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WINE RESEARCH CENTRESteven LundThe Gene in the BottleBy Susan NerbergArticle originally appeared in enRoute Magazine November 2010Dr. Hennie van Vuuren, Director of the Wine Research Centre, wasfeatured in enRoute, Canada’s inflight magazine:“I adore wine,” says van Vuuren as we stroll through the Wine ResearchCentre’s temperature- and humidity-controlled Wine Library andVinotheque, which has space for up to 30,000 bottles in its floor-toceilingredwood racks. “But I react to the histamines in reds and somewhites, so I had to do something.”The vinophile prof set out to create a yeast that would magicallytransmute all, not just some, of the offending acid; in the process, hebeat out other scientists who’d been scratching their heads for threedecades trying to solve the same riddle. Van Vuuren’s team took twogenes from organisms already used in winemaking and added themto the DNA of a commercial yeast. The new, patented yeast – ML01,the world’s first genetically engineered yeast that’s available for sale –ferments the must and converts the malic acid in one fell swoop, for abetter-tasting, headache-free wine.To read the entire article, please visit:http://enroute.aircanada.com/en/articles/the-gene-in-the-bottleViticulture ResearchMaking the best wines starts with growing the best grapes.To advance both processes, the WRC is exploring grapevine biologyat the molecular and biochemical levels.All viticulturists grapple with the fact that fruit quality can vary fromone season to the next – even in the same vineyard block – leadingto inconsistent vintages. But what if science can access the plant’s“black box,” looking at how the vine and berry respond to changingviticulture practices and environmental conditions at the molecularlevel along each season?By unlocking this box through genomics research, viticulturistscould then be provided with new tools – molecular “biomarkers” –that would enable the capture of periodic snapshots of vine healthand berry quality parameters. Canadian growers could potentiallyincrease the net farmgate values for their fruit through fine tuning ofmanagement practices in concert with weather forecasts along eachseason. As well, Canadian winemakers could produce higher qualityvintages in the styles that the individual winemakers desire.A portable, hand-held biomarker tool could prove most efficient foron-site vine monitoring in the vineyard rather than requiring growersto ship samples to an off-site laboratory. As an immediate goal,the WRC is looking at developing a biomarker tool that can easilyshow when a plant is water stressed, and perhaps include pathogendetection. Both situations cause high levels of protein biomarkersfrom plant or pathogen and thus are relatively easy to detect. Thelonger term goal is to develop biomarkers indicative of the berries’ripening state for assessing and forecasting berry quality parametersin the vineyard along each session.While based in genomic sciences, biomarker technology does notinvolve genetic modification of grapevines and is fully compatiblewith organic viticulture practices.Steven Lund, Ph.D. is an Assistant Professor of Viticulture/Plant Omics atthe UBC Wine Research Centre and is an associate faculty member of theUBC Michael Smith Laboratories and the UBC Dept. of Botany.28 Faculty of Land and Food Systems Annual Report 2009 | 2010
PUBLICATIONSKevin AllenAllen, K, Dion Lepp, Robin McKellar and Mansel Griffiths. 2010. Targetedmicroarray analysis of Escherichia coli O157:H7 subjected to nutrientdeprivation. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 109(6):2118-2127.Susan BarrBedford J.L., Linden, W., Barr, S.I. 2010. Negative eating and body attitudesare associated with increased daytime ambulatory blood pressure in healthyyoung women. International Journal of Psychophysiology (in press).Hammond, G., Chapman, G.E., Barr, S.I. 2010. “Balance” or “hoping for thebest”: Women in midlife, food choice systems, and bone health. Journal ofHuman Nutrition and Dietetics. doi:10.1111/j.1365-277X.2010.01125.xBedford, J.L., Prior, J.C., Barr, S.I. 2010. A prospective exploration ofcognitive dietary restraint, subclinical ovulatory disturbances, cortisoland change in bone density over two years in healthy young women.Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 95:3291-9.Green, T.J., Barr, S.I., Chapman, G.E. 2010. The majority ofolder British Columbians use supplements containing vitaminD. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 101:246-250.Langsetmo, L., Poliquin, S., Hanley, D.A., Prior, J.C., Barr, S.I., Anastassiades,T., Towheed, T., Goltzman, D., Kreiger, N. 2010. Dietary patterns in Canadianmen and women ages 25 and older: relationship to demographics, body massindex, and bone mineral density. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 11:20.Bedford, JL, Barr, S.I. 2010. The relationship between 24-hr urinarycortisol and bone in healthy young women. International Journal ofBehavioral Medicine, 17:207-215. DOI 10.1007/s12529-009-9064-2.Barr, S.I. 2010. Reducing dietary sodium intake. The Canadian context.Journal of Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism, 35:1-8.Bedford, J.L, Barr, S.I. Intake of calcium and other nutrients andpeak bone mass. In: Anderson JJB, ed. Calcium and phosphorus inhealth and disease. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2010 (in press).Vaghri, Z, Wong, H, Barr, S.I, Chapman, G.E, Hertzman, C. Populationpatterns of hair zinc; associations of socio-demographic and behavioralvariables with hair zinc of Vancouver preschoolers. In: Advances in Medicineand Biology, Volume 1. Editor, Leon V. Berhardt. ISBM 978-1-60876-863-9. Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Hauppauge, NY, 2010. (in press).Darin BennettBennett, D.C., Cheng, K.M. 2010. Selenium enrichmentof table eggs. Poultry Science, 89:2166-2172.Bennett, D.C., Cheng KM. 2010. Nutritional requirements ofJapanese Quail. Fourth International Symposium and ThirdBrazilian Congress on Quail Production, 173:186.Andy BlackRichardson, A.D., Black, T.A., Ciais, P., Delbart, N., Friedl, M.A., Gobron, N.,Hollinger, D.Y., Kutsch, W.L., Longdoz, B., Luyssaert, S., Migliavacca, M.,Montagnani, L., Munger, W., Moors, E., Piao, S., Rebmann, C., Reichstein, M.,Saigusa, N., Tomelleri, E., Vargas, R., and Varlagin, A. 2010. Influence of springand autumn phenological transitions on forest ecosystem productivity.Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B2010, 365: 3227-3246 doi: 10. 1098/rstb.2010.0102.Chen, B., Coops, N.C., Fu, D., Margolis, H.A., Amiro, B.D., Barr, A.G., Black,T.A., Arain, M.A., Bourque, C. P.-A., Flanagan, L.B., Lafleur, P.M., McCaughey,J.H., Wofsy, S.C. 2010. Assessing eddy-covariance flux tower location biasacross the Fluxnet-Canada Research Network based on remote sensing andfootprint modeling. Agriculture and Forest Meteorology, 150: 87-100Kidston, J., Brümmer, C., Black, T.A., Morgenstern, K., Nesic, Z.,McCaughey, J.H., Barr, A.G. 2010. Energy balance closure using eddycovariance above two different land surfaces and implications for CO2flux measurements. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 136:193–218.Jassal, R.S., Black, T.A., Trofymow, A.J., Roy, R., Nesic, Z., 2010. ForestfloorCO2 and N2O flux dynamics in a nitrogen-fertilized PacificNorthwest Douglas-fir stand. Geoderma, 157: 118-125.Chen, B., Coops, N.C., Black, T.A., Jassal, R.S., Chen, J.M., Johnson, M., 2010.Modeling to discern nitrogen fertilization impacts on carbon sequestrationin a Pacific Northwest Douglas-fir forest in the first-post fertilizationyear. Global Change Biology, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02298.x.Grant, R.F., Jassal, R.S., Black, T.A. 2010. Changes in net CO2 and N2O exchangewith fertilization of Douglas fir: mathematical modelling in ecosys. Journalof Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences, doi:10.1029/2009JG001094.Faculty of Land and Food Systems Annual Report 2009 | 2010 29
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