The handbook of Technical irrigaTion informaTion - Hunter Industries

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Handbook of Technical Irrigation InformationApproximate Flow Rates in Simple Looped Main Lines *Length Ratio †Long to ShortFlow RateShort LegFlow RateLong Leg1 to 1 50.0% 50.0%2 to 1 59.4% 40.6%3 to 1 64.4% 35.6%4 to 1 67.8% 32.2%5 to 1 70.4% 29.6%6 to 1 72.4% 27.6%7 to 1 74.0% 26.0%8 to 1 75.4% 24.6%9 to 1 76.6% 23.4%10 to 1 77.6% 22.4%12 to 1 79.2% 20.8%15 to 1 81.2% 18.8%20 to 1 83.4% 16.6%25 to 1 85.0% 15.0%30 to 1 86.2% 13.8%35 to 1 87.2% 12.8%40 to 1 88.0% 12.0%45 to 1 88.6% 11.4%50 to 1 89.2% 10.8%* A simple looped main line would have one inlet and one outlet, and all pipe would be the same size. The typeof pipe does not affect the flow percentages as long as pipe type and size remain constant.† The “Length Ratio” is the ratio of the short leg of the loop to the long leg of the loop. To find the “LengthRatio,” divide the length of the long leg by the length of the short leg.Example:If the long leg is 400 feet and the short leg of the loop is 100 feet, the “Length Ratio” is 4 to 1. With aratio of 4 to 1, the volume of flow in the short leg would be approximately 67.8% and the volume of flowin the long leg would be approximately 32.2% of the total flow.Long Leg of LoopAShort Leg of LoopBExample:The entrance to the loop is at point “A” and the outlet is at point “B”. Point “B” could be thought of asthe location of a remote control valve. In the loop above, the longer side of the loop is about twice aslong as the shorter side. In using the chart above, the ratio of 2:1 would indicate the flow in the shortleg to be approximately 59.4% and the flow in the long leg to be approximately 40.6% of the totalflow in the loop. If the total flow to point “B” is 50 gallons, the flow in the short leg would be approximately29.7 GPM while the flow in the long leg would be approximately 20.3 GPM. Unequal flowrates occur because the pressure losses in each leg of the loop must be equal.58
TablesAverage Number of Sprinklers per AcreSquare and/or Rectangular SpacingSpacing in Feet Heads Per Acre Spacing In Feet Heads Per Acre10 x 10 435.6 30 x 60 24.211 x 11 360.0 40 x 40 27.212 x 12 302.4 40 x 50 21.813 x 13 257.6 40 x 60 18.214 x 14 222.3 40 x 80 13.615 x 15 193.5 50 x 50 17.416 x 16 170.0 50 x 60 14.517 x 17 150.8 50 x 70 12.418 x 18 134.3 50 x 80 10.919 x 19 120.6 60 x 60 12.120 x 20 109.0 60 x 70 10.420 x 30 72.7 60 x 80 9.120 x 40 54.5 70 x 70 8.920 x 50 43.5 70 x 80 7.820 x 60 36.3 70 x 90 6.925 x 25 69.7 80 x 80 6.830 x 30 48.4 80 x 90 6.130 x 40 36.3 80 x 100 5.530 x 50 29.0 100 x 100 4.4Average Number of Sprinklers per AcreEquilateral Triangular SpacingSpacing In Feet Heads Per Acre Spacing In Feet Heads Per Acre10 504 66 11.511 418 68 10.912 348 70 10.313 296 72 9.714 256 74 9.215 224 76 8.716 196 78 8.317 175 80 7.918 155 82 7.519 140 84 7.120 125 86 6.821 114 88 6.522 105 90 6.223 96 92 5.924 87 94 5.725 80 96 5.526 74 98 5.227 69 100 5.028 64 102 4.829 60 104 4.630 56 106 4.532 49 108 4.334 44 110 4.236 39 112 4.038 35 114 3.940 31 116 3.742 28.5 118 3.644 26.0 120 3.546 23.7 122 3.448 21.8 124 3.350 20.0 126 3.252 18.6 128 3.154 17.2 130 3.056 16.0 132 2.958 15.0 134 2.860 14.0 136 2.762 13.1 138 2.664 12.3 140 2.5The theoretical figures above represent the minimum number of sprinklers required to cover a square acre (208.7'x 208.7') with the most economical placement of sprinklers possible. Actual layouts to match individual field conditionsmay require additional sprinklers. This table should only be used for estimating purposes.59
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