C# in Depth

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Summary351you look back at all the new features of C#, you’ll find few that don’t contribute significantlyto LINQ in some way or other. That is part of the reason for this chapter’s existence:to show the connections between all the features.I shouldn’t wax lyrical for too long, though—as well as the upsides of LINQ, we’veseen a few “gotchas.” LINQ will not always allow us to express everything we need in aquery, nor does it hide all the details of the underlying data source. The impedancemismatches that have caused developers so much trouble in the past are still with us:we can reduce their impact with ORM systems and the like, but without a properunderstanding of the query being executed on your behalf, you are likely to run intosignificant issues. In particular, don’t think of LINQ as a way of removing your need tounderstand SQL—just think of it as a way of hiding the SQL when you’re not interestedin the details.Despite the limitations, LINQ is undoubtedly going to play a major part in future .NETdevelopment. In the final chapter, I will look at some of the ways development is likelyto change in the next few years, and the part I believe C# 3 will play in that evolution.Licensed to Rhona Hadida
Elegant codein the new eraThis chapter covers■Reasons for language evolution■ Changes of emphasis for C# 3■■Readability: “what” over “how”Effects of parallel computingYou’ve now seen all the features that C# 3 has to offer, and you’ve had a taste ofsome of the flavors of LINQ available now and in the near future. Hopefully I’vegiven you a feeling for the directions C# 3 might guide you in when coding, and thischapter puts those directions into the context of software development in general.There’s a certain amount of speculation in this chapter. Take everything with agrain of salt—I don’t have a crystal ball, after all, and technology is notoriously difficultto predict. However, the themes are fairly common ones and I am confidentthat they’ll broadly hit the mark, even if the details are completely off.Life is all about learning from our mistakes—and occasionally failing to do so.The software industry has been both innovative and shockingly backward at times.There are elegant new technologies such as C# 3 and LINQ, frameworks that do352Licensed to Rhona Hadida
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C# in DepthLicensed to Rhona Hadida
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C# in DepthJON SKEETMANNINGGreenwic
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Licensed to Rhona Hadida
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Licensed to Rhona Hadida
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xCONTENTS1.3 The .NET platform 24Di
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xiiCONTENTS5.4 Inline delegate acti
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xivCONTENTS9.4 Changes to type infe
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xviCONTENTS13.2 Delegation as the n
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xviiiFOREWORDOf the latter kind, th
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xxPREFACEdidn’t start using C#2 u
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xxiiACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe aforemention
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xxivABOUT THIS BOOKwant to become e
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xxviABOUT THIS BOOKSQL statements.
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about the cover illustrationThe cap
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xxxCOMMENTS FROM THE TECH REVIEWThi
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Chapter 1 presents a bird’s-eye v
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4 CHAPTER 1 The changing face of C#
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10 CHAPTER 1 The changing face of C
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Core foundations:building on C# 1Th
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34 CHAPTER 2 Core foundations: buil
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C# 2 and 3: new features on a solid
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C# 2 and 3: new features on a solid
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Summary59Listing 2.7 shows a number
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Part 2C#2:solving the issuesof C#1I
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Parameterizedtyping with genericsTh
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Simple generics for everyday use65o
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Simple generics for everyday use67I
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Simple generics for everyday use69t
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Simple generics for everyday use71N
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Simple generics for everyday use73}
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Beyond the basics75parameters. You
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Beyond the basics77NOTEC# vs. CLI s
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Beyond the basics79combined togethe
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Beyond the basics813.3.3 Implementi
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Beyond the basics83derive from a pa
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Advanced generics85implement IEquat
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Advanced generics87within another,
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Advanced generics89ArrayListobject[
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Advanced generics91}{}return new Co
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Advanced generics93Listing 3.10Usin
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Advanced generics95REFLECTING GENER
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Generic collection classes in .NET
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Limitations of generics in C# and o
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Summary111My personal opinion is th
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What do you do when you just don’
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System.Nullable and System.Nullable
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C# 2’s syntactic sugar for nullab
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Novel uses of nullable types131part
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Novel uses of nullable types133else
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Novel uses of nullable types135}{}i
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Fast-tracked delegatesThis chapter
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Saying goodbye to awkward delegate
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Covariance and contravariance141met
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Covariance and contravariance143som
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Inline delegate actions with anonym
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Capturing variables in anonymous me
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Implementingiterators the easy wayT
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C# 1: the pain of handwritten itera
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C# 2: simple iterators with yield s
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Real-life example: iterating over r
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Pseudo-synchronous code with the Co
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Summary181(without using a dedicate
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Concluding C# 2:the final featuresT
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Partial types185C# 2 allows more th
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Partial types187code generator can
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Partial types189Listing 7.2A partia
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Static classes191}public static str
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Namespace aliases193same syntax is
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Namespace aliases195Listing 7.6usin
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Pragma directives197}}Console.Write
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Fixed-size buffers in unsafe code19
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Exposing internal members to select
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Exposing internal members to select
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Part 3C# 3—revolutionizinghow we
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Cutting fluffwith a smart compilerT
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Automatically implemented propertie
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Implicit typing of local variables2
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Implicit typing of local variables2
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Simplified initialization215simple
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Simplified initialization217The par
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Simplified initialization219CREATIN
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Simplified initialization221Home =
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Implicitly typed arrays2238.4 Impli
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Anonymous types225new { Name = "Hol
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Anonymous types227That certainly wo
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Summary229typed local variables—a
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Lambda expressions and expression t
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Lambda expressions as delegates233L
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Simple examples using List and even
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Simple examples using List and even
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Expression trees239code to run on y
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Expression trees241So, what’s the
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Expression trees243the tree and how
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Changes to type inference and overl
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Summary253find the better conversio
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Extension methodsThis chapter cover
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Life before extension methods257Sys
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Extension method syntax259extension
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Extension method syntax26110.2.3 Ho
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Extension methods in .NET 3.5263pub
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Extension methods in .NET 3.5265ret
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Extension methods in .NET 3.5267as
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Extension methods in .NET 3.5269Now
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Usage ideas and guidelines271extens
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Usage ideas and guidelines273those
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Query expressionsand LINQ to Object
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Introducing LINQ277the extension me
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Introducing LINQ279Figure 11.1 show
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Introducing LINQ281flexible. In par
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Simple beginnings: selecting elemen
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Filtering and ordering a sequence29
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Filtering and ordering a sequence29
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Let clauses and transparent identif
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Joins29711.5 JoinsEach part of the
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Joins299from defect inSampleData.Al
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Page 358 and 359: Translations using IQueryable and I
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Page 374 and 375: LINQ to XML343need the string form,
Page 376 and 377: LINQ beyond .NET 3.5345Listing 12.1
Page 378 and 379: LINQ beyond .NET 3.5347LINQ TO ACTI
Page 380 and 381: LINQ beyond .NET 3.5349All of the L
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Page 388 and 389: Life in a parallel universe357Array
Page 390 and 391: appendix:LINQ standardquery operato
Page 392 and 393: Conversion361Cast and OfType conver
Page 394 and 395: Equality operations363A.4 Element o
Page 396 and 397: Joins365A.7 GroupingThere are two g
Page 398 and 399: Quantifiers367Table A.9Partitioning
Page 400 and 401: Sorting369For the examples of these
Page 402 and 403: indexSymbols!= 82with generics 76#p
Page 404 and 405: INDEX 373C# (continued)influences 1
Page 406 and 407: INDEX 375confusion 150, 222over cap
Page 408 and 409: INDEX 377Document Object Model (DOM
Page 410 and 411: INDEX 379fully qualified type name
Page 412 and 413: INDEX 381interfaces (continued)no c
Page 414 and 415: INDEX 383List`1 93lists 278local va
Page 416 and 417: INDEX 385Nullable (continued)Value
Page 418 and 419: INDEX 387RRails 22random access 102
Page 420 and 421: INDEX 389Standard Query Operators (
Page 422 and 423: INDEX 391type parameters (continued
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C# in Depth

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