C# in Depth

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contentsforeword xviipreface xixacknowledgments xxiabout this book xxiiiabout the cover illustration xxviiicomments from the tech review xxixPART 1 PREPARING FOR THE JOURNEY ...........................11The changing face of C# development 31.1 Evolution in action: examples of code change 4Defining the Product type 5 ■ Sorting products byname 8 ■ Querying collections 11 ■ Representingan unknown price 13 ■ LINQ and query expressions 141.2 A brief history of C# (and related technologies) 18The world before C# 18 ■ C# and .NET are born 19Minor updates with .NET 1.1 and the first major step:.NET 2.0 20 ■ “Next generation” products 21Historical perspective and the fight for developersupport 22ixLicensed to Rhona Hadida
xCONTENTS1.3 The .NET platform 24Distinguishing between language, runtime, andlibraries 25 ■ Untangling version number chaos 261.4 Fully functional code in snippet form 28Snippets and their expansions 28 ■ Introducing Snippy 301.5 Summary 312Core foundations: building on C# 1 322.1 Delegates 33A recipe for simple delegates 34 ■ Combining and removingdelegates 38 ■ A brief diversion into events 40 ■ Summaryof delegates 412.2 Type system characteristics 42C#’s place in the world of type systems 42 ■ When isC# 1’s type system not rich enough? 45 ■ When does C# 1’stype system get in the way? 47 ■ Summary of type systemcharacteristics 482.3 Value types and reference types 48Values and references in the real world 49 ■ Value and referencetype fundamentals 50 ■ Dispelling myths 51 ■ Boxing andunboxing 53 ■ Summary of value types and reference types 542.4 C# 2 and 3: new features on a solid base 54Features related to delegates 54 ■ Features related to the typesystem 56 ■ Features related to value types 582.5 Summary 59PART 2 C# 2: SOLVING THE ISSUES OF C# 1 ............... 613Parameterized typing with generics 633.1 Why generics are necessary 643.2 Simple generics for everyday use 65Learning by example: a generic dictionary 66 ■ Generictypes and type parameters 67 ■ Generic methods andreading generic declarations 713.3 Beyond the basics 74Type constraints 75 ■ Type inference for type argumentsof generic methods 79 ■ Implementing generics 81Licensed to Rhona Hadida
Page 2 and 3: C# in DepthLicensed to Rhona Hadida
Page 4: C# in DepthJON SKEETMANNINGGreenwic
Page 7 and 8: Licensed to Rhona Hadida
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Page 13 and 14: xiiCONTENTS5.4 Inline delegate acti
Page 15 and 16: xivCONTENTS9.4 Changes to type infe
Page 17 and 18: xviCONTENTS13.2 Delegation as the n
Page 19 and 20: xviiiFOREWORDOf the latter kind, th
Page 21 and 22: xxPREFACEdidn’t start using C#2 u
Page 23 and 24: xxiiACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe aforemention
Page 25 and 26: xxivABOUT THIS BOOKwant to become e
Page 27 and 28: xxviABOUT THIS BOOKSQL statements.
Page 29 and 30: about the cover illustrationThe cap
Page 31 and 32: xxxCOMMENTS FROM THE TECH REVIEWThi
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 1 presents a bird’s-eye v
Page 35 and 36: 4 CHAPTER 1 The changing face of C#
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30 CHAPTER 1 The changing face of C
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Core foundations:building on C# 1Th
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34 CHAPTER 2 Core foundations: buil
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C# 2 and 3: new features on a solid
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C# 2 and 3: new features on a solid
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Summary59Listing 2.7 shows a number
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Part 2C#2:solving the issuesof C#1I
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Parameterizedtyping with genericsTh
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Simple generics for everyday use65o
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Simple generics for everyday use67I
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Simple generics for everyday use69t
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Simple generics for everyday use71N
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Simple generics for everyday use73}
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Beyond the basics75parameters. You
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Beyond the basics77NOTEC# vs. CLI s
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Beyond the basics79combined togethe
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Beyond the basics813.3.3 Implementi
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Beyond the basics83derive from a pa
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Advanced generics85implement IEquat
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Advanced generics87within another,
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Advanced generics89ArrayListobject[
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Advanced generics91}{}return new Co
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Advanced generics93Listing 3.10Usin
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Advanced generics95REFLECTING GENER
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Generic collection classes in .NET
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Limitations of generics in C# and o
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Summary111My personal opinion is th
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What do you do when you just don’
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System.Nullable and System.Nullable
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C# 2’s syntactic sugar for nullab
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Novel uses of nullable types131part
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Novel uses of nullable types133else
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Novel uses of nullable types135}{}i
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Fast-tracked delegatesThis chapter
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Saying goodbye to awkward delegate
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Covariance and contravariance141met
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Covariance and contravariance143som
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Inline delegate actions with anonym
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Capturing variables in anonymous me
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Implementingiterators the easy wayT
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C# 1: the pain of handwritten itera
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C# 2: simple iterators with yield s
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Real-life example: iterating over r
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Pseudo-synchronous code with the Co
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Summary181(without using a dedicate
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Concluding C# 2:the final featuresT
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Partial types185C# 2 allows more th
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Partial types187code generator can
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Partial types189Listing 7.2A partia
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Static classes191}public static str
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Namespace aliases193same syntax is
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Namespace aliases195Listing 7.6usin
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Pragma directives197}}Console.Write
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Fixed-size buffers in unsafe code19
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Exposing internal members to select
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Exposing internal members to select
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Part 3C# 3—revolutionizinghow we
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Cutting fluffwith a smart compilerT
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Automatically implemented propertie
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Implicit typing of local variables2
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Implicit typing of local variables2
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Simplified initialization215simple
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Simplified initialization217The par
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Simplified initialization219CREATIN
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Simplified initialization221Home =
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Implicitly typed arrays2238.4 Impli
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Anonymous types225new { Name = "Hol
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Anonymous types227That certainly wo
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Summary229typed local variables—a
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Lambda expressions and expression t
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Lambda expressions as delegates233L
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Simple examples using List and even
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Simple examples using List and even
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Expression trees239code to run on y
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Expression trees241So, what’s the
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Expression trees243the tree and how
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Changes to type inference and overl
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Summary253find the better conversio
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Extension methodsThis chapter cover
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Life before extension methods257Sys
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Extension method syntax259extension
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Extension method syntax26110.2.3 Ho
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Extension methods in .NET 3.5263pub
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Extension methods in .NET 3.5265ret
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Extension methods in .NET 3.5267as
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Extension methods in .NET 3.5269Now
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Usage ideas and guidelines271extens
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Usage ideas and guidelines273those
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Query expressionsand LINQ to Object
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Introducing LINQ277the extension me
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Introducing LINQ279Figure 11.1 show
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Introducing LINQ281flexible. In par
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Simple beginnings: selecting elemen
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Filtering and ordering a sequence29
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Filtering and ordering a sequence29
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Let clauses and transparent identif
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Joins29711.5 JoinsEach part of the
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Joins299from defect inSampleData.Al
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Joins30111.5.2 Group joins with joi
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Joins303foreach (var grouped in que
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Joins305from user inSampleData.AllU
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Groupings and continuations307In ju
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Groupings and continuations309from
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Groupings and continuations311perso
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Summary31311.7 SummaryIn this chapt
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LINQ to SQL315LINQ to DataSet and L
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LINQ to SQL317■ I changed the typ
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LINQ to SQL319each of type Table fo
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LINQ to SQL321FROM [dbo].[Defect] A
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LINQ to SQL323FROM [dbo].[Notificat
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LINQ to SQL325using (var context =
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Translations using IQueryable and I
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LINQ to DataSet335where defect.Fiel
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LINQ to DataSet337Creating and popu
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LINQ to XML339■ Create a document
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LINQ to XML341You can nest query ex
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LINQ to XML343need the string form,
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LINQ beyond .NET 3.5345Listing 12.1
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LINQ beyond .NET 3.5347LINQ TO ACTI
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LINQ beyond .NET 3.5349All of the L
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Summary351you look back at all the
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The changing nature of language pre
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Delegation as the new inheritance35
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Life in a parallel universe357Array
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appendix:LINQ standardquery operato
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Conversion361Cast and OfType conver
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Equality operations363A.4 Element o
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Joins365A.7 GroupingThere are two g
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Quantifiers367Table A.9Partitioning
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Sorting369For the examples of these
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indexSymbols!= 82with generics 76#p
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INDEX 373C# (continued)influences 1
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INDEX 375confusion 150, 222over cap
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INDEX 377Document Object Model (DOM
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INDEX 379fully qualified type name
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INDEX 381interfaces (continued)no c
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INDEX 383List`1 93lists 278local va
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INDEX 385Nullable (continued)Value
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INDEX 387RRails 22random access 102
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INDEX 389Standard Query Operators (
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INDEX 391type parameters (continued
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C# in Depth

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