Quote Imperatives - Nijmegen Centre for Semantics

Mixed quotation(12) Otto said that I’m a “fool”• indirect features:• direct:Formalism– use-inference– grammatical incorporation– ellipsis/anaphora across quotes– mention-inference– indexicals/expressives shift– grammar/spelling/pronunciation errors and non-words retained• syntax+semantics tree grammar G (cf. Potts (2007), Shan (2007))• e.g. 〈I’m a fool, fool(i), t〉 ∈ G• G ⊆ A ∗ × L × T ype– A ∗ = set of finite strings over alphabet A (note: ∩ denotes stringconcatenation)– L = formal language– T ype = set of types∗ basic: e (entities), t (propositions)• composition rule 1: 〈σ 1 ∩ σ 2 , (ϕ 1 (ϕ 2 )), τ 1 〉Example〈σ 1 , ϕ 1 , τ 2 τ 1 〉 〈σ 2 , ϕ 2 , τ 2 〉〈Otto says that I am a fool, (say(fool(i)))(o), t〉〈Otto, o, e〉〈says, say, tet〉〈that, , tt〉〈I, i, e〉〈am a fool, fool, et〉4