Rwanda Green Growth Strategy 18nov11 - Global Climate Change ...

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Executive SummaryRwanda imports all of its oil-based products, which fuels 39% of Rwanda’s electricity generationcapacity, and its entire transport sector. As a landlocked country in equatorial Africa, transport is limited toroad and air, and import and export costs are very high. Any increase in oil price has a significant negativeeffect on GDP and economic growth. Rwanda is fortunate in that it has large untapped clean energyresources in geothermal, hydro and solar, as well as a >300MW methane gas resource in Lake Kivu andmultiple peat deposits. Together these have the potential to exceed Rwanda’s electricity needs by 2020 andreplace oil-fuelled power plants. This would provide domestic energy security, reduce greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions and be a major economic stimulus as payments abroad for oil are replaced by localexpenditure for energy production and other development needs. Replacing chemical fertiliser imports withlocal alternatives has similar benefits. The challenge Rwanda faces lies in financing the exploitation of theseenergy resources.Rwanda has one of the lowest emissions per capita in the world, estimated at 0.4 tCO2e/person,compared to a global average of 6.7 tCO2e/person, including land use change, in 2005 [4] . The baselineGHG emissions from 2005 used in the preparation of the Second National Communication to the UNFCCCset aggregate emissions or total CO2 equivalent, amounting to 5,010Gg, dominated by agriculture andenergy. Four key sources contributed 91% of aggregate emissions: N2O from agricultural soils (57%), CH4from enteric fermentation in domestic livestock (19%), CH4 from residential energy from fuel combustion(8%) and CO2 from road vehicles (5%). CO2 emissions are mostly from transport and industrial processesthough forest sequestration made Rwanda a net carbon sink in 2005. There are uncertainties in the GHGinventory however, due to inadequate representation, lack of basic data and application of emissionsfactors for different conditions.Vision 2020 aims to transform Rwanda from a subsistence agriculture economy to a knowledgebasedsociety earning 900 USD per capita, making Rwanda a middle income country by 2020. TheEconomic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS) is the framework for achieving Vision2020 and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). In order for Rwanda to tackle climate change, itneeds to be mainstreamed into Vision 2020, EDPRS and Sector strategies. This Strategy aims to guide theprocess of mainstreaming climate resilience and low carbon development into key sectors of the economy.It provides a strategic framework (Figure 1) which includes a vision for 2050, guiding principles, strategicobjectives, programmes of action, enabling pillars and a roadmap for implementation. Each Programme ofAction has three to five focussed actions with a number of sub-actions. These are summarised at the endof the Strategy and detailed in the Sector Working Papers in Appendix B. A vision for 2050 envisages Rwanda as a developed country, with a strong services sector, lowunemployment and low levels of poverty. It is a country where agriculture and industry have a minimalnegative impact on the environment, operating in a sustainable way, and enabling Rwanda to be selfsufficientregarding basic necessities. By 2050, development will be achieved with low carbon domesticenergy resources and practices, reducing Rwanda’s contribution to climate change while allowing it to beindependent of imported oil for power generation. Finally, Rwanda will have the robust local and regionalknowledge to be able to respond and adapt to changes in the climate and the resulting impacts, supportingother African countries as a regional services hub to do the same.iiGovernment of Rwanda
Executive SummaryExecutive SummaryVision 2050: For Rwanda to be a developed climate-resilient, low-carbon economy by 2050.Guiding PrinciplesEconomic Growth and Poverty Reduction Good Regional and Global CitizenshipSustainability of the Environment and Natural resources Gender Equality and EquityWelfare and Wellness of all citizens in a growing populationStrategic ObjectivesTo achieve Energy Security and a Low Carbon Energy Supply that supports the development of Green Industry and ServicesTo achieve Sustainable Land Use and Water Resource Management that results in Food Security, appropriate UrbanDevelopment and preservation of Biodiversity and Ecosystem ServicesTo achieve Social Protection, Improved Health and Disaster Risk Reduction that reduces vulnerability to climate changeProgrammes of ActionSustainableintensificationof smallscalefarmingAgriculturaldiversity ofmarketsSustainableland usemanagementIntegratedWaterResourceManagementLow carbonenergy gridSmall-scaleenergyaccess inrural areasDisastermanagementand DiseasepreventionGreenindustry andprivate sectordevelopmentClimatecompatibleminingResilienttransportsystemsLow carbonurbansystemsEcotourism,conservationand PESSustainableforestry,agroforestryand biomassClimate dataandprojectionsEnabling PillarsInstitutionalArrangementsFinanceCapacityBuilding andKnowledgeManagementTechnology,InnovationandInfrastructureIntegratedPlanning andDataManagementRoadmap for ImplementationBig Wins, Quick Wins and Further WorkIntegrating the Strategy into Vision 2020, EDPRS 2013-2017, sector strategiesFigure 1: Strategic Framework for Rwanda’s National Strategy on Climate Change and Low Carbon DevelopmentBig WinsAmongst all the planned actions in this Strategy, there are a few ‘big wins’ that if implemented, willmake a significant impact on adaptation, mitigation and economic development. These are likely to producethe greatest return on investment for Rwanda as they impact the whole economy in the long term. Moredetails regarding each ‘big win’ are found in the Sector Working Papers in Appendix B. They have beensplit into low carbon development/mitigation and climate resilience/adaptation though there are synergiesbetween them.National Strategy on Climate Change and Low Carbon Developmentiii
Page 6 and 7: Executive SummaryAs the three large
Page 8 and 9: Executive Summaryrural areas and th
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Page 14 and 15: Acronyms and AbbreviationsJADF Join
Page 16 and 17: Definition of Key TermsClimate resi
Page 18 and 19: Chapter 1The purpose of the Strateg
Page 20 and 21: Chapter 1Strategy Write Up and Revi
Page 22 and 23: Chapter 2Rwanda hosts deposits of g
Page 24 and 25: Chapter 2temperature increase of up
Page 26 and 27: Chapter 2Figure 8: Global oil price
Page 28 and 29: Chapter 2Figure 10: Rwanda’s a) k
Page 30 and 31: Chapter 2GHG emissionsFigure 11: Il
Page 32 and 33: Chapter 216Government of Rwanda
Page 34 and 35: Chapter 3Vision 2050: For Rwanda to
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 4Programmes of ActionChapte
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 4Programme 4: Integrated Ap
Page 41 and 42: Chapter 4Programme 9: Efficient Res
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 5Enabling PillarsChapter 5:
Page 45 and 46: Chapter 5Assessment of Adaptation a
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Page 49 and 50: Chapter 5Priority 3. Promote CDM an
Page 51 and 52: Chapter 5Priority 2. Develop capaci
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Chapter 5A Technology Needs Assessm
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Chapter 6Roadmap to ImplementationC
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Chapter 62. Integrated soil fertili
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Chapter 65. Knowledge Management: S
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Chapter 6Gender EqualityGender equa
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Chapter 6To deal with unavoidable m
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ReferencesReferencesReferences1. UN
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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsAck
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AcknowledgementsAndy Plumptre, Anec
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Detailed Programmes of ActionDetail
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Detailed Programmes of ActionStrate
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Strategic ObjectivesEnergy Security
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