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RADIOISOTOPES IN NUCLEAR MEDICINEPATIENT IMAGINGPLANAR AND SPECT:PET STUDIESSINGLE PHOTON γ, x RAYSenergy > 80keV ( 99m Tc- 203 TI etc)POSITRONS e + ( 18 FDG etc)PATIENT THERAPYPARTICULAR RADIATIONelectrons ( 131 I) or alpha particlesIN VITRO STUDIESGAMMA OR ELECTRONSlow energy ( 125 I, 3 H, 14 C)
NUCLEAR MEDICINE IMAGINGSINGLE PHOTON (γ,x)PLANAR /TOMOGRAPHY (SPECT)POSITRON (e + ) EMISSIONTOMOGRAPHY(PET)Single Photon Emmitters:99mTc, 201 Tl, 67 Ga, 131,123 I, 111 InPositron Emitters:18F, 15 O, 13 N, 11 C, 82 Rb, 68 GaAnatomical and FunctionalImagingMetabolic Imagingor Molecular Imaging
Page 2: NUCLEAR MEDICINE IMAGINGandTHERAPY
Page 7: NUCLEAR MEDICINE DETECTORS1) ANGER
Page 10 and 11: HISTORICAL INFORMATION
Page 13 and 14: HUMAN PROGRESS1) SURVIVAL: personal
Page 15 and 16: THE FIRST PHILOSOPHERSObservation:
Page 17 and 18: THE FIRST PHILOSOPHERS LIVED HEREAN
Page 19 and 20: PLATO’S THEORY OFGEOMETRICALOR MA
Page 21 and 22: EPICUROSA PHILOSOPHER OFTHE ROMAN P
Page 23 and 24: ALEXANDER THE GREAT EXPANDED EASTAL
Page 25 and 26: THERE FOLLOWS CHRISTIANITYAND THE M
Page 27 and 28: THE MEDIEVAL TIMESCHRISTIANSMUSLIMS
Page 29 and 30: THE RENAISSANCEIN THE 14 th CENTURY
Page 31 and 32: HISTORYDmitry Ivanovic Mendeleyev 1
Page 33 and 34: RADIATION FROM ELECTRONSTHE DISCOVE
Page 35 and 36: MEDICINE LAGGED BEHIND
Page 37 and 38: THEORIES ABOUTTHE STRUCTURE OF THE
Page 39 and 40: MODERNS TIMESSCIENCE PHILOSOPHY and
Page 41 and 42: IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE WE USERADIOPHAR
Page 43: RADIOPHARMACEUTICALSOrganic or Inor
Page 47 and 48: IMAGING INTRODUCTION
Page 49 and 50: HISTORYRectilinear Scanner1954 Will
Page 51 and 52: HISTORYCyclotronErnest O. Lawrence
Page 53 and 54: NUCLEAR MEDICINE IMAGINGSINGLE PHOT
Page 55 and 56: THE COMBINED PET/CT (GEMINI)PETCT
Page 57 and 58: THE UNIVERSEMATTER (ATOMS etc) ENE
Page 59 and 60: THE UNIVERSE = MATTER+ENERGYMATTER
Page 61: RADIOACTIVE ATOM and RADIATION:radi
Page 64 and 65: RADIATION2) Electromagnetic Radiati
Page 66 and 67: ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
Page 68 and 69: X-RAY SPECTRUM
Page 70 and 71: RADIATION1) Particular Radiation (m
Page 72 and 73: THE ATOMELECTRONSNUCLEUS(NUCLEONS)
Page 74 and 75: NUCLEUSATOMIC # : Z ( p + ), NEUTRO
Page 76 and 77: SHELLS AND SUBSHELLS OF ELECTRONS
Page 79 and 80: ELECTRONSIN DIFFERENT ENERGY CELLS
Page 81 and 82: STANDING PARTICLE WAVES
Page 83 and 84: PARTICLES and ANTIPARTICLES
Page 85 and 86: PARTICLES of the STANDARD MODEL
Page 87 and 88: PARTICLE TRACKS IN BUBBLE CHAMBERPa
Page 89 and 90: NUTRINOS
Page 91 and 92: NUCLEUSZ : ATOMIC # ( p + ), N : NE
Page 93 and 94: NUCLIDES - ATOMS - ELEMENTSΝuclide
Page 95 and 96:
NUCLEUSThere are 3000 nuclides, sta
Page 97 and 98:
LINE OF STABILITY, STABLE/UNSTABLE
Page 99 and 100:
ALPHA DECAY (α ++ )Heavy Nuclides(
Page 101 and 102:
ALPHA DECAY
Page 103 and 104:
BETA DECAY ( β − = e − )Neutro
Page 105 and 106:
BETA-GAMMA DECAY OF 131 I
Page 107 and 108:
THE ENERGY OF THE BETA PARTICLES
Page 109 and 110:
POSITRON DECAY (β + = e + )Proton
Page 112 and 113:
ELECTRON CAPTURE (EC)Proton rich un
Page 115 and 116:
ISOMERIC TRANSITION (IT)Nucleus in
Page 117 and 118:
TECHNETIUM-99m DECAY SCHEME
Page 119 and 120:
MOLYBDENUM/TECHNETIUM GENERATOR
Page 121 and 122:
QUANTIFICATION OF RADIATION
Page 123 and 124:
PHYSICAL HALF LIFE (t 1/2 OR T p )T
Page 125 and 126:
ACTIVITY(A)= DISINTEGRATION RATE(D)
Page 127 and 128:
TRANSIENT EQUILIBRIUM
Page 129 and 130:
FISSION
Page 131:
CHAIN REACTION
Page 134 and 135:
CONTROLLED CHAIN REACTION
Page 136:
THREE MILE ISLAND NUCLEAR POWER PLA
Page 139 and 140:
FUSION REACTOR
Page 141 and 142:
ELEMENTS OF NEW FUSION TECHNOLOGY
Page 143 and 144:
PARTICLE ACCELERATOR
Page 145 and 146:
MONITORING RADIOACTIVITY
Page 147 and 148:
QTPIE
Page 149 and 150:
GEIGER COUNTER
Page 151 and 152:
A DOSE CALIBRATOR
Page 153 and 154:
GEOMETRIC EFICIENCY OF DETECTORS
Page 155 and 156:
SCINTILLATION DETECTOR
Page 157 and 158:
SPECTRUM OF A 662keV GAMMA RAY OF 1
Page 159 and 160:
SPECTRUM OF 81keV gamma ray of 133
Page 161 and 162:
Spillover or Crosstalk
Page 163 and 164:
FULL WIDTH AT HALF MAXIMUM
Page 165 and 166:
PERSONAL DOSIMETER
Page 167 and 168:
INTERFERENCE FROM AC Cs SOURCELymph
Page 169:
QUALITY CONTROL IN NM
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