C# in Depth

382INDEXlambda expressions (continued)in fluent interfaces 271readability 356role in LINQ 325second phase of type inference 249simplicity 12use when filtering 265Lambda method of Expression class 240LambdaExpression 240, 362language changes 208language designers 113, 128, 136, 183, 204, 253Language INtegrated Query (LINQ) 14, 21,56–57, 288–352C# 2 as stepping stone 160–161core concepts 275–281deferred execution 279functional style 354joins 297Standard Query Operators. See Standard QueryOperatorstype inference 251use of anonymous types 224use of expression trees 239, 244use of extension methods 256, 263, 265use of lambda expressions 231, 235use of projection initializers 226language specificationcollection initializers 220embedded objects 218extended type terminology 258generics 85iterator blocks 172method group conversions 141overload resolution 251pragmas 197query expression pattern 285transparent identifiers 295, 297type inference 248language-lawyer 80languagesadding functionality on nullable types 119different behavior for nullable types 128last in first out 100Last. See Standard Query Operators, LastLastOrDefault. See Standard Query Operators,LastOrDefaultlaziness 214lazy code generation 88lazy loading 325, 337LDAP. See Lightweight Directory Access Protocolleaf nodes 240leaky abstraction 346learning 358left outer joins 301, 323Length 295LessThan 239let clauses. See query expressions, let clausesLibraries 25library changes 208library design 81lifetime of captured variables 154LIFO last in first out 100lifted conversions 124lifted operators 125, 128Lightning 19Lightweight Directory Access Protocol 347limitations of generics 102line breaks 146LinkedList 101LINQ in Action 18, 315, 344LINQ providers 244, 276–277, 281, 292,314, 333, 344LINQ. See Language INtegraged Query (LINQ)LINQ to Active Directory 347LINQ to Amazon 18, 344LINQ to DataSet 315, 334–338LINQ to Entities 348LINQ to NHibernate 345LINQ to Objects 275–313lambda expressions 244using with LINQ to DataSet 333–334, 337using with LINQ to XML 343LINQ to SharePoint 347LINQ to SQL 17, 22, 314–326compared with Entity Framework 348debug visualizer 321implicit joins 323initial population 318–319joins 322model creation 315–318queries 319–324updating data 324–325use of expression trees 244use of IQueryable 330LINQ to XML 16, 315, 338–344LINQ. See Language INtegraged Query (LINQ)Lippert, Eric 106Listcollection initializers 219comparison with ArrayList 88, 96ConvertAll 71, 267, 277Enumerable.ToList 360FindAll 153ForEach 146lambda expressions 235–236unstable sort 369use of delegates in .NET 2.0 160, 356Licensed to Rhona Hadida