Chapter 6 External Photon Beams: Physical Aspects - IRSN

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206.6 RADIATION TREATMENT PARAMETERS6.6.1 Radiation beam field sizeRadiation fields are divided into two categories:geometric and dosimetric (physical).• According to the ICRU, the geometric field size is defined as “theprojection of the distal end of the machine collimator onto aplane perpendicular to the central axis of the radiation beam asseen from the front center of the source.”• The dosimetric field size (also called the physical field size) isdefined by the intercept of a given isodose surface (usually 50%but can also be up to 80%) with a plane perpendicular to thecentral axis of the radiation beam at a defined distance from thesource.IAEA Radiation Oncology Physics: A Handbook for Teachers and Students - 6.6.1 Slide 2 (39/170)6.6 RADIATION TREATMENT PARAMETERS6.6.1 Radiation beam field sizeEquivalent square for rectangular field:• An arbitrary rectangular field with sidesa and b will be approximately equal to asquare field with side a eq when both fieldshave the same area/perimeter ratio(Day’s rule). ab2(a + b) = a 2eq4a eqEquivalent circle for square field:• An arbitrary square field with side awill be equivalent to a circular field withradius r eq when both fields have thesame area.a 2 2eq= r eqa eq= 2aba + br eq= a IAEA Radiation Oncology Physics: A Handbook for Teachers and Students - 6.6.1 Slide 3 (40/170)
216.6 RADIATION TREATMENT PARAMETERS6.6.2 Collimator factorExposure in air X air , air kerma in air (K air ) air and doseto small mass of medium in air D med consist of twocomponents:• Primary component is the major component.It originates in the source, comes directly from the source, anddoes not depend on field size.• Scatter component is a minor, yet non-negligible, component.It represents the scatter from the collimator, air and flatteningfilter (in linacs) and depends on the field size A.IAEA Radiation Oncology Physics: A Handbook for Teachers and Students - 6.6.2 Slide 1 (41/170)6.6 RADIATION TREATMENT PARAMETERS6.6.2 Collimator factor X air, (K air ) air , and depend upon:• Field size AD med• Parameter called the collimator factor (CF)orcollimator scatter factor S correlative exposure factor (REF).IAEA Radiation Oncology Physics: A Handbook for Teachers and Students - 6.6.2 Slide 2 (42/170)
Page 2 and 3: 26.1 INTRODUCTIONRadiotherapy (also
Page 4 and 5: 46.2 QUANTITIES USED IN DESCRIBING
Page 10 and 11: 106.3 PHOTON SOURCES FOR EXTERNAL B
Page 12 and 13: 126.4 INVERSE SQUARE LAW We assume
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716.11 SINGLE FIELD ISODOSE DISTRIB
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736.11 SINGLE FIELD ISODOSE DISTRIB
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756.12 CLARKSON SEGMENTAL INTEGRATI
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776.13 RELATIVE DOSE MEASUREMENTS W
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796.13 RELATIVE DOSE MEASUREMENTS W
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816.14 DELIVERY OF DOSE WITH A SING
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836.15 EXAMPLE OF DOSE CALCULATION
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856.16 SHUTTER CORRECTION TIME The
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Chapter 6 External Photon Beams: Physical Aspects - IRSN

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