
Block of photographs. Formed by the
Page 413 and 414:
Coordinate system. “A system, bas
Page 415 and 416:
See alsoDigital photogrammetryDigit
Page 417 and 418:
Free-weighted iterative adjustment.
Page 419 and 420:
Konrady coefficients. Coefficients
Page 421 and 422:
Orientation angle. The angle betwee
Page 423 and 424:
Redundancy. In a block of data, the
Page 425 and 426:
Stereopair. A set of two remotely-s
Page 427 and 428:
IndexSymbols.blk file 72, 136, 171.
Page 429 and 430:
Model Setup 72, 136, 172Ortho Resam
Page 431 and 432:
Interior Orientation tab (fiducial
Page 433 and 434:
Select Point icon 182, 183, 186Self
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