C# in Depth

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Part 2C#2:solving the issuesof C#1In part 1 we took a quick look at a few of the features of C# 2. Now it’s time todo the job properly. We’ll see how C# 2 fixes various problems that developersran into when using C# 1, and how C# 2 makes existing features more useful bystreamlining them. This is no mean feat, and life with C# 2 is much more pleasantthan with C# 1.The new features in C# 2 have a certain amount of independence. That’s notto say they’re not related at all, of course; many of the features are based on—orat least interact with—the massive contribution that generics make to the language.However, the different topics we’ll look at in the next five chapters don’tcombine into one cohesive whole.The first four chapters of this part cover the biggest new features. We’ll lookat the following:■ Generics-—The most important new feature in C# 2 (and indeed in theCLR for .NET 2.0), generics allow type and method parameterization.■ Nullable types —Value types such as int and DateTime don’t have any conceptof “no value present”—nullable types allow you to represent theabsence of a meaningful value.■ Delegates —Although delegates haven’t changed at the CLR level, C# 2makes them a lot easier to work with. As well as a few simple shortcuts, theintroduction of anonymous methods begins the movement toward a morefunctional style of programming—this trend continues in C# 3.■ Iterators —While using iterators has always been simple in C# with theforeach statement, it’s a pain to implement them in C# 1. The C# 2 compileris happy to build a state machine for you behind the scenes, hiding alot of the complexity involved.Licensed to Rhona Hadida
Having covered the major, complex new features of C# 2 with a chapter dedicated toeach one, chapter 7 rounds off our coverage by covering several simpler features. Simplerdoesn’t necessarily mean less useful, of course: partial types in particular are veryimportant for better designer support in Visual Studio 2005.As you can see, there’s a lot to cover. Take a deep breath, and let’s dive into theworld of generics…Licensed to Rhona Hadida
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C# in DepthLicensed to Rhona Hadida
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C# in DepthJON SKEETMANNINGGreenwic
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Licensed to Rhona Hadida
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Licensed to Rhona Hadida
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xCONTENTS1.3 The .NET platform 24Di
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xiiCONTENTS5.4 Inline delegate acti
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xivCONTENTS9.4 Changes to type infe
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xviCONTENTS13.2 Delegation as the n
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xviiiFOREWORDOf the latter kind, th
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xxPREFACEdidn’t start using C#2 u
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xxiiACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe aforemention
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xxivABOUT THIS BOOKwant to become e
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xxviABOUT THIS BOOKSQL statements.
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about the cover illustrationThe cap
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xxxCOMMENTS FROM THE TECH REVIEWThi
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Chapter 1 presents a bird’s-eye v
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4 CHAPTER 1 The changing face of C#
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Page 41 and 42: 10 CHAPTER 1 The changing face of C
Page 63 and 64: Core foundations:building on C# 1Th
Page 65 and 66: 34 CHAPTER 2 Core foundations: buil
Page 86 and 87: C# 2 and 3: new features on a solid
Page 88 and 89: C# 2 and 3: new features on a solid
Page 90 and 91: Summary59Listing 2.7 shows a number
Page 94 and 95: Parameterizedtyping with genericsTh
Page 96 and 97: Simple generics for everyday use65o
Page 98 and 99: Simple generics for everyday use67I
Page 100 and 101: Simple generics for everyday use69t
Page 102 and 103: Simple generics for everyday use71N
Page 104 and 105: Simple generics for everyday use73}
Page 106 and 107: Beyond the basics75parameters. You
Page 108 and 109: Beyond the basics77NOTEC# vs. CLI s
Page 110 and 111: Beyond the basics79combined togethe
Page 112 and 113: Beyond the basics813.3.3 Implementi
Page 114 and 115: Beyond the basics83derive from a pa
Page 116 and 117: Advanced generics85implement IEquat
Page 118 and 119: Advanced generics87within another,
Page 120 and 121: Advanced generics89ArrayListobject[
Page 122 and 123: Advanced generics91}{}return new Co
Page 124 and 125: Advanced generics93Listing 3.10Usin
Page 126 and 127: Advanced generics95REFLECTING GENER
Page 128 and 129: Generic collection classes in .NET
Page 134 and 135: Limitations of generics in C# and o
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Summary111My personal opinion is th
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What do you do when you just don’
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System.Nullable and System.Nullable
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C# 2’s syntactic sugar for nullab
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Novel uses of nullable types131part
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Novel uses of nullable types133else
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Novel uses of nullable types135}{}i
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Fast-tracked delegatesThis chapter
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Saying goodbye to awkward delegate
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Covariance and contravariance141met
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Covariance and contravariance143som
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Inline delegate actions with anonym
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Capturing variables in anonymous me
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Implementingiterators the easy wayT
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C# 1: the pain of handwritten itera
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C# 2: simple iterators with yield s
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Real-life example: iterating over r
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Pseudo-synchronous code with the Co
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Summary181(without using a dedicate
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Concluding C# 2:the final featuresT
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Partial types185C# 2 allows more th
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Partial types187code generator can
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Partial types189Listing 7.2A partia
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Static classes191}public static str
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Namespace aliases193same syntax is
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Namespace aliases195Listing 7.6usin
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Pragma directives197}}Console.Write
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Fixed-size buffers in unsafe code19
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Exposing internal members to select
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Exposing internal members to select
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Part 3C# 3—revolutionizinghow we
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Cutting fluffwith a smart compilerT
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Automatically implemented propertie
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Implicit typing of local variables2
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Implicit typing of local variables2
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Simplified initialization215simple
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Simplified initialization217The par
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Simplified initialization219CREATIN
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Simplified initialization221Home =
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Implicitly typed arrays2238.4 Impli
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Anonymous types225new { Name = "Hol
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Anonymous types227That certainly wo
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Summary229typed local variables—a
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Lambda expressions and expression t
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Lambda expressions as delegates233L
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Simple examples using List and even
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Simple examples using List and even
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Expression trees239code to run on y
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Expression trees241So, what’s the
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Expression trees243the tree and how
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Changes to type inference and overl
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Summary253find the better conversio
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Extension methodsThis chapter cover
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Life before extension methods257Sys
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Extension method syntax259extension
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Extension method syntax26110.2.3 Ho
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Extension methods in .NET 3.5263pub
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Extension methods in .NET 3.5265ret
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Extension methods in .NET 3.5267as
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Extension methods in .NET 3.5269Now
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Usage ideas and guidelines271extens
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Usage ideas and guidelines273those
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Query expressionsand LINQ to Object
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Introducing LINQ277the extension me
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Introducing LINQ279Figure 11.1 show
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Introducing LINQ281flexible. In par
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Simple beginnings: selecting elemen
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Filtering and ordering a sequence29
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Filtering and ordering a sequence29
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Let clauses and transparent identif
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Joins29711.5 JoinsEach part of the
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Joins299from defect inSampleData.Al
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Joins30111.5.2 Group joins with joi
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Joins303foreach (var grouped in que
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Joins305from user inSampleData.AllU
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Groupings and continuations307In ju
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Groupings and continuations309from
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Groupings and continuations311perso
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Summary31311.7 SummaryIn this chapt
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LINQ to SQL315LINQ to DataSet and L
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LINQ to SQL317■ I changed the typ
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LINQ to SQL319each of type Table fo
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LINQ to SQL321FROM [dbo].[Defect] A
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LINQ to SQL323FROM [dbo].[Notificat
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LINQ to SQL325using (var context =
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Translations using IQueryable and I
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LINQ to DataSet335where defect.Fiel
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LINQ to DataSet337Creating and popu
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LINQ to XML339■ Create a document
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LINQ to XML341You can nest query ex
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LINQ to XML343need the string form,
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LINQ beyond .NET 3.5345Listing 12.1
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LINQ beyond .NET 3.5347LINQ TO ACTI
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LINQ beyond .NET 3.5349All of the L
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Summary351you look back at all the
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The changing nature of language pre
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Delegation as the new inheritance35
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Life in a parallel universe357Array
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appendix:LINQ standardquery operato
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Conversion361Cast and OfType conver
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Equality operations363A.4 Element o
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Joins365A.7 GroupingThere are two g
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Quantifiers367Table A.9Partitioning
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Sorting369For the examples of these
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indexSymbols!= 82with generics 76#p
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INDEX 373C# (continued)influences 1
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INDEX 375confusion 150, 222over cap
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INDEX 377Document Object Model (DOM
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INDEX 379fully qualified type name
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INDEX 381interfaces (continued)no c
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INDEX 383List`1 93lists 278local va
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INDEX 385Nullable (continued)Value
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INDEX 387RRails 22random access 102
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INDEX 389Standard Query Operators (
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INDEX 391type parameters (continued
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C# in Depth

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