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Variable permittivity dielectric material loaded stepped-horn antenna

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12and for the magnetic fieldIn the summation, NTE is the total number of T E modes and NTM is the total number ofTM modes. Total number of modes NT is the sum of NTE and NTM. Here, to reducethe complexity in the notation, in (2.17) and (2.18), i-th waveguide mode numbers mn arereplaced by k and (i + 1)-th waveguide mode numbers mn are replaced by 1.To determine the unknown coefficients, the equation system in (2.17) and (2.18)has to be multiplied by testing functions. The proper choice for the testing functionsfor enforcing the electric field continuity are the transverse magnetic fields of the largerwaveguide and for enforcing the magnetic field continuity are the transverse electric fieldsof the smaller waveguide [18]. Multiplying each side of the electric field in continuityequation (2.17) by hi+¹hI* and hie+, ¹* and integrating over the waveguide cross-section Si ,results in

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