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AHLFELDT / FEDDERSEN –FROM PERIPHERY TO CORE 3Tab. A1.County characteristics: Study area vs. rest of GermanyStudy areaRest of Germany1996 Mean S.E. Mean S.EPopulation 240,594 14,552 157,219 7,427GDP (1000 €) 5,787,372 549,684 3,533,259 267,128GDP/Worker (€) 71,456 740 70,751 546Share GVA: Construction 2.7% 0.1% 3.7% 0.1%Share GVA: Mining 13.6% 0.5% 13.2% 0.3%Share GVA: Other services 33.7% 0.5% 33.1% 0.3%Share GVA: Retail 9.0% 0.2% 8.8% 0.1%Share GVA: Manufacturing 16.3% 0.5% 16.9% 0.3%Share GVA: Financial services 12.9% 0.3% 12.0% 0.1%Share GVA: Public services 11.8% 0.3% 12.3% 0.2%Notes: Study area includes 115 counties (NUTS3 regions) in the federal states North Rhine-Westphalia,Hesse, and Rhineland-Palatinate. Rest of Germany includes 287 counties.3 Program evaluationThis section complements the program evaluation section in the main paper by providing greaterdetails on the falsification exercises.A – Falsification IWe begin a with a classic “placebo” study. We use exactly the same empirical design as in the baselineestimations to estimate the economic impact of an alternative HSR route that was considered duringthe planning stages but never built. The track would have had three intermediate stops in each of theinvolved federal states and would have passed through the economically and politically relevant citiesof Bonn (the former federal capital located in North Rhine-Westphalia), Koblenz (the largest cityin northern Rhineland-Palatinate) and Wiesbaden (the state capital of Hesse). The exact location ofthese intermediate stops is evident from Figure A2 below. A detailed discussion of alternative routescan be found in Kandler (2002).