Quote Imperatives - Nijmegen Centre for Semantics

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• reporting imperatives ⇒ direct discourse or infinitival/modal paraphrase(2) John said, “Call my mom!”(3) John {said/told me} to call his mother(4) John {said/demanded/told me} that I should call his motherJapanese(5) Taro-ga [yatu-no uti-ni sugu ko-i] toTaro to his house immediately come-IMP Quotdenwa-o kakete-ki-tamade a phone call‘Taro called me up and said to come to his house right away’• reported imperative ⇒ direct• adjusted indexical ⇒ indirect– Kuno (1988): “blended, quasi-direct discourse”– Oshima (2006): indirect imperative• challenges <strong>for</strong> the Oshima position:German– how to embed a speech act, semantically, under say?– shiftable indexical parameters in imperatives∗ come! ≈ I command you that you must come∗ Taro (=speaker c ′) commanded me (=addressee c ′) that . . .∗ monstrous shifting?(6) Hans hat dir doch gestern schon gesagt, ruf meinen Vater an‘Hans told you already yesterday to call my dad’• embedded/shifted imperative, *complementizer ⇒ direct• other indexicals adjusted ⇒ indirectcf. Schwager (2005)2
English revisited(7) John said call my mom• infinitive?– Who did John say to call at 3pm– *Who did John say call at 3pm• imperative, *wh-move, *complementizer ⇒ direct• indexicals ⇒ indirectcf. Crnic and Trinh (2008)1.2 PreviewPreview• thesis:– embedded imperatives are quoted– following Kuno– against Oshima, Schwager, and Crnic&Trinh• analysis:– Taro said “come!” to his house– Hans hat dir doch gestern schon gesagt, “ruf [meinen]Vater an!”• <strong>for</strong>malization:– Geurts&Maier: mixed quotation as presupposition– Schwager: imperatives as modals– Shan: interjected quotes as mix quoted constructions2 Mixed quotation2.1 Between direct and indirectFour kinds of quotes(8) Otto used the word “fool”(9) Otto said, “You’re a fool”(10) Otto said that I’m a fool(11) Otto said that I’m a “fool”3
Page 1: Quoted imperativesEmar MaierRadboud
Page 5 and 6: Semantics〈Otto says that I am a f
Page 7 and 8: 0B@say(George said that Tony “mis
Page 9 and 10: Xexpress(x, 〈come! . . .〉, X)
Page 11 and 12: 4 Interjection4.1 ShanShan (2007) o
Page 13 and 14: (23) She allowed as how her dog “

Quote Imperatives - Nijmegen Centre for Semantics

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