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RADIOACTIVE DECAY(Unstable => Emission => Stable)NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY (Becquerel 1896)ARTIFICIAL RADIOACTIVITY (Curie/Joliot 1934)Bombardment of stable isotopes with particlesCyclotrons and Reactors, 2,700 radionuclidesMODES OF DECAYAlpha Decay ( α ++ ) 222 Rn => 218 Po + α ++Beta Decay ( β − ) 131 I => 131 Xe + β − + γ + νPositron Emission ( β + ) 18 F => 18 O + β + + νElectron Capture ( EC ) 111 In + e - => 111 Cd + x + νIsomeric Transition (IT) 99m Tc => 99 Tc + γ
ALPHA DECAY (α ++ )Heavy Nuclides(x)p (y)n => (x-2)p (y-2)n + αZ Daughter = (Z Parent –2)
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NUCLEAR MEDICINE IMAGINGandTHERAPY
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NUCLEAR MEDICINE DETECTORS1) ANGER
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HISTORICAL INFORMATION
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HUMAN PROGRESS1) SURVIVAL: personal
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THE FIRST PHILOSOPHERSObservation:
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THE FIRST PHILOSOPHERS LIVED HEREAN
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PLATO’S THEORY OFGEOMETRICALOR MA
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EPICUROSA PHILOSOPHER OFTHE ROMAN P
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ALEXANDER THE GREAT EXPANDED EASTAL
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THERE FOLLOWS CHRISTIANITYAND THE M
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THE MEDIEVAL TIMESCHRISTIANSMUSLIMS
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THE RENAISSANCEIN THE 14 th CENTURY
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HISTORYDmitry Ivanovic Mendeleyev 1
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RADIATION FROM ELECTRONSTHE DISCOVE
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MEDICINE LAGGED BEHIND
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THEORIES ABOUTTHE STRUCTURE OF THE
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MODERNS TIMESSCIENCE PHILOSOPHY and
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IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE WE USERADIOPHAR
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RADIOPHARMACEUTICALSOrganic or Inor
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NUCLEAR MEDICINE IMAGINGSINGLE PHOT
Page 47 and 48: IMAGING INTRODUCTION
Page 49 and 50: HISTORYRectilinear Scanner1954 Will
Page 51 and 52: HISTORYCyclotronErnest O. Lawrence
Page 53 and 54: NUCLEAR MEDICINE IMAGINGSINGLE PHOT
Page 55 and 56: THE COMBINED PET/CT (GEMINI)PETCT
Page 57 and 58: THE UNIVERSEMATTER (ATOMS etc) ENE
Page 59 and 60: THE UNIVERSE = MATTER+ENERGYMATTER
Page 61: RADIOACTIVE ATOM and RADIATION:radi
Page 64 and 65: RADIATION2) Electromagnetic Radiati
Page 66 and 67: ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
Page 68 and 69: X-RAY SPECTRUM
Page 70 and 71: RADIATION1) Particular Radiation (m
Page 72 and 73: THE ATOMELECTRONSNUCLEUS(NUCLEONS)
Page 74 and 75: NUCLEUSATOMIC # : Z ( p + ), NEUTRO
Page 76 and 77: SHELLS AND SUBSHELLS OF ELECTRONS
Page 79 and 80: ELECTRONSIN DIFFERENT ENERGY CELLS
Page 81 and 82: STANDING PARTICLE WAVES
Page 83 and 84: PARTICLES and ANTIPARTICLES
Page 85 and 86: PARTICLES of the STANDARD MODEL
Page 87 and 88: PARTICLE TRACKS IN BUBBLE CHAMBERPa
Page 89 and 90: NUTRINOS
Page 91 and 92: NUCLEUSZ : ATOMIC # ( p + ), N : NE
Page 93 and 94: NUCLIDES - ATOMS - ELEMENTSΝuclide
Page 95 and 96: NUCLEUSThere are 3000 nuclides, sta
Page 97: LINE OF STABILITY, STABLE/UNSTABLE
Page 101 and 102: ALPHA DECAY
Page 103 and 104: BETA DECAY ( β − = e − )Neutro
Page 105 and 106: BETA-GAMMA DECAY OF 131 I
Page 107 and 108: THE ENERGY OF THE BETA PARTICLES
Page 109 and 110: POSITRON DECAY (β + = e + )Proton
Page 112 and 113: ELECTRON CAPTURE (EC)Proton rich un
Page 115 and 116: ISOMERIC TRANSITION (IT)Nucleus in
Page 117 and 118: TECHNETIUM-99m DECAY SCHEME
Page 119 and 120: MOLYBDENUM/TECHNETIUM GENERATOR
Page 121 and 122: QUANTIFICATION OF RADIATION
Page 123 and 124: PHYSICAL HALF LIFE (t 1/2 OR T p )T
Page 125 and 126: ACTIVITY(A)= DISINTEGRATION RATE(D)
Page 127 and 128: TRANSIENT EQUILIBRIUM
Page 129 and 130: FISSION
Page 131: CHAIN REACTION
Page 134 and 135: CONTROLLED CHAIN REACTION
Page 136: THREE MILE ISLAND NUCLEAR POWER PLA
Page 139 and 140: FUSION REACTOR
Page 141 and 142: ELEMENTS OF NEW FUSION TECHNOLOGY
Page 143 and 144: PARTICLE ACCELERATOR
Page 145 and 146: MONITORING RADIOACTIVITY
Page 147 and 148: QTPIE
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GEIGER COUNTER
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A DOSE CALIBRATOR
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GEOMETRIC EFICIENCY OF DETECTORS
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SCINTILLATION DETECTOR
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SPECTRUM OF A 662keV GAMMA RAY OF 1
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SPECTRUM OF 81keV gamma ray of 133
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Spillover or Crosstalk
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FULL WIDTH AT HALF MAXIMUM
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PERSONAL DOSIMETER
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INTERFERENCE FROM AC Cs SOURCELymph
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QUALITY CONTROL IN NM
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