C# in Depth

INDEX 385Nullable (continued)Value property 116wrapping and unwrapping 117nullity check 149NullReferenceException 82, 118–119, 262numbers 272numeric constraints 106numeric types 125Oobject creation 215object initializers 215–218, 283, 355object orientation, indirection 38Object Relational Mapping (ORM) 22, 351Entity Framework 348LINQ to SQL 314, 325NHibernate 345use of partial types 187Object Services 348object-orientation 20object-oriented data model 276, 300objectslocation in memory 51parameter passing 52ObjectSpaces 22obscure code 214Office 2007 21OfType. See Standard Query Operators, OfTypeopen source 345open types 68closed at execution time 93operands, of null coalescing operator 128operator constraints 106operators 108, 191default. See default value expressionstypeof. See typeof operatoroptimization 109, 242, 266of join ... select 300Option Explicit 47Option Strict 47, 355optional fields 130Oracle 346OrDefault 363OrderBy 10, 237orderby clauses. See query expressions, orderbyclausesOrderBy. See Standard Query Operators, OrderByOrderByDescending. See Standard QueryOperators, OrderByDescendingordering 15, 267, 290grouping 308of object initialization 217ORM. See Object Relational Mapping (ORM)out 234, 258outer sequences 297outer variables 151output parameters 81, 131Output window 198over-engineering 136overkill 12overloaded methods and generics 83overloading 290ambiguity 140, 252changes in C# 3 251–253extension methods 261GroupBy 310of Add method 220PP/Invoke 199pairs of values 83parallel computing 358Parallel Extensions 349, 357Parallel LINQ (PLINQ) 315, 349, 357ParallelEnumerable 349parallelism 179, 357parallelization 313parameter 52covariance 230passing 51–52type contravariance XE 47type of object 64types in anonymous method declarations 146parameter wildcarding 149ParameterExpression 243parameterized typing. See genericsParameterizedThreadStart 150, 153parameterless constructors 76, 217entity classes 318parameters 151for delegates 35in expression trees 243positional 217params 20parentheses 234, 339Parse 342partial 185classes 317comparisons 134methods 188, 318modifier 189types 184–190, 258PartialComparer 135partition of the Common Language Infrastructurespecification 25partitioning. See Standard Query Operators,partitioningpass by reference. See parameter passingLicensed to Rhona Hadida