Efficiency Estimation of Variable Pitch Propeller on Steering Thruster*
Efficiency Estimation of Variable Pitch Propeller on Steering Thruster*
Efficiency Estimation of Variable Pitch Propeller on Steering Thruster*
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
ÄÈÍÀÌÈÊÈ ÐÅËÜÅÔÀ ÄÍÀÎñíîâíûìè ïðè÷èíàìè èçìåíåíèé ðåëüåôà â èññëåäóåìûõðàéîíàõ ÿâëÿþòñÿ äåôîðìàöèè, îáóñëîâëåííûå ïðîöåññàìèðàçìûâà è àêêóìóëÿöèè îñàäêîâ, øòîðìîâûì ïåðåìåùåíèåììàòåðèàëà, à òàêæå äåôîðìàöèè, âûçâàííûåôîðìèðîâàíèåì è ïåðåìåùåíèåì äîííûõ îáðàçîâàíèé –ðèôåëåé è ïîäâîäíûõ âàëîâ.Ïðîãíîç äåôîðìàöèé, îáóñëîâëåííûõ ïåðåìåùåíèåìîñàäêîâ, âûïîëíåí äâóìÿ ìåòîäàìè: ëîêàëüíîãî áàëàíñà íàíîñîâè íà îñíîâå ñðàâíåíèÿ ïðîôèëåé äèíàìè÷åñêîãî ðàâíîâåñèÿ.Ìåòîäû ïðîøëè äîñòàòî÷íî ñåðüåçíóþ àïðîáàöèþíà öåëîì ðÿäå êðóïíûõ îáúåêòîâ ìîðñêîãî ãèäðîòåõíè÷åñêîãîñòðîèòåëüñòâà â Ðîññèè è çà ðóáåæîì. íàøåì ñëó÷àå ðàñõîæäåíèå ìåæäó ðåçóëüòàòàìè ÷èñëåííîãîìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ, ïîëó÷åííûõ êàæäûì èç ìåòîäîâ,íå ïðåâûøàåò 0,1 ì. Ïîýòîìó âûÿâëåííûå òåîðåòè÷åñêèìïóòåì çàêîíîìåðíîñòè ïåðåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ ðåëüåôà äíà, õîòÿè íóæäàþòñÿ â òùàòåëüíîé ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíîé ïðîâåðêå,íî ïîçâîëÿþò äîñòàòî÷íî óâåðåííî ñóäèòü î õàðàêòåðå ëèòîäèíàìè÷åñêèõïðîöåññîâ â èññëåäóåìûõ ðàéîíàõ.  öåëîìýòè çàêîíîìåðíîñòè ïî áóõòå Ïîðòîâàÿ ñâîäÿòñÿ ê ñëåäóþùåìó:– ïîäëåæàùèå ó÷åòó äåôîðìàöèè äíà ìîãóò íàáëþäàòüñÿòîëüêî â ïðèáðåæíîé îáëàñòè ñ ãëóáèíàìè ìåíåå10 ì. Ïðè ýòîì ãëàâíóþ ðîëü â äåôîðìàöèÿõ ðåëüåôà èãðàþòóìåðåííûå è ñèëüíûå øòîðìà þæíîãî ðóìáà, ïðè êîòîðûõðàçìûâ äíà äîñòèãàåò 0,4 ì, à àêêóìóëÿöèÿ – 0,8 ì.Ìàêñèìàëüíûå àáñîëþòíûå çíà÷åíèÿ äåôîðìàöèé äîñòèãàþòñÿïðè ýêñòðåìàëüíûõ øòîðìàõ ðåäêîé ïîâòîðÿåìîñòè. ïîëîñå ãëóáèí ìåíåå 5 ì îíè âûçûâàþò ðàçìûâ äíàäî 0,5 ì. Âûíåñåííûé ìàòåðèàë îòêëàäûâàåòñÿ íà ãëóáèíàõ6–9 ì, ãäå òîëùèíà ñëîÿ àêêóìóëÿöèè ìîæåò ïðåâûøàòü2,1 ì. Äîñòàòî÷íî ñóùåñòâåííûìè ìîãóò áûòü äåôîðìàöèè,îáóñëîâëåííûå ìèãðàöèåé ïîäâîäíûõ âàëîâ (±0.8 ì).Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ãðàíèöû âñåãî äèàïàçîíà ïîòåíöèàëüíûõäåôîðìàöèé ðåëüåôà õàðàêòåðèçóþòñÿ çíà÷åíèÿìè îò –0,8 ì (ðàçìûâ) äî 2,1 ì (àêêóìóëÿöèÿ).Çàêîíîìåðíîñòè ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ ðåëüåôà äíà â áóõòåÃðàéôñâàëüäåð-Áîääåí íåñêîëüêî èíûå:– çàìåòíûå äåôîðìàöèè äíà ìîãóò îæèäàòüñÿ â ïðèóðåçîâîéîáëàñòè, âêëþ÷àÿ ïëÿæ.  îòêðûòîé ÷àñòè áóõòûè ó âõîäà â íåå øòîðìîâûå äåôîðìàöèè ïðåíåáðåæèìîìàëû. Ìàêñèìàëüíûå àáñîëþòíûå çíà÷åíèÿ äåôîðìàöèéäîñòèãàþòñÿ ïðè ýêñòðåìàëüíûõ øòîðìàõ ðåäêîé ïîâòîðÿåìîñòè,äåéñòâóþùèõ íà ôîíå íàãîíà. Ïðè ýòîì â ïîäâîäíîé÷àñòè ïëÿæà âîçìîæåí ðàçìûâ äíà äî 0,6 ì, à â íàäâîäíîéåãî ÷àñòè – àêêóìóëÿöèÿ, òàêæå äî 0,6 ì. Ïðîöåññûðèôåëåîáðàçîâàíèÿ íå âíîñÿò çàìåòíîãî âêëàäà â øòîðìîâûåäåôîðìàöèè ðåëüåôà. Äèíàìè÷åñêèå óñëîâèÿ â áóõòåíå èñêëþ÷àþò âîçìîæíîñòü ñóùåñòâîâàíèÿ ïîäâîäíûõ âàëîâ(â çîíå ãëóáèí ìåíåå 3 ì), ìèãðàöèè êîòîðûõ ìîãóòâûçâàòü äåôîðìàöèè äíà â ïðåäåëàõ ±0,5 ì.ÇÀÊËÞ×ÅÍÈÅÏðàêòè÷åñêîå èñïîëüçîâàíèå ðåçóëüòàòîâ ðàáîòû ïîçâîëèòîïòèìèçèðîâàòü ïðîåêòíûå ðåøåíèÿ ñèñòåì òðàíñïîðòèðîâêèóãëåâîäîðîäîâ.Ïåðñïåêòèâíûì îáúåêò âíåäðåíèÿ ðàçðàáîòêè ìîãóòáûòü ìîðñêèå ó÷àñòêè ñåâåðî-åâðîïåéñêîãî ãàçîïðîâîäà.ÑÏÈÑÎÊ ËÈÒÅÐÀÒÓÐÛ1. Àíöûôåðîâ Ñ.Ì., Êàíòàðæè È.Ã. Ðàñ÷åò êîíöåíòðàöèèíàíîñîâ, âçâåøåííûõ âîëíàìè, ðàñïðîñòðàíÿþùèìèñÿíà òå÷åíèè. – ñá. «Âîäíîå õîçÿéñòâî. Ïîðòû èïîðòîâûå ñîîðóæåíèÿ. Îáúåêòû ñòðîèòåëüñòâà íà øåëüôå».- Ì.: Èçä-âî Àññîöèàöèè ñòðîèòåëüíûõ âóçîâ, 2004.2. Äàâèäàí È.Í., Ëàâðåíîâ È.Â., Ïàñå÷íèê Ò.À. è äð.Ìàòåìàòè÷åñêàÿ ìîäåëü è ìåòîä îïåðàòèâíûõ ðàñ÷åòîââåòðîâîãî âîëíåíèÿ íà ìîðÿõ ÑÑÑÐ// Ìåòåîðîëîãèÿè ãèäðîëîãèÿ. — 1988. — ¹ 11. — Ñ.81-90.3. Äîáðîòâîðñêèé À.Í., Äðóæåâñêèé Ñ.À., Êóøíèð Â.Ì.,Ïåòðåíêî Ë.À. Ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîå ìîäåëèðîâàíèå äåôîðìàöèéäíà ïîä âîçäåéñòâèåì ãèäðîìåòåîðîëîãè-÷åñêèõ ôàêòîðîâ. – Ñá. äîêëàäîâ IV Ðîññèéñêîé íàó÷.-òåõí. êîíôåð. «Ñîâðåìåííîå ñîñòîÿíèå, ïðîáëåìûíàâèãàöèè è îêåàíîãðàôèè» (ÍÎ-2001), – Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðã,6-9 èþíÿ 2001 ã. – ÃÍÈÍÃÈ ÌÎ ÐÔ, ò. 2,ñ. 293-298.4. Äîáðîòâîðñêèé À.Í., Äðóæåâñêèé Ñ.À., Êóøíèð Â.Ì.,Ïåòðåíêî Ë.À. Äèàãíîñòè÷åñêàÿ ìîäåëü äåôîðìàöèéäíà ïîä âîçäåéñòâèåì ãèäðîìåòåîðîëîãè÷åñêèõ ôàêòîðîâ.// Íàâèãàöèÿ è ãèäðîãðàôèÿ. – 2001. – ¹ 12. –Ñ. 112-122.6. Äðàáêèí Â.Â., Òðàïåçíèêîâ Þ.À., Ôîêèíà Ì.Ë. Âåðîÿòíîñòíîåìîäåëèðîâàíèå ëåäîâèòîñòè Áàëòèéñêîãîìîðÿ // Ìåòåîðîëîãèÿ è ãèäðîëîãèÿ. – 1988. – ¹ 5.– Ñ. 126-130.7. Äðàáêèí Â.Â. Îáðàçîâàíèå òîðîñîâ è íàâàëîâ ëüäà ïðèíàãîíàõ (íà ïðèìåðå Ôèíñêîãî çàëèâà). – Òð. ÀÀÍÈÈ,1978, ò. 354, ñ. 89-96.8. Äðàáêèí Â.Â., Ëåáåäåâ À.À. Íåêîòîðûå îñîáåííîñòèëåäîâîãî ðåæèìà Ôèíñêîãî çàëèâà. – Èññëåäîâàíèÿëåäÿíîãî ïîêðîâà â çàìåðçàþùèõ ìîðÿõ – Òð. ÃÍÖÐÔ ÀÀÍÈÈ, 2001, ò. 443, ñ. 38-47.9. Êëÿ÷êèí Ñ.Â., Ñóõîðóêîâ Ê.Ê. Êîìïëåêñíàÿ ìîäåëü äèíàìè÷åñêîãîè êâàçèñòàòè÷åñêîãî âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ òîðîñèñòîãîëåäÿíîãî îáðàçîâàíèÿ ñ ìîðñêèì ëüäîì. –ÐÀÎ-97, 1997, 8 ñ.10. Ëàâðåíîâ È.Â. Ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîå ìîäåëèðîâàíèå âåòðîâîãîâîëíåíèÿ â ïðîñòðàíñòâåííî-íåîäíîðîäíîì îêåàíå.– ÑÏá: Ãèäðîìåòåîèçäàò. – 1998. – 499 ñ.11. Ëåîíòüåâ È.Î. Ïðèáðåæíàÿ äèíàìèêà: âîëíû, òå÷åíèÿ,ïîòîêè íàíîñîâ. – Ì.: ÃÅÎÑ, 2001. 272 ñ.12. Íååëîâ È.À., Óìíîâ À.À. Ìîäåëü ýêîñèñòåìû Íåâñêîéãóáû / ïîä ðåä. ïðîô. Â.Â.Ìåíøóòêèíà. –  ñá.:«Íåâñêàÿ ãóáà – îïûò ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ», ÑÏá, 1997.13. Alekseev S.P., Dobrotvorsky A.N., Druzhewsky S.A.Technology <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Caring Out the Sea Engineering Investigati<strong>on</strong>sIntended to Chosse the Submarine Pipeline Routes atPrelim; nary Design Stage// The Proceedings <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> the Sec<strong>on</strong>d1999. ISOPE European OSHORE MECHANICSSYMPOSIOM; Pipelines (Moskow, Russia, ISOPEEUROMS-99). – 1999. – p. 92–93.14. UGRO N.V. Annual report, 2003–2004.15. Galperin, B.,Kantha,L.H., Hassd, S., Rosati, A. A quasiequilibriumturbulent energy model for gephysical flows //J. Atmos. Sci. –1988. –Vol.45. –P.55-62.16. Hennings I., Herbers D., Prinz K., Ziemer . On waterspoutsrelated to marine sandwaves // Marine Sandwave andRiver Dune Dynamics – 1–2 April, 2004.– Enschedethe Netherlands, CD.17. Hulscher J.M.N., Knaapen M,A.., Scholle O. Regenerati<strong>on</strong><str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> dredged sand waves // Marine Sandwave and RiverDune Dynamics – 1–2 April, 2004. – Enschede theNetherlands, CD.18. Komar P. D.,Gaughan M.K. Airy wave theory and breakerheight predicti<strong>on</strong>. – Coastal Eng. – 1972. – Proc. vol. 1.– ð. 125-132.19. Neelov I.A., Kouraev A.V. 3D circulati<strong>on</strong> model <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> theKara Sea // NIERSC Technical report N 3. – ProjectINTAS-93-0814. – 1996. – 49 p.20. Lars<strong>on</strong> M., Kraus N.C. SBEACH: numerical model forsimulating storm-induced beach change. Tech. Rep. CERC-89-9. 1989. US Army Eng. Waterw. Exp. Stati<strong>on</strong>. Coastal.Eng. Res. Center.21. Lavrenov I.V. Wind waves in Ocean. Springer-Verlag,– 2003, – 286 p.22. Lars<strong>on</strong> M., Wise R.A. Simple models for equilibriumpr<str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>iles under breaking and n<strong>on</strong>-breaking waves. Proc26 th Coastal Engrg. C<strong>on</strong>f., ASCE, – 1998.íàâèãàöèÿ è ãèäðîãðàôèÿ¹ 3(15), 2005 Ìîðñêîé âåñòíèê115