The Danger of Incomplete Combustion for Environment, Health, and ...

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Toxic Pollutants in Biomass Fuel Smokefrom Simple (poor) Combustion• Small particles, CO, NO 2• Hydrocarbons– 25+ saturated hydrocarbons such as n-hexane– 40+ unsaturated hydrocarbons such as 1,3 butadiene– 28+ mono-aromatics such as benzene & styrene– 20+ polycyclic aromatics such as benzo()pyrene• Oxygenated organics– 20+ aldehydes including formaldehyde & acrolein– 25+ alcohols and acids such as methanol– 33+ phenols such as catechol & cresol– Many quinones such as hydroquinone Source: Naeher et al,J Inhal Tox, 2007– Semi-quinone-type and other radicals• Chlorinated organics such as methylene chloride and dioxin
Health-Damaging Air Pollutants FromTypical Woodfired Cookstove in China.Typical Health-basedStandardsWood: 1.0 kgPer Hourin 15 ACH40 m3 kitchenTypical IndoorConcentrationsCarbon Monoxide:150 mg/m3Particles3.3 mg/m3Benzene0.8 mg/m31,3-Butadiene0.15 mg/m3Formaldehyde0.7 mg/m310 mg/m30.1 mg/m30.002 mg/m30.0003 mg/m30.1 mg/m3Best single indicatorIARC Group 1 Carcinogens
Page 1 and 2: The Danger of Incomplete Combustion
Page 3 and 4: Householdsusing biomassor coal toco
Page 5 and 6: A problem that has lastedone-third
Page 7 and 8: Household Energy in China• ~60% o
Page 9 and 10: Road Map• Why is there so much po
Page 11: Energy flows in a well-operating tr
Page 15 and 16: ALRI/PneumoniaDiseases for which we
Page 17 and 18: Global Burden of Disease from Top 1
Page 19 and 20: Global Burden of Disease Databasean
Page 21 and 22: Pollution and health effects of ind
Page 23 and 24: Household Coal Use and Lung CancerC
Page 25 and 26: Improved Stoves Brought to XuanweiC
Page 27 and 28: Why We Know Now that Chimneys are n
Page 29 and 30: Guatemala RCT: Kitchen Concentratio
Page 31 and 32: (b )ention grouprol group(ppm)2 30.
Page 33 and 34: Reduction in Kitchen 24-h PM 2.5 (u
Page 35 and 36: Sources of Primary PM 2.5 : India a
Page 37 and 38: NASA INTEX_B DatabasePercent PM 2.5
Page 39 and 40: Controllable Global Warming from Bl
Page 41 and 42: Climate Warming in 2020 Under Prese
Page 43 and 44: Heart Disease and Combustion Partic
Page 45 and 46: Where weWant toBe!MD-diagnosed Chil
Page 47 and 48: China’s National Improved Stove P
Page 49 and 50: China’s National Improved Stove P
Page 52 and 53: Box model for Indoor PollutionCt =
Page 54 and 55: How clean does the stove have to be
Page 57 and 58: Stove Use Monitors (SUMs) in Action
Page 59 and 60: Inter-instrument Comparison: 30 UCB
Page 61 and 62: Long-term Household MeasurementsInt
Page 63 and 64:
The main reason household air pollu
Page 65 and 66:
Intake Fractions : these are rough
Page 67 and 68:
Origins of the Chinese Rural Energy
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The Danger of Incomplete Combustion for Environment, Health, and ...

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